1033. California bank (San Francisco, CA)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run → Suspension → Reopening
Bank Type
state
Start Date
August 27, 1875
Location
San Francisco, California (37.780, -122.419)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
65230e8f

Response Measures

Capital injected, Full suspension

Other: Heavy call by a major investor (James C. Flood) precipitated suspension; D.O. Mills later provided capital to save the bank.

Description

Articles recount the August 1875 episode when a rumor (that Ralston had embezzled funds / mining failures) triggered heavy withdrawals (a run) on the California Bank, producing a suspension/near-collapse; D. O. Mills (and others) intervened and the bank was saved. The historical institution is commonly called the Bank of California — here given as 'California bank' per the articles. Dates given are from article text (Aug 27, 1875).

Events (3)

1. August 27, 1875 Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
A rumor circulated that Ralston and related mining enterprises had failed and that the bank's funds were depleted / Ralston had embezzled capital, prompting mass withdrawals.
Measures
Friends and capitalists (notably D. O. Mills) intervened to shore up the bank; funds were supplied to save the institution.
Newspaper Excerpt
One August day in 1875 a rumor floated through San Francisco ... The next day, Aug. 27, 1875, Ralston drove to the beach ... Nearly 2,000 men and women ... were next day mourning for themselves, lamenting the loss of their all.
Source
newspapers
2. August 28, 1875 Suspension
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Heavy withdrawals and a damaging rumor about the bank's solvency (and possibly a heavy call on the bank) forced the bank into suspension/temporary stoppage of payments or severe distress; later private support restored it.
Newspaper Excerpt
Flood made that heavy call on the California bank which led to its suspension ...
Source
newspapers
3. * Other
Newspaper Excerpt
It was at once concluded that the banker had committed suicide ... D. O. Mills ... came forward and, according to the popular impression at the time, saved the bank from utter ruin.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (10)

Article from Reporter and Farmer, October 18, 1888

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

of its proprietors. In 1862 these men made their first investment in the Comstock lode, Nevada. John W. Mackay joined his fortunes with theirs the next year, and in 1869 James C. Fair became the fourth partner in the mining property owned by the firm. Whoever suffered by the collapse of the Comstock "boom" ten or eleven years ago, Flood and his associates came out ahead. It was Mr. Flood who projected the Nevada bank. He had for associates James C. Fair and John W. Mackay. After finishing the immense row of buildings called the Nevada block in San Francisco, and just before starting the Nevada bank, Flood made that heavy call on the California bank which led to its suspension aad incidentally to the death of William C. Ralston, the popular Californian, whose fall and subsequent suicide were greatly deplored by the public.


Article from The Daily Times, October 21, 1888

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

keeping a liquor saloon in San Francisco, which became a kind of exchange, much to the profit of its proprietors. In 1862 these men made their first investment in the Comstock lode, Nevada. John W. Mackay joined his fortune with theirs the first year, and in 1869 James C. Fair became the fourth partner in the mining property owned by the firm. Whoever suffered by the collapse of the Comstock "boom" ten or eleven years ago, Flood and his associates came out ahead. It was Mr. Flood who projected the Nevada bank. He had for associates James C. Fair and John W. Mackay. After finishing the immense row of buildings called the "Nevada Block," in San Francisco, and just before starting the Nevada bank, Flood made that heavy call on the California bank which led to its suspension and incidentally to the death of William C. Ralston, the popular Californian, whose fall and subsequent suicide was greatly deplored by the public. In personal appearance Mr. Flood recalled his Irish origin. His figure was imposing, and his features gave him an aspect of power. His house in San Francisco is a costly structure of plain architecture. The handsomest country house on the Pacific coast is that built and occupied by him in San Mateo, in the Santa Clara valley. Flood was never a well man after the disastrous wheat deal that so nearly wrecked the Nevada bank a year ago, and from which he suffered a loss of $6,000,000.


