gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
e81a60f2ebbdee92
Response Measures
None
Description
Closed by State Superintendent and placed in receivership; later investigations alleged irregularities and indictments of officers.
Events (3)
1.December 5, 1904Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Large crowd and spreading panic/rumors at opening led depositors to withdraw funds.
Measures
Paid depositors who were in line before closing; president and some directors resigned (efforts to reassure).
Newspaper Excerpt
a run which began with the opening of the bank's doors and continued to grow in volume as the day advanced.
Source
newspapers
2.December 5, 1904Suspension
Cause
Government Action
Cause Details
State Superintendent Kilburn closed the bank during the run and placed it under official control.
Newspaper Excerpt
The German Bank of Buffalo was closed to-day by State Superintendent of Banking Kilburn because of a run
Source
newspapers
3.December 6, 1904Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
The German bank was placed in charge of George S. Leonard of the state banking department. Superintendent Kilburn is of the opinion that the German bank will not resume.
Source
newspapers
Newspaper Articles (21)
1.December 5, 1904The Topeka State JournalTopeka, KS
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
BANK SHUTS THE DOOR Insufficient Funds to Meet a Run Assigned as Cause. Buffalo, N. Y., Dec. 5.-The German bank of which President Emery of the German-American is also president, has closed its doors. A notice posted on the door gives as the reason for closing: "Insufficient funds to meet a constantly increasing run." At the German-American bank today there were no evidences of a run.
2.December 5, 1904Evening Times-RepublicanMarshalltown, IA
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
RUN ON A BANK. German Bank of Buffalo Closes Its Doors. Buffalo. N. Y., Dec. 5.-The German bank of which President Emery of the German American is also prestdent closed its doors because of insufficient funds to meet a constantly increasing run. At the German American bank today there was no evidence, of a run.
Bank Couldn't Stand The Run BUFFALO, N. Y., Dec. 5.-The German bank, of which President Emery of the German-American is also president, has closed its doors. A notice posted on the doors gives the reason for closing as follows: "Insufficient funds to meet the constantly increasing run." At the German-American bank today there was no evidence of a run.
CLOSED ITS DOORS. Insufficient Funds to Meet Constantly Increasing Run. Buffalo, N. Y., Dec. 5.-The German Bank, of which President Emery of the German-American is also president, has closed its doors. A notice posted on the doors gives as the rea son for closing. "Insufficient funds to meet constantly increasing run.' At the German-American bank today there was no evidence of a run.
5.December 6, 1904Arizona RepublicanPhoenix, AZ
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
IT WAS RUN TO DEATH The Closing of the German Bank of Buffalo. Buffalo, Dec. 5.-The German bank of Buffalo was closed today by State Superintendent of Banking Kilburn because of a run which began with the opening of the doors and continued to grow in volume as the day advanced. A big crowd of excited depositors gathered in front of the German bank seeking information. Officers were placed at the door and no one was allowed to enter. \All this excitement had the inevitable result of sending nervous depositors hurriedly to the GermanAmerican bank. Soon after the announdement was made that the German bank had closed, the Buffalo Clearing House association issued a statement that it would stand by the German-American bank and meet all demands made upon it. It was also announced that President Emery and two of the directors of the German-American had resigned and that their places had been taken by three wealthy Buffalo men. These two announcements had a reassuring effect and several large deposits which had been withdrawn were again placed in the bank. The small depositors, however, continued to draw out their money and at three o'clock nearly 100 people were in line before the cashier's window. All of them were paid before the bank closed for the day.
6.December 6, 1904The Morning AstorianAstoria, OR
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
BANK CLOSED DOWN. Run of Depositors Cause of Failureβ Depositers Guaranteed. Buffalo, N. Y., Dec. 5.-A run on the German bank of Buffalo closed that institution today. The run began at the opening and the flood of excited depositors grew in volume as the rumor spread and excited depositors collected in front of the doors demanding information. So soon as the announcement was made that the bank had closed its doors the Buffalo Clearing House Association announced, after a meeting. that it would stand by the bank and meet all demands upon it. Later an announcement was made that President Emery and two of the directors of the German-American had resigned, and their places taken by three local men. These announcements had a cheering effect and several large deposits were returned to the bank. Small creditors, however, continued to withdraw, and at 3 o'clock nearly 100 were in line. All were paid. Superintendent Kilburn is of the opinion the bank will not resume.
