22541. Bank of Cumberland (Cumberland, WI)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run Only
Bank Type
state
Start Date
January 1, 1893*
Location
Cumberland, Wisconsin (45.532, -92.019)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
cffab625

Response Measures

Accommodated withdrawals, Public signal of financial health, Capital injected

Description

Multiple syndicated newspaper reprints describe a run on the Bank of Cumberland during the panic of 1893 that was quelled by a (mis-transmitted) telegram and arrival/display of funds. No suspension, closure, or receivership is reported in these articles. The telegrapher's mistake produced an exaggerated remittance message that reassured depositors; the run itself occurred in the context of the nationwide 1893 panic (systemic).

Events (1)

1. January 1, 1893* Run
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Occurred during the panicky period of 1893 (national panic), public nervousness produced a run; confidence was restored when a telegram (mis-transmitted as a much larger remittance) and delivery/display of funds were publicized.
Measures
Judge Pereles sent funds by express and a telegram (mis-transmitted as a larger remittance) was posted in the bank window; $5,000 in gold was also brought and displayed/stored in a safety deposit box to reassure depositors.
Newspaper Excerpt
There was excitement in the town, for there was, a run on the bank.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (4)

Article from The Savannah Morning News, June 13, 1900

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Article Text

ALL A TELEGRAPHER'S MISTAKE. But so Milwaukee Judge Stopped a Run on a Country Bank. From the Milwaukee Wisconsin. This is a story of how a bank was saved through the mistake of a telegraph operator, a mistake that was not discovered for several months. The bank is the Bank of "Cumberland. The hero was Judge Pereles. Therefore the story is true. It was during the panicky days of that memorable period in 1893, when the bank, without a run on it. was the exception. Cumberland is a small town and the Bank of Cumberland a small bank. Judge Perand several other Milwaukeeans have interests at Cumberland, and so one day was not surprised to receive a message bidding him send from $100 to $500 to the cashier without delay. There was excitement in the town, for there was, a run on the bank. With that calm, judicial deliberation that has marked his career upon the bench Judge Pereles reasoned that $500 would not go very far toward staying a run. and so he drew his check for triple the amount. forwarded the money by express and then dispatched a telegram to the cashier, telling him that $1,500 was one the way to help relieve the pressure. There was more excitement in Cumberand when that message was received than the day when the express wagon tore Second street with the box of gold that came from Chicago to the relief of the Plankinton Bank. The eyes of the populace nearly popped out of the populace's head when they rested on the telegram so conspicuously påsted on the window in front of the bank. Thus read the telegram: "Have just sent you $15,000 to help you out. If you need more wire at once. James Madison Pereles." It is suspected that the sudden change the direction. and the remarkable increase in the velocity of the wind on that particular day, was due to the vacuum caused by the gasp of astonishment that the populace gave when Tt saw the figures. The amount was probably greater than the entire capital of any concern in Cumberland, and there was the invitation to send for more to this Milwaukee Croesus. if necessary. But it did the business. The run on the bank was a thing of the past. Once while in "New York, Judge Pereles told the story and for some months the tale of how $1,500 saved a bank was the joke of New York banking circles. In times of great excitement the credulty of the public generally seems to be increased in proportion as pulses quicken and trivial incidents go far toward relieving pressure upon banks. This is true bank story No. 2, with the scene slightly shifted. Judge Pereles still remains the hero, while the bank is the Merchants Exchange. One of the timid clients of Nathan Pereles & Sons became infected with the panic germ and insisted upon the firm storing for him $5,000 in gold that he had left with it on investment. It was a case where argument failed entirely, and so with much trepidation, Judge Pereles was obliged to seek the bank where the money was deposited. and make the demand for $5,000 in gold. There were execrations when the bank officials learned of the demand. They could not be conspicuous. for it was an era of suspicion. Finally the money came forth. Two messengers accompanied Judge Pereles, then just an ordinary lawyer, he walked off with the pile of gold. It seemed as if every eye was on that innocent looking satchel and it seemed an awfully long way to the office. Finally was reached. Then the Pereles brothers held a consultation. There was the liability of burglars, and it was decided to rent a safety deposit vault and store the gold. The two brothers posted off with the gold between them. heading for the Merchants' Exchange Bank. It wasn't very far, but the gold seemed awfuily heavy. "There's a run on Nunnemacher's Bank," said one as they passed across Wisconsin street. The statement was true. There was an excited crowd outside the teller's window, deposits In through


