4735. banks in Chicago (Chicago, IL)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Suspension → Reopening
Bank Type
state
Start Date
September 1, 1873*
Location
Chicago, Illinois (41.850, -87.650)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
6e343f78

Response Measures

None

Description

Articles discuss Chicago banks collectively during the Panic of 1873. They describe suspension of specie payments in Chicago in Sept 1873 and banks back in full operation by 1874. No single named bank or depositor run on an individual bank is described.

Events (2)

1. September 1, 1873* Suspension
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Suspension of specie payments as part of the nationwide Panic of 1873; newspapers report that banks in Chicago (and elsewhere) suspended specie payment during the panic.
Newspaper Excerpt
the banks of Nashville have suspended specie payment. (dispatch from the west)the banks of this city had discarded all temporary expedients and were in full operation. (context refers to suspensions reported in panic of 1873)
Source
newspapers
2. January 1, 1874 Reopening
Newspaper Excerpt
Even before New York had recovered sufficiently to enable her banks to resume their usual business, the banks of this city had discarded all temporary expedients and were in full operation. (Chicago Daily Tribune, 1875-01-01, describing 1874 recovery.)the banks of this city had discarded all temporary expedients and were in full operation.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (3)

Article from The Rutland Daily Globe, September 27, 1873

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Article Text

President is called upon to convene an extra session of Congress, the effect of which must, necessarily, have been to prolong the period of the panic, further depress values, unsettle business, destroy, rather than restore confidence, and end in smoke after all. It is difficult to see what Congress could have done, even if in session, but an extra session could not have been convened for weeks, and the fact of its having been called would have been taken by the majority as an evidence that the situation was, even, more grave than they had imagined in their wildest vagaries of thought, when under the most intense and unreasoning excitement and panic. Then they are importuned to again violate the laws by anticipating the payment of government bonds not yet due, notwithstanding such a procedure is absolutely forbidden by special enactment. Akin to this was the request that the treasury would buy of banks, savings banks and bankers, all and every specic of government bonds, no matter in what amounts offered, under the understanding or agreement, on the part of the banks and others, that they would buy them back when the crisis was over. Of all the absurd and ridiculous propositions ever made, this, it seems to us, caps the climax. Yet it was soberly, honestly made by the leading financiers of New York city. So much for the attempts to place the government in a ridiculous and absurd position, for it would have so resulted, even if the projectors and urgers of these several schemes had no such intention, and, probably, they had not. The government, we are glad to say, passed through the panic without compromising itself or the country. We will now turn to another ridiculous phase. Nothing need be said about the astute conclusion to which these metropolitan financiers arrived that they were the "universe," and that the outside barbarians, scattered through the several states in the Union, didn't amount to anything and, therefore, did not need, and must not have, money, any further than to note the additional fact that Chicago has come to the same conclusion. Two years ago, her business men bankers included were frantically calling upon the country to aid them in their distress. Nobly did the country respond, and with a generosity theretofore unparalleled in the history of the world, poured in contributions of money, provisions and materials that enabled Chicago to escape much of suffering, to rebuild her desolated streets, and to resume her commercial and financial importance almost at a bound. When, now, the country, which is tributary thereto, has occasion to use the money there deposited by them, and which is still in the hands of her banks and bankers, they are informed that money will not be paid to be taken out of Chicago. This, perhaps, should be classed as financial meanness rather than as ridiculous and absurd, although it partakes of all, but more largely of meanness. It must have presented something of a farcical, as well as depressing, appearance to see staid, sober, respectable and, at most times, unapproachable financiers and bankers rushing frantically about the streets of New York with a fist full of first-class, prime securities, imploring everyone whom they met, who were supposed to have a discount or buy at an interest of seven hundred and thirty per cent per annum. In cooler moments, such things would not have been attempted, because its absurdity would have been apparent at once. The very fact of such men offering securities at such a fearful discount would demonstrate that the securities were not what they purported to be, or that the houses represented by the individuals making the offer, were in a tottering, if not failing, condition. Its tendency at any time, but more particularly in a panic, would be to bring on, or intensify, the very condition they were seeking to avoid. Let us pass to the still greater absurdities of the telegraph, or rather of the correspondents and reporters who furnish the matter to be telegraphed, over the country. Jay Cooke & Co. suspended last week, being among the earliest houses to succumb, yet a special dispatch was telegraphed from Washington, Thursday-and it was deemed of sufficient importance to be re-telegraphed over the country-that "government business with Jay Cooke, McCulloch & Co. has been stopped." The suspension of Jay Cooke & Co's. several banking houses throughout the country has been understood, for some days, to be an absolute failure, but whether this is true or not, the government would be worse than idiotic to continue business with the parent house or any of its branches. Of course, "government business" with these houses has been "stopped," and the whole country has known it for over a week, yet reporters are found, at this late day, to telegraph the fact as news. A dispatch from the west, however, more than meets it in idiocy and freshness, when it announces, under date of Thursday, that "the banks of Nashville have suspended specie payment." This in new and startling, indeed, and we dread to hear of its effect upon excited New York. A review of the panic, we think, will disclose about as much absurdity and nonsensical action as was ever brought to the surface in the same space of time. Brandon Farmers' and Mechanics' Club


