9037. Farmers & Mechanics Bank (Detroit, MI)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run → Suspension → Reopening
Bank Type
state
Start Date
May 4, 1845
Location
Detroit, Michigan (42.331, -83.046)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
526bfc56

Response Measures

Full suspension

Description

Contemporary articles describe a rumor-driven panic in early May 1845, followed by suspension/enjoinment in June–July 1845 and an appointment of a receiver after an August 5 chancery decision. A legislative act in April 1846 waived past forfeiture and reinvested the charter; newspapers report the bank would soon resume business. OCR errors in some reprints corrected (e.g., 'Farmers' and 'Mechanics' rendered consistently).

Events (5)

1. May 4, 1845 Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
False rumor that the bank had assigned/failed led to alarm and expectation of a run.
Newspaper Excerpt
There is a rumor to-day in town that the Farmers and Mechanics Bank has assign d. but this is not true...The Banks will have and expect a run to morrow
Source
newspapers
2. June 21, 1845 Suspension
Cause
Government Action
Cause Details
Chancery injunction/enjoinment by court led to suspension of business.
Newspaper Excerpt
The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of Detroit has been enjoined by the Court of Chancery of Michigan, and has suspended business for the present.
Source
newspapers
3. July 2, 1845 Suspension
Cause
Government Action
Cause Details
Reinforcing reports of the bank's suspension following chancery proceedings.
Newspaper Excerpt
The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of Detroit has suspended.
Source
newspapers
4. August 5, 1845 Other
Newspaper Excerpt
The Chancellor this morning gave his opinion in the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank case...and has issued an order for the appointment of a receiver. He declared against the Bank solely on the ground of the illegality of their Agency at Chicago. ...their notes will only sell to those who wish to buy for investment, as it will be a long time before they will be paid.
Source
newspapers
5. April 29, 1846 Reopening
Newspaper Excerpt
A bill has passed the two houses and received the Executive signature to waive all past forfeiture of its charter, and to reinvest it with all its former franchises...we presume the bank will soon resume business, which has been suspended in the main since the proceedings in Chancery.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (11)

Article from Southport Telegraph, May 13, 1845

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Letters received at Buffalo under date of May 4tb, from Detroit, says: There is a rumor to-day in town that the Farmers and Mechanics Bank has assign d. but this is not true. The Bank is good, and will redeem: so says S. S. Brown. The cause of this report was, that the Bank had a note with an endorser, which was about to be outlawed, and to make the endorser holden, they were obliged to assign the note to an Eastern friend to commence a suit in the United States' District Court, River Raisin good, and so is Oakland. There is great excitement here. The Banks will have and expect a run to morrow, but are able to meet all their demands. to


Article from The New York Herald, June 21, 1845

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The balance of assets over liabilities being £3,191,461. as stated in the above account under the head Rest. The great changes in deposits are created by the extensive operations in Railroad shares, which are alto. gether unconnected with the regular transactions of the Bank. The variations in the various departments will be seen in the above comparative table. The Scotch and Irish Banking systems are not settled. and the parties interested are making efforts to get more privileges than the original bill grants. A deputation on the subject of the Scotch Banking Bill had an inter. view with Sir Robert Peel, to obtain an extension of the Scotch circulation from £3,000,000 to about £3,400,000 but it met with a decided refusal. The position of the Bank of Ireland in relation to the new bank bill, is represented to be one of extreme hardship. By the charter of the Bank of Ireland, they were prohibited from issuing notes but they nevertheless had less competition in the other business of bankers, from the fact that the other banks which did issue notes had no place of business in Dublin By the change, however, they are exposed to the increased competition of all the Irish banks, who will now, no doubt, have their head offices at Dublin, while they are not allowed to participate in the privilege of issuing notes. The exclusive privileges of the Bank of Ireland are abolished, of circulating their notes in Dublin and its neighborhood; but with regard to these particular banks, another act is passed which prevents them now from is. suing notes, only because they have not done so hitherto, having been prevented by the Bank of Ireland charter. And this appears still more unnecessary and uujust, when all experience has demonstrated that an increased number of issuers has no tendency to increase the whole circulation of notes, but rather to diminish it. Notwithstanding the rapid increase of banks of issue in England, from 1833 to 1837, there was no tendency for the whole circulation to increase ; and the same has been the case in Scotland, while the number of banks has been nearly doubled. The value of the exports from this port for the firs, ourteen days in June 1845, was as annexed,COMMERCE OE THE PORT OF NEW YORK. $1,206,311 19 Shipped in American vessels 155,344 06 Shipped in foreign vessels 24,833 33 Specie exported Total for fourteen days $1,386,488 58 The value of the exports for June last year was $3,372,172. This year they will probably fall short of that amount. The value of the exports for the first week in June this year, was $502,238 19, and for the second week $884,250 39, showing an increase in the second week of $382,012 20 over the first. The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of Detroit has been enjoined by the Court of Chancery of Michigan, and has suspended business for the present. We learn from a semi-official source, that in the course of two or three weeks, the Secretary of the Treasury will complete his arrangements for the better security and safe keeping of the public moneys. A complete change will be made in the depositories, and the number reduced. It is the intention of the Secretary to require Government securities, or others equally as good, from every depository to the full amount or deposit in each.