7.December 6, 1904Ottumwa Tri-Weekly CourierOttumwa, IA
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
PRESSURE IS TOO GREAT. German Bank of Buffalo, Closes-German-American Survives Run. Buffalo, N. Y., Dec. 5. - The German bank of which President Emery of the German-American is also president, closed its doors because of insufficient funds to meet the constantly increasing run. At the German-American bank today there was no evidences of a run.
GERMAN BANK CLOSED. State Department Official Took Action Because of Run. BUFFALO, Dec. 6. - The German bank of Buffalo was closed by State Superintendent of Banking Kilburn. This action was taken because of a run which began with the opening of the bank's doors and continued to grow in volume as the day advanced. A large crowd of excited depositors gathered in front of the German bank seeking information. Officers were placed at the door, and no one was allowed to enter. All this excitement had the inevitable result of sending nervous depositors hurrying to the German-American bank, which is located on the opposite side of Main street, a short distance to the south, and within a few minutes the counting room was thronged with men and women, and the run which began last week was-renewed. The German bank was placed in charge of George S. Leonard of the state banking department. Superintendent Kilburn is of the opinion that the German bank will not resume business.
9.December 6, 1904The Savannah Morning NewsSavannah, GA
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
GERMAN BANK CLOSED. Its Deposits Amount to Several Millions of Dollars. Buffalo, N. Y., Dec. 5.-The German Bank of Buffalo was closed to-day by State Superintendent of Banking Kilburn because of a run which began with the opening of the bank's doors and continued to grow in volume as the day advanced. Soon after the announcement was made that the German bank had closed, the Buffalo clearing house association issued a statement that it would stand by the German-American Bank and meet all demands on it. This announcement had a reassuring effect and several large deposits which had been withdrawn were again placed in the bank. Small depositors, however, continued to draw out their money. The German bank has deposits amounting to five or six millions. Supt. Kilburn is of the opinion that the German bank will not resume business.
10.December 6, 1904The San Francisco CallSan Francisco, CA
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
BUFF. ALO BANK CLOSES DOORS BUFFALO, N. Y., Dec. 5.-The German Bank of Buffalo was closed to-day by State Superintendent of Banking Kilburn because of a "run," which began with the opening of the doors and continued to grow in volume as the day advanced. A big crowd of excited depositors gathered in front of the German Bank, seeking information. Officers were placed at the door and no one was allowed to enter. All this excitement had the inevitable result of sending nervous depositors hurying to the German-American Bank, a kindred institution. Soon after the announcement was made that the German Bank had closed, the Buffalo Clearing-house Association issued a statement that it would stand by the German-American Bank and meet all demands made upon it. It was also announced that President Emery and two of the directers of the German-American Bank had resigned and that their piaces had been taken by three wealthy Buffalo men. These two announcements had a reassuring effect and several large deposits, which had been withdrawn, were replaced in the bank. Small depositors, however, continued to draw out their money and at 3 o'clock nearly 100 persons were in line before the cashier's window. All of them were paid before the bank closed for the day. Superintendent Kilburn is of the opinion that the German Bank will not resume business. In regard to the bank's assets. he said: "A great deal of the money is out on what might be designated as slow loans. The deposits amount to between $5,000,000 and $6,000,000. About $3,000,000 of that sum represents business that should have been done with a savings bank, rather than a discount bank, it being the accounts of small depositors."
11.December 7, 1904New Ulm ReviewNew Ulm, MN
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
Bank Closes Doors. Buffalo, N. Y., Dec. 6.-The German bank, of which President Emery of the German American is also president, has closed its doors. A notice posted on the door gives as the reason for closing: "Insufficient funds to meet a constantly increasing run."