Article from Perrysburg Journal, July 6, 1900

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Article Text

# A TELEGRAPHER'S MISTAKE. The Clever Scheme by Which a Milwaukee Judge Stopped a Run on a Country Bank. This is a story of how a bank was saved through the mistake of a telegraph operator, a mistake that was not discovered for several months. The bank is the Bank of Cumberland. The hero was Judge Pereles. Therefore the story is true, says the Milwaukee Wisconsin. It was during the panicky days of that memorable period in 1893 when the bank without the run on it was the exception. Cumberland is a small town, and the Bank of Cumberland a small bank. Judge Pereles and several other Milwaukeeans have interests at Cumberland, and so one day he was not surprised to receive a message bidding him send from $100 to $500 to the cashier without delay. There was excitement in the town, for there was a run on the bank. With that calm, judicial deliberation that has marked his career upon the bench Judge Pereles reasoned that $500 would not go very far toward staying a run, and so he drew his check for triple the amount, forwarded the money by express, and then dispatched a telegram to the cashier telling him that $1,500 was on the way to help relieve the pressure. There was more excitement in Cumberland when that message was received than when the express wagon tore up Second street with the box of gold that came from Chicago to the relief of the Plankington bank. The eyes of the populace nearly popped out of the populace's head when they rested on the telegram so conspicuously pasted on the window in front of the bank. Thus read the telegram: "Have just sent you $15,000 to help you out. If you need more wire at once. James Madison Pereles." It is suspected that the sudden change in the direction and the remarkable increase in the velocity of the wind on that particular day was due to the vacuum caused by the gasp of astonishment that the populace gave when it saw the figures. The amount was probably greater than the entire capital of any concern in Cumberland, and there was the invitation to send for more to this Milwaukee Croesus, if necessary. But it did the business. The run on the bank was a thing of the past. Once while in New York Judge Pereles told the story and for some months the tale of how $1,500 saved a bank was the joke of New York banking circles. In times of great excitement the credulity of the public generally seems to be increased in proportion as pulses quicken and trivial incidents go far toward relieving pressure upon banks. This is a true story No. 2, with the scene slightly shifted. Judge Pereles still remains the hero, while the bank is the Merchants' Exchange. One of the timid clients of Nathan Pereles & Sons became infected with the panic germ, and insisted upon the firm storing for him $5,000 in gold that he had left with it on investment. It was a case where argument failed entirely, and so with much trepidation Judge Pereles was obliged to seek the bank where the money was deposited and make the demand for $5,000 in gold. There were execrations when the bank officials learned of the demand. They could not be convinced of the client tale; they were suspicious, for it was an era of suspicion. Finally the money came forth. Two messengers accompanied Judge Pereles, then just an ordinary lawyer, as he walked off with the pile of gold. It seemed as if every eye was on that innocent looking satchel, and it seemed an awfully long way to the office. Finally it was reached. Then the Pereles brothers held a consultation. There was the liability of burglars, and it was decided to rent a safety deposit vault and store the gold. The two brothers posted off with the gold between them, heading for the Merchants' Exchange bank. It wasn't very far, but the gold seemed awfully heavy. "There's a run on Nunnemacher's bank," said one as they passed across Wisconsin street. The statement was true. There was an excited crowd outside the teller's window, anxious to withdraw deposits. In through the front door went the Pereles brothers. The late Bradley Schley was there, and he espied the brothers. "Hello, what have you got there, a satchel full of gold?" "Yes," replied Judge Pereles, with a smile, taking up the sally. "Well," replied Schley, "this bank's all right, with the Pereles brothers bringing gold into it." The statement was loud enough for nearly everyone to hear. There was a sudden check in the rush for the teller's window. People in the crowd paused, and then noticing the bag of gold disappear into the private offices, hesitated, then turned away. The $5,000 in