Article from The New North-West, October 26, 1888

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

keeping n liquor saloon in San Francisco, which became a kind of exchange, much to the profit of its proprietors. In 1862 these men made their first investment in the Comstock lode, Nevada. John W. Mackay joined his fortune with theirs the first year, and in 1869 James C. Fair became the fourth partner in the mining property owned by the firm. Whoever suffered by the collapse of the Comstock "boom" ten or eleven years ago, Flood and his associates came out ahead. It was Mr. Flood who projected the Nevada bank. He had for associates James C. Fair and John W. Mackay. After finishing the immense row of buildings called the "Nevada Block," in San Francisco, and just before starting the Nevada bank, Flood made that heavy call on the California bank which led to its suspension and incidentally to thedeath of William C. Ralston, the popular Californian, whose fall and subsequent suicido was greatly deplored by the public. In personal appearance Mr. Flood recalled his Irish origin. His figure was imposing, and bis features gave him an aspect of power. His house in San Francisco is a costly structure, of plain architecture. The handsomest country house on the Pacific coast is that built and occupied by him in San Mateo, in the Santa Clara valley. Flood was never a well man after the disastrous wheat deal that so nearly wrecked the Nevada bank a year ago, and from which he suffered a loss of $6,000,000.


Article from The Ottawa Free Trader, November 10, 1888

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

keeping a liquor saloon in San Francisco, which became a kind of exchange, much to the profit of its proprietors. In 1862 these men made their first investment in the Comstock lode, Nevada. John W. Mackay joined his fortune with theirs the first year, and in 1869 James C. Fair became the fourth partner in the mining property owned by the firm. Whoever suffered by the collapse of the Comstock "boom" ten or eleven years ago, Flood and his associates came out ahead. It was Mr. Flood who projected the Nevada bank. He had for associates James C. Fair and John W. Mackay. After finishing the immense row of buildings called the "Nevada Block," in San Francisco, and just before starting the Nevada bank, Flood made that heavy call on the California bank which led to its suspension and incidentally to the death of William C. Ralston, the popular Californian, whose fall and subsequent suicide was greatly deplored by the public. In personal appearance Mr. Flood recalled his Irish origin. His figure was imposing, and his features gave him an aspect of power. His house in San Francisco is a costly structure, of plain architecture. The handsomest country house on the Pacific coast is that built and occupied by him in San Mateo, in the Santa Clara valley. Flood was never a well man after the disastrous wheat deal that so nearly wrecked the Nevada bank a year ago, and from which he suffered a loss of $6,000,000.


Article from Wichita Eagle, November 24, 1888

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

keeping a liquor saloon in San Francisco, which became a kind of exchange, much to the profit of its proprietors. In 1862 these men made their first investment in the Comstock lode, Nevada. John W. Mackay joined his fortune with theirs the first year, and in 1869 James C. Fair became the fourth partner in the mining property owned by the firm. Whoever suffered by the collapse of the Comstock "boom" ten or eleven years ago, Flood and his associates came out ahead. It was Mr. Flood who projected the Nevada bank. He had for associates James C. Fair and John W. Mackay. After finishing the immense row of buildings called the "Nevada Block," in San Francisco, and just before starting the Nevada bank, Flood made that heavy call on the California bank which led to its suspension and incidentally to the death of William C. Ralston, the popular Californian, whose fall and subsequent suicide was greatly deplored by the public. In personal appearance Mr. Flood recalled his Irish origin. His figure was imposing, and his features gave him an aspect of power. His house in San Francisco is a costly structure, of plain architecture. The handsomest country house on the Pacific coast is that built and occupied by him in San Mateo, in the Santa Clara valley. Flood was never a well man after the disastrous wheat deal that so nearly wrecked the Nevada bank a year ago, and from which he suffered a loss of $6,000,000.


Article from Rock Island Daily Argus, February 22, 1889

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

# DEATH OF JAMES C. FLOOD. One of California's "Big Four" Passes to the Undiscovered Country. NEW YORK, Feb. 22.-A telegram from Heidelberg, Germany, announces the death there yesterday morning of James C. Flood, of California. Mr. Flood was at the head of the biggest banking institution of San Francisco and was known as the "Bonanza Millionaire." He was born in New York about 1826 and received a common school education. He was one of the California "49'ers" and did not have much luck until 1854 when he became the leading partner in the firm of Flood & O'Brien. They kept a liquor saloon and a sort of an exchange. In 1862 these men made their first investment in the Comstock lode, Nevada. John W. Mackay joined them in 1869, and James C. Fair became the fourth partner in the mining property. Flood projected the Nevada bank, in company with Fair and Mackay. It was just previous to this that he made that heavy call on the California bank which led to its suspension and incidentally to the suicide of William C. Ralston. Mr. Flood's wealth is estimated at $30,000,000. He had been ailing for some time and spent considerable time in Heidelberg, whose waters he was taking.