12.December 8, 1904Daily Kennebec JournalAugusta, ME
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
TOOK THE CHECK Even Though They Knew Failure Was Only Few Minutes Away. Buffalo. N. Y., Dec. 7.-Warrants were issued, this afternoon. on application of E. M. Block. pawnbroker, of this city, for the arrest of President Richard Emory. Cashier Paul Werner and Assistant Cashier William P. Luedeke of the suspended German Bank, on a charge of grand larceny in the second degree. Block charges that a New York draft he bought at the German Bank, 10 or 15 minutes before it suspended. Monday. giving a check therefor. has been returned. the bank upon which it was drawn having no funds. He says he has since learned that the German Bank withdrew all its funds from the New York bank on Saturday last. Emory. Werner and Luedeke appeared later before Judge Murphy and were held for a hearing. tomorrow morning. Werner and Luedeke declared that the German Bank had to its credit in the New York bank funds in excess of 10,000. The fact that payment of the draft was refused was due to the fact that when Supt. Kilburn took charge of the bank he immediately telegraphed all banks in which the German Bank had deposits. instructing them not to pay out any more money on account of the German Bank.
BAD BUSINESS. The German bank of Buffalo, N. which had a capital stock of $100, 000 and deposits to the amount of $6 000,000 came into possession of certain Ohio traction railroad speculators and promoters, who purchased a majority of the bank's stock, and then loaded It up with their own unmarkable wares Of course they used the deposits in the bank to further 17 schemes, and now the institution is in the hands of receivers and 8 depositors are out in the cold whist Ting for their Christmas cheer Frenzied financial operators do not appear to be confined to Oberlin, Ohio, or to Mrs. Chadwick If matters go on at this rate possibly the government will have to take control of all savings banks.
14.January 21, 1905Virginia GazetteWilliamsburg, VA
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
By Wire and Cable.
Governor Peabody began his contest against Governor Adams for the governorship of Colorado. Two Democrats were expelled from the State Senate.
The receiver charges irregularities involving $662,869 in the wrecked German Bank of Buffalo, of which Richard Emory, of Baltimore, was president.
Four persons were burned to death in a freight wreck at Piggot, Ark.
Ex-Gov. Morgan G. Bulkeley was nominated by Connecticut Republicans for Senator to succeed Joseph R. Hawley.
The steamer Indus was stranded near Fire Island on her way from Havana to New York.
F. R. Pierson, of Tarrytown, N. Y., has paid a florist $20,600 for a new variety derived from the Lawson pink.
The American Medical Association complimented Havana on its sanitary plants and adjourned.
15.January 31, 1905The Morris County ChronicleMorristown, NJ
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
FOREIGN. The Standard Rope and Twine Company, of New York City, unable to meet the interest on its bonds, went in the hands of receivers. Five horses were burned in a stubborn fire at Thirteenth avenue and Thirtieth street, New York City. 1 Warrants for four officials of the insolvent German Bank at Buffulo, N. Y., were issued, based on charges of larceny and failure to perform duty. Philadelphia police arrested "Flossie" Murphy, who, they charge, is "the woman with the erutch," leader of a band of safe burglars. Mrs. William Wilkins entered a church at Rahway, N. J., while a funeral service was in progress, snatched her daughter from a mourner and drove away. She has sued her husband for a separation. The report of the Superintendent of Public, Works, given out at Albany, N. Y., showed that the last season was a comparatively poor one as regards tonnage on the State canals. The tenth annual report of the New York State Commissioner of Prisons was made public at Albany. Two amendments to the indeterminate sentence and parole law were recommended. Poland joined Finland and the rest of the Russian empire began rising, and strikes and conflicts continued to spread over the interior. In M. Rouvier's statement of policy before the French Chamber the discussion of the income tax was placed ahead of that on the separation of Church and State. Governor Davis, of the Panama Canal zone, reported that only three deaths have occurred from yellow fever in Panama since the United States took charge, and that the whole town is being fumigated. The Sultan of Morocco, a special cable dispatch said, has summoned two of the principal men of each town to a conference on the proposals of France. Prince Gurielly, a police official, was shot and killed by an unknown man at Batoum. A blizzard helped materially to maintain order in Moscow. German authors and artists are signing a petition to the Czar to spare Gorky's life. A number of Herero chiefs have surrendered, and it was believed that the end of the revolution was near, but Germany continued to send troops to South Africa. From Wonson a special cable dispatch announced that the Russians on the east coast of Korea were retiring north. M. Rouvier has completed the formation of a new French Cabinet. Finland can have all the guns it wants when the time comes for revolt against Russia, it was reported. These arms were partly procured in England. Arms will also be supplied to Poland. China's reply to Russia's charges of a violation of neutrality was presented to Secretary Hay. It is a general denial. Counter charges against Russia are set up. The strikers, who numbered nearly 220,000, were simply awaiting the influence of public opinion on the coal mine proprietors and the efforts of the German Government to assist in the settlement. The revolution spread to Moseow Odessa and other important eities in Russia. . Grand Duke Vladmiir, of Russia. or dered 500 machine guns from a Ger man factory Three Austrian Army corps moving to the Galieian frontier gave ground for the theory that half a dozen Russian provinces may be "pacified" into Austrian territory.