Article from The Weekly Intelligencer, July 21, 1900

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Article Text

# A TELEGRAPHER'S MISTAKE. The Clever Scheme by Which a Milwaukee Judge Stopped a Run on a Country Bank. This is a story of how a bank was saved through the mistake of a telegraph operator, a mistake that was not discovered for several months. The bank is the Bank of Cumberland. The hero was Judge Pereles. Therefore the story is true, says the Milwaukee Wisconsin. It was during the panicky days of that memorable period in 1893 when the bank without the run on it was the exception. Cumberland is a small town, and the Bank of Cumberland a small bank. Judge Pereles and several other Milwaukeeans have interests at Cumberland, and so one day he was not surprised to receive a message bidding him send from $100 to $500 to the cashier without delay. There was excitement in the town, for there was a run on the bank. With that calm, judicial deliberation that has marked his career upon the bench Judge Pereles reasoned that $500 would not go very far toward staying a run, and so he drew his check for triple the amount, forwarded the money by express, and then dispatched a telegram to the cashier telling him that $1,500 was on the way to help relieve the pressure. There was more excitement in Cumberland when that message was received than when the express wagon tore up Second street with the box of gold that came from Chicago to the relief of the Plankington bank. The eyes of the populace nearly popped out of the populace's head when they rested on the telegram so conspicuously pasted on the window in front of the bank. Thus read the telegram: "Have just sent you $15,000 to help you out. If you need more wire at once. James Madison Pereles." It is suspected that the sudden change in the direction and the remarkable increase in the velocity of the wind on that particular day was due to the vacuum caused by the gasp of astonishment that the populace gave when it saw the figures. The amount was probably greater than the entire capital of any concern in Cumberland, and there was the invitation to send for more to this Milwaukee Croesus, if necessary. But it did the business. The run on the bank was a thing of the past. Once while in New York Judge Pereles told the story and for some months the tale of how $1,500 saved a bank was the joke of New York banking circles. In times of great excitement the credulity of the public generally seems to be increased in proportion as pulses quicken and trivial incidents go far toward relieving pressure upon banks. This is a true story No. 2, with the scene slightly shifted. Judge Perefes still remains the hero, while the bank is the Merchants' Exchange. One of the timid clients of Nathan Pereles & Sons became infected with the panic germ, and insisted upon the firm storing for him $5,000 in gold that he had left with it on investment. It was a case where argument failed entirely, and so with much trepidation Judge Pereles was obliged to seek the bank where the money was deposited and make the demand for $5,000 in gold. There were execrations when the bank officials learned of the demand. They could not be convinced of the client's tale; they were suspicious, for it was an era of suspicion. Finally the money came forth. Two messengers accompanied Judge Pereles, then just an ordinary lawyer, as he walked off with the pile of gold. It seemed as if every eye was on that innocent looking satchel, and it seemed an awfully long way to the office. Finally it was reached. Then the Pereles brothers held a consultation. There was the liability of burglars, and it was decided to rent a safety deposit vault and store the gold. The two brothers posted off with the gold between them, heading for the Merchants' Exchange bank. It wasn't very far, but the gold seemed awfully heavy. "There's a run on Nunnemacher's bank," said one as they passed across Wisconsin street. The statement was true. There was an excited crowd outside the teller's window, anxious to withdraw deposits. In through the front door went the Pereles brothers. The late Bradley Schley was there, and he espied the brothers. "Hello, what have you got there, a satchel full of gold?" "Yes," replied Judge Pereles, with a smile, taking up the sally. "Well," replied Schley, "this bank's all right, with the Pereles brothers bringing gold into it." The statement was loud enough for nearly everyone to hear. There was a sudden check in the rush for the teller's window. People in the crowd paused and then noticing the bag of gold disappear into the private offices, hesitated, then turned away. The $5,000 in gold was snugly stored away in a safety deposit box, where no depositor could have got it with a crowbar.