Article from Iron County Register, February 28, 1889

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

# FLOOD IS DEAD. Death at Heidelberg, Germany, of James C. Flood, the "Bonanza" Millionaire Californian. NEW YORK, Feb. 21.-A special telegram from Heidelberg this morning announces the death at that place of Mr. James C. Flood. Mr. Flood was at the head of the greatest banking institution of San Francisco, and was known as the "Bonanza Millionaire." He was born in New York about 1826 and received a common-school education. In 1849 he sailed for California, making the long journey around the Horn. He had trouble sometimes, disappointments and failures and plenty of hard work until 1854, when he became the leading partner in the firm of Flood & O'Brien. They kept a liquor saloon and a sort of an exchange. In 1862 these men made their first investment in the Comstock lode, Nevada. John W. Mackay joined them in 1869, and James C. Fair became the ourth partner in the mining property. Flood projected the Nevada bank, in company with Fair and Mackay. It was just previous to this time that he made that heavy call on the California bank which led to its suspension, and ne identally to the suicide of Wm. C. Ralston. Mr. Flood's wealth is estimated at $20,000,000. He had been ailing for some time, and spent considerable time in Heidelberg, whose waters he was taking.


Article from The Red Cloud Chief, March 1, 1889

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

# FLOOD IS DEAD. Death at Heidelberg, Germany, of James C. Flood, the "Bonanza" Millionaire Californian. NEW YORK. Feb. 21.-A special telegram from Heidelberg this morning announces the death at that place of Mr. James C. Flood. Mr. Flood was at the head of the greatest banking institution of San Francisco, and was known as the "Bonanza Millionaire." He was born in New York about 1826 and received a common school education. In 1849 he sailed for California, making the long journey around the Horn. He had trouble sometimes, disappointments and failures and plenty of hard work until 1854, when he became the leading partner in the firm of Flood & O'Brien. They kept a liquor saloon and a sort of an exchange. In 1862 these men made their first investment in the Comstock lode, Nevada. John W. Mackay joined them in 1869, and James C. Fair became the ourth partner in the mining property. Flood projected the Nevada bank, in company with Fair and Mackay. It was just previous to this time that he made that heavy call on the California bank which led to its suspension, and incidentally to the suicide of Wm C. Ralston. Mr. Flood's wealth is estimated at $21,093,000. He had been ailing for some time, and spent considerable time in Heidelberg, whose waters he was taking.


Article from Butte Semi-Weekly Miner, March 2, 1889

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

# THE LATE JAMES C. FLOOD. California's Famous Millionaire who Passed Away at Heidelberg. James C. Flood, who died at Heidelberg, February 21, was head of the greatest banking institution of San Francisco, and was generally regarded as the ablest of the "bonanza millionaires." Daring as well as conservative in his financial methods, he was believed to be the presiding spirit in those "deals" which strongly agitate the stock market of San Francisco now and then, with the general result of making richer those who do not need wealth, and pauperising humble speculators by scores and hundreds. Flood leaves a wife and two children, a son and daughter, both unmarried. He was worth about $30,000,000, and his children may inherit even a larger sum than that, as the millionaire was a man oi indefatigable energy, and his schemes for his further enrichment were likely to be successful. Mr. Flood was born in the city of New York about 1826. He received a plain common school education. How his time was occupied between schooldays and his majority is not known, but when about 23 years of age, in 1849, he sailed for Califor-nia, making the long journey around the Horn. With $3,000 he returned to New York, but resided in that city only a year. Back again at the Pacific coast, like all the adventurers of that period, Mr. Flood had troublesome times, disappointments and failures and plenty of hard work. In 1854 we find him emerging from obscurity and becoming known as the leading partner in the firm of Flood & O'Brien. The partners made money keeping a liquor saloon in San Francisco, which became a kind of exchange, much to the profit of its proprietors. In 1862 these men made their first investment in the Comstock lode, Nevada. John W. Mackay joined his fortunes with theirs the next year, and in 1869 James G. Fair became the fourth partner in the mining property owned by the firm. Whoever suffered by the collapse of the Comstock "boom" 10 or 11 years ago, Flood and his associates came out ahead. It was Mr. Flood who projected the Nevada bank. He had for his associates James C. Fair and John W. Mackay. After finishing the immense row of buildings called the "Nevada Block" in San Francisco, and just before starting the Nevada bank Flood made that heavy call on the California bank which led to its suspension and incidentally to the death of William C. Ralston, the popular Californiau, whose fall and subsequent suicide were greatly deplored by the public. In personal appearance Mr. Flood recalled his Irish origin. He was gray but otherwise looked younger than his years. His stature was tall, his figure imposing, his features gave him an aspect of power. His house in San Francisco is a costly structure of plain architecture. The handsomest country house on the Pacific coast is that built and occupied by him in San Mateo, in the Santa Clara valley.