16.February 3, 1905The Olneyville TimesProvidence, RI
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
pany. of New York City, unable to meet the interest on its bonds, went in the hands of receivers. Five horses were burned in a stubborn fire at Thirteenth avenue and Thirtieth street, New York City, Warrants for four officials of the insolvent German Bank at Buffalo, N. Y., were issued. based on charges of larceny and failure to perform duty. Philadelphia police arrested "Flossie" Murphy, who, they charge. is "the woman with the erutch," leader of a band of safe burgiars. Mrs. William Wilkins entered a church at Rahway, N. J., while a funeral service was in progress, snatched her daughter from a mourner and drove away. She has sued her husband for a separation. The report of the Superintendent of Public Works, given out at Albany, N. Y., showed that the last season was a comparatively poor one as regards tonpage on the State canals. The tenth annual report of the New York State Commissioner of Prisons was made public at Albany. Two amendments to the indeterminate sentence and parole law were recommended. Poland joined Finland and the rest of the Russian empire began rising. and strikes and conflicts continued to spread over the interior. In M. Ronvier's statement of policy before the French Chamber the discussion of the income tax was placed ahead of that on the separation of Church and State. Governor Davis, of the Panama Ca. nal zone, reported that only three deaths have occurred from yellow fever in Panama since the United States took charge. and that the whole town is being fumigated. The Suitan of Morocco. a special cable dispatch said. has summoned two of the principal men of each town to a conference on the proposals of France. Prince Gurielly, a police official, was shot and killed by an unknown man at Batoum. A blizzard helped materially to maintain order in Moscow. German authors and artists are signing a petition to the Czar to spare Gorky's life. A number of Herero chiefs have surrendered. and it was believed that the end of the revolution was near but Germany continued to send troops to South Africa. From Wonson a special cable dishe Russians on patch announced that the east coast of Korea were retiring north. M. Rouvier has completed the forma. tion of a new French Cabinet. Finland can have all the guns It wants when the time comes for revolt against Russia, it was reported. These arms were partly procured in England. Arms will also be supplied to Poland China's reply to Russia's charges of a violation of neutrality was presented to Secretary Hay. It is a general de nial. Counter charges against Russia are set up. The strikers, who numbered nearly 220,000, were simply awaiting the in fluence of public opinion on the coal mine proprietors and the efforts of the German Government to assist in the settlement. The revolution spread to Moscow dessa and other important cities in Russia. Grand Duke Vladimir. of Russia. or dered 500 machine guns from a Ger man factory Three Austrian Army corps moving to the Galician frontier gave ground for the theory that half a dozen Rus sian provinces may be "pacified" into
17.August 15, 1905New-York TribuneNew York, NY
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
EXAMINE DEFUNCT BANK'S BOOKS. Buffalo, Aug. 14.-In special term of the Supreme Court to-day Justice White granted an order directing the receiver to permit the Title Guarantee and Trust Company of Scranton and a committee representing the German Bank creditors' organization to examine the books of the defunct German Bank. It has been charged by the creditors' organization that several persons and corporations were informed of the bank's condition and permitted to withdraw large sums of money before the failure. The committee was appointed to ascertain who got the money and whether legal action might be taken against them.