Article from Indian Chieftain, August 23, 1900

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Article Text

A TELEGRAPHER'S MISTAKE. The Clever Scheme by Which a Milwankee Judge Stopped a Run on a Country Bank. This is a story of how a bank was saved through the mistake of a telegraph operator, a mistake that was not discovered for several months. The bank is the Bank of Cumberland, The hero was Judge Pereles. Therefore the story is true, says the Milwaukee Wisconsin. It was during the panicky days of that memorable period in 1893 when the bank without the run on it was the exception. Cumberland is a small town, and the Bank of Cumberland a small bank. Judge Pereles and several other Milwaukeeans have interests at Cumberland, and BO one day he was not surprised to receive a message bidding him send from $100 to $500 to the cashier without delay. There was excitement in the town, for there was a run on the bank. With that calm, judicial deliberation that has marked his career upon the bench Judge Perelos reasoned that $500 would not go very far toward staying 4 run, and so he drew his check for triple the amount, forwarded the money by express, and then dispatched 6 telegram to the cashier telling him that $1,500 was on the way to help félieve the pressure. There was more excitement in Cumberland when that message was rèceived than when the express wagon tore up Second street with the box of gold that came from Chicago to the relief of the Plankington bank. The eyes of the populace nearly popped out of the populace's head when they rested on the telegram so conspionously pasted on the window in front of the bank. Thus read the telegram: "Have just sent you $15,000 to help you out. If you need more wire at once, James Madison Pereles." It is suspected that the sudden change in the direction and the remarkable increase in the velocity of the wind on that particular day was due to the vacuum caused by the gasp of astonish ment that the populace gave when it saw the figures. The amount was probably greater than the entire capital of any concern in Cumberland, and there was the invitation to send for more to this Milwaukee Croesus, If necessary. But it did the business. The run on the bank was a thing of the past. Once while in New York Judge Pereles told the story and for some months the tale of how $1,500 saved a bank was the joke of New York banking circles. In times of great excitement the credulty of the public generally seems to be increased in proportion as pulses quicken and trivial incidents go far to ward relieving pressure upon banks. This is a true story No. 2, with the scene slightly shifted. Judge Percles still remains the hero, while the bank As the Merchants' Exchange. One of the timid clients of Nathan Pereles & Sons became infected with the panic germ, and insisted upon the firm storing for him $5,000 in gold that he had left with it on investment, It was a case where argument failed entirely, and SO with much trepidation Judge Pereles was obliged to seek the bank where the money was deposited and make the demand for $5,000 in gold. There were execrations when the bank officials learned of the demand. They could not be convinced of the client tale; they were suspicious, for It was an ora of suspicion. Finally the money came forth. Two messengers accompanied Judge Pereles, then just an ordinary lawyer, as he walked off with the pile of gold, It seemed as if every eye was on that innocent looking satchel, and it seemed an awfully long way to the office. Finally it was reached. Then the Pereles brothers held a consultation. There was the liability of burglars, and it was decided to rent a safety deposit vault and store the gold The two brothers posted off with the gold between them, heading for the Merchants' Exchange bank. It wasn't very far, but the gold seemed awfully heavy. "There's a run on Nunnemacher's bank," said one as they passed across Wisconsin street. The statement was true. There was an excited crowd outside the teller's svindow, anxious to withdraw deposits. In through the front door went the Pereles brothers. The late Bradley Schley was there, and he espied the brothers. "Hello, what have you got there, a satchel full of gold?" "Yes," replied Judge Pereles, with a smile, taking up the sally. "Well," replied Schley, "this bank's all right, with the Pereles brothers bringing gold into The statement was loud enough for nearly everyone to hear. There was a sudden check in the rush for the teller's window. People in the crowd pausod and then noticing the bag of gold disappear into the private offices, hesdtated, then turned away. The $5,000 in gold was snugly stored away in a safety deposit box, where no depositor could