Article from The Daily Times, October 6, 1889

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

WILLIAM C. RALSTON. denco was unimpaired and thousands of humble people placed their little savings in that bank because they deemed it "good as the Ralston's country house at Belmont, in the Santa Clara valley, was a palace in a rural paradise. Every foreigner of distinction and every eastern man of note who visited San Francisco was entertained there. During the season when such visitors were most expected Mr. Ralston had a coach and six horses daily at his bank to drive his guests to Belmont. Its decorations and grounds were celebrated in all the journals; the hospitality dispensed there was truly described the B SEM JOHMO sil su most of the great enterprises on the coast, and was considered one of the shrewdest and most reliable financiers in the country. One August day in 1875 a rumor floated through San Francisco that all the mining enterprises of Ralston, Sharon and others had proved failures, that the funds of the bank had been too heavily drawn on, and that Ralston was going out. His friends rushed to him for an explanation, and ho said with a smile: "I am tired out and must breathe the free air awhile. Let those two ild cats shoulder the load now." He referred to Sharon and Mills. The next day, Aug. 27, 1875, Ralston drove to the beach for his daily swim. On the way he greeted all the acquaintances he met with his usual gayety, and to his servant he said: "You must drive home quickly when 1 come out-I ill be cold." He dived, swam for out into the bar. turned, waved his hands gayly to a few friends on shore, and sank to rise no more. William Sharon, soon to be noted as the absentee United States senator, 10J quods 03 14811 one pournssu oouo 18 the bank, and his statement was in these :sprom "Ralston has embezzled the entire capital of the California bank. He has ruined every one in the business." Nearly 2 2,000 men and women, who had mourned the death of Ralston and many of whom had followed him to the grave, were next day mourning for themselves, lamenting the loss of their all. It was at once concluded that the banker had committed suicide. At this stage D. O. Mills, father-in-law of Whitelaw Reid came forward and, according to the popular impression at the time, saved the bank from utter ruin. A few thousands were saved for the family; of the two sons, William C., Jr., engaged in mining speculations and Samuel devoted himself with great success to mechanical engineering and improved methods of Sanarar Samuel Ralston said that when he was a small boy his father had told him to master mechanical engineering. The elder Ralston stated at that time that were he an engineer he should go to Siberia and open up mining there that would astound the civilized world. At that time he secured a promise from Sam that he would become an engineer and do what he could tocarry out his father's idea. When Sam's father was drowned the youth took his own head, and the fame of the great Corliss engine at the Centennial exposition had attracted his attention. He sought the noted engine builder and carried out that part of the plan successfully. While in the eastern cities Sam spent read U SCAL pue Applicant secure with the Indies. He spent a small fortpuu social up our his schemes, and then went to California and won another competence, which he invested in Siberia. The exact history of his eighteen months there is not known. The first account published was that he and his party were escorted to the frontier by the Russian authorities 041 pau return: 1940 01 pus explanation assigned was that the "lady lobbyist" of Washington, who had se. cured the "concession" by her influence over a Russian diplomat, had afterwards deserted her Muscovite, and he had in revenge induced the canceling of the government permit. Another story is that Sam Ralston was inveigled into a partnership with a Russian nobleman, who proved to be a traitor or swindler, and so involved his friends in his ruin The result was that Sam returned to California a bankrupt and broken hearted, and in June of 1887 took his own life. and 81 your Supervidans arom 11118 V most of Sam Ralston's intimate friends have come to grief. Of the group of young men with whom he associated in 111 SUM euo "I a Providence Arizona and another in Mexico: another