18.June 14, 1907Evening StarWashington, DC
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
APPLEYARD'S STATEMENT. Does Not Know About His Philadelphia Stock Deals. BUFFALO, N. Y., June 14.-Arthur E. Appleyard arrived in Buffalo this morning Asked if he was going to pay the $40,000 today to the receiver of the German Bank, Mr. Appleyard replied: "I'll have to refer you to my attorney, Mr. .Williams. He will do all the talking about that." "Did you get cleaned out in your stock deals in Philadelphia?" "I don't know whether I am or not. It is too soon to tell where I stand. I got the best of the gang two days ago on a rapid transit deal, so they laid for me in United Gas improvement. I may break even." Mr. Williams stated Mr. Appleyard would be unable to pay the $40,000, owing to his losses on the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. Mr. Williams said Appleyard called on him in Boston yesterday and they decided to come to Buffalo today. "This Philadelphia affair renders it impossible for Mr. Appleyard to carry out the agreement we made with Receiver Wheeler. I hope we can later carry out this original agreement," said Mr. Williams. Receiver Wheeler was asked what he proposed to do in the matter. "What can we do? Appleyard hasn't the money to pay today," said he. A few minutes later Receiver Wheeler and Attorney Williams met Mr. Appleyard at the Iroquois Hotel, where he had been waiting for them.
19.June 14, 1907The News-DemocratProvidence, RI
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
APPLEYARD SAYS HE GOT. THE BEST OF GANG" Buffalo, N. Y., June 14.-Arthur E. Appleyard arrived in Buffalo this morning. Asked if he was going to pay the $40,000 today to the receiver of the German bank, Mr. Appleyard replied: "I'll have to refer you to my attorney, Mr. Wililams. He will do all the talking about that." "Did you get cleaned out in your stock deals in Philadelphia?" "I don't know whether I am or not. It is too sΓ³on to tell where I stand. I got the best of the gang two days ago on a rapid transit deal so they laid for me in United Gas. I may break even."
20.June 21, 1907The Marshall RepublicanMarshall, MO
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
Lawson's "Tip" Cost a Bank Artnur E. Appleyard, promoter and financier of Boston and Philadelphia, played Lawson's "tip" and lost $40,000. He didn't bring the $40,000 which the receiver of the defunct German bank of Buffalo has been looking for for several weeks and which Appleyard promised to hand
21.May 17, 1908The SunNew York, NY
Click image to open full size in new tab
Article Text
GERMAN BANK CASE SETTLED. Its Former President Agrees to Pay 880,000 to the Receiver. BUFFALO, May 16.-By the payment of $80,000 to the receiver of the defunct German Bank of Buffalo Eugene A. Georger, its former president, will be freed from all liabilities, both civil and criminal, in connection with the wrecking of the institution. This agreement was reached to-day at a conference between Georger's attorneys, a depositors' committee and Receiver Wheeler. The action was approved by Attorney-General William S. Jackson, who was prosecuting Georger on charges of perjury and grand laroeny. Mr. Jackson came here to-day and after looking over the ground decided that the proposed settlement was best for all conoerned. Justice Pound granted the order which settles the civil action. He reserved decision on a motion to dismiss the indictments against Georger, but intimated that he will grant the motion as soon as the $80,000 is turned over to the receiver. The $80,000 will give the depositors about 2 per cent. of their claims. making a total of about 85 per cent. paid by the receiver.
Bank runs are almost always and everywhere a deterioration of bank fundamentals.
But not for you.
You are the measure-zero exception: great fundamentals, solid bank, and yet the Diamond Dybvig fairy spread its rumor. Depositors woke up. Your collateral was not prepositioned. The Clearinghouse had it for you.
Do not pass Go. Do not collect $200. Go directly to jail… or worse.