Article from Chicago Daily Tribune, January 1, 1875

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Article Text

# CHICAGO DURING 1874. We congratulate the people of Chicago upon the wonderful exhibit of the business of 1874, which we present this morning. The record is indeed a most gratifying one. The hand of misfortune has been heavy upon this city. Fire and Panic have done their worst to destroy Chicago; but Chicago, bravely contending, has triumphed over both. Crushed and depressed by the great calamity of 1871, it has been a severe tax on the energies and the resources of our people to restore the waste places, and reconstruct their stores, mills, warehouses, shops, and dwellings. The hundred and more millions of dollars of invested capital which vanished in smoke and ashes had to be supplied at heavy cost. Hardly had Chicago been rebuilt, hardly had her trade and commerce, her merchants and manufacturers fairly resumed business, when there came the hardly less destructive financial panic. Though this panic was general, it was none the less severe in Chicago; indeed, it was even more oppressive here because of the previous terrible destruction of property by the fire. In the general crash, business in Chicago went down as it went down elsewhere. But, through the general gloom and despondency, the light of returning trade first broke in Chicago. Though the world might do without all else, it must have broad, and to Chicago began the flow of money to purchase bread and provisions. Even before New York had recovered sufficiently to enable her banks to resume their usual business, the banks of this city had discarded all temporary expedients and were in full operation. There were losses and disasters. Many branches of business were suspended permanently and others temporarily; the long winter and the want of employment bore heavily on many, but through it all Chicago was progressing more hopefully than perhaps any other city in the country. The year 1874 has just closed, and the record of our trade and production presents the remarkable fact of a general increase over that of preceding years. In comparing this exhibit it must be borne in mind that the business of 1873 and of the first half of 1273 was greatly stimulated by the work of repairing the effects of the fire of the preceding year. Nevertheless, despite all this, and despite the panic, despite the hue and cry against the safety of the city and the damage by a withdrawal of the Insurance Boards, Chicago has in 1874 maintained the large volume of her trade of previous years and shows a permanency and stability which bid defiance to calamity, no matter what form it takes. From the mass of detail we select some of the items. The total business, in produce, wholesale and manufactures, excluding all second sales, was valued at $639,000,000, against $590,000,000 in 1873, -a gain, despite of all things including shrinkage of values, of $43,000,000! In 1873 the business aggregated $490,000,000, when values were inflated. The aggregate receipts of grain in 1874 were 95,208,000 bushels, against 98,935,413 bushels in 1873, there being an increase in flour and wheat, and a falling off in corn and oats. The receipts of butter, wool, hides, seeds, potatoes, coal, cotton, tobacco, -all show handsome increase. The grocery trade, exclusively wholesale, reached $70,000,000; that of tobacco and cigars, $10,000,000. The dry goods trade exceeds $50,000,000,-the price of goods


Article from The Roanoke Times, November 26, 1891

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Article Text

How the Senator Stopped It in the Great Panio of 1870. An Ingentous Scheme Which Helped the Dauks of a Wisconsin Town Through a Vory Tight Squeeze. The panic of 1873 happened to be mentioned in the presence of Senator Sawyer while in Detroit lately, says the Free Pross. "I remember very well when I first heard of it," he said. "I was president of anational bank at Oshkosh, Wis., with a capital of fifty thousand dollars and four hundred thousand dollars of deposits. I felt assured that if the prediction was correct there was trouble ahead. I arrived home in the evening and at once called the directors together, told them the news and advised that our bonds be at once converted into currency in order to be prepared for a 'run' upon the bank. They agreed to it. I offered to loan them several thousand of my own bonds, and so we managed to get together between three hundred thousand dollars and four hundred thousand dollars of bonds. I packed them into my grip and the same night left for Chicago. "As soon as the banks opened in the morning I went the rounds, trying to exchange the bonds for currency. Nobody would touch them. They were afraid. They were in our fix exactly. They wanted all the currency they could lay their hands on. So without waiting any longer I took the train for New York. "I went to the bank with which we did business, and somewhat to my surprise they agreed to take all the bonds in exchange for currency. They thought there was money enough in New York to help the country out. The bankers were even then sending currency to Chicago. As it turned out, they were not as well off as they thought they were, and I was very lucky in my early deal. "Well, in less than an hour my grip was emptied of the bonds and filled with currency. I went up to my hotel and paid my bill. While waiting I bought an afternoon paper. The first news I struck was a dispatch saying that every bank in Chicago had suspended payment. I knew what the effect would be on the country banks, and I made a rush for the telegraph office. "Ithad been agreed before I left home that if I could not sell the bonds I should wire them that I was very sick. If I sold only part. that I was sick but should start for home. If I was successful, that I was quite well. I telegraphed: 'Never so well in my life' and left for home. "I reached home about 7 o'clock in the morning. The day previous there had been some pressure on the bank, but depositors had been assured that I was on my way back from New York, and that as soon as I arrived depositors would be paid without delay. On receipt of my telegram they were told that I would be in on the morning train, and that as soon as the bank opened depositors would be welcome. "Well, I went to the bank and made ready. There was a narrow table in the space behind the counter which stood up against the wall. On this we piled the ledgers and other big bank books, making a pile about two feet high and as many in length. We covered these books with the currency, and on top of that what coin we had so as to make it look like a solid pile of money. We had enough, anyway, to meet all claims, but we wanted, if possible, to prevent a run. "In the meantime we sent out some of the bank men and friends of the bank, who went blowing and talking all over town that 'Sawyer had got back with a cartload of money.' "Well. when the bank opened thirty