Article from The Cadiz Sentinel, July 2, 1845

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Uncurrent Money. St. Clair money is selling at 35 to 40 cents at Detroit. It brings the same in goods at Cleveland. The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of Detroit has suspended. Don't take it.


Article from Southport Telegraph, August 12, 1845

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IMPORTANT-Farmers and Mechanics' Bank Detroit.-The Chicago News says: A private letter received this morning by one of our business men, dated at Deiroit, Aug. 5th, reads as follows : GENT:- The Chancellor this morning gave his opinion in the Farmers' and Mechan is' Bank case, which is to make the injunction perpetual, and has issued an order for the appointment of a receiver. He declared ag inst the Bank solely on the ground of the illegality of their Agency at Chicago. Of course their notes will only sell to those who wish to buy for investment, as it will be a long time before they will be paid. We would not give over 50 cents on the dollar for investment. In haste. Yours respectfully.


Article from Carroll Free Press, August 22, 1845

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FARMERS' AND MECHANICS' BANK OF MICHIGAN. The following ennouncement appears in the Detroit Free iPress of the 6th instant: The Chancêllor gave his decision yesterday in the case of Lyell vs. the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of thiscity. The decision is that the Bank forfeited its charter by establishing an agency at Chicago The Chancellor, therefore, decrees that the injurction against the bank be perpetual, and that it shall be putinto the hands of a Receiver. Mfthere is TYO appeal, this decision, we suppose, will be final; our opinion however is that the end is not-yet. If this/decree is final, Michigan courts are mere summary than any chancery proceedings we ever 'heard of In noticing the decision the Detroit Advertiser.remarks: This result-will be received through the State with no little surprise. The recent determination of the stockholders to renew the capital stock had given currency to its bills and created a general impression that the business of the bank would the commenced again under favorable auspicies. But another Locafaco progeny has been destroyed by its own parents, and our friend. its worthy President, who presided FO agreeably over Lacofoco airti-bank Conventions last sulmmer, will have to join in the generale connibatism and help eat some other brocofooo.bank.


Article from New-York Daily Tribune, April 29, 1846

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The Detroit Advertiser states that a bill has pass" ed the two houses and received the Executive signature to levy 8 specific tax on the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of that city. The legal effect of the bill is under. stood to be to waive all past forfeiture of its charter, and to reinvest it with all its former franchises. We presume, says the Advertiser, that the bank will soon resume business, which has been suspended in the main since the proceedings in Chancery. We are notinformed, however, whether any specific arrangements have been made. Mr. Seymour, the President, is now absent at Canandaigua, but is expected home daily. The bill recently passed by the Pennsylvania Leg. islature, granting to the Schuylkill Bank, of Philadelphia, a right to appeal from the decision of the Court of Common Pleas, in the matter of the claim of the Bank of Kentucky, has been signed by the Governor. The law stands in the place of a supersedeas and stay of execution requires that security for the payment of costs be given by the Schuylkill Bank: that 8 Receiver be ap. pointed by the Bank of Kentucky. subject to the approval of the Court, who shall be empowered to take possession of all the personal assets of the Schuyiki Bank, and superintend all payments and transfers; to deposit the cash received, in some place to be designated by the Court. subject to the first draft of himself and the Direct ors, and to the order of the Court. This bill will give to the Directors of the Schuy Ikill Bank, an opportunity of trying the issue between them and the Bank of Kentucky before e higher tribunal. The debt of Arkansas is $3,500,000. The Arkansas papers contend that the interest on this debt cannot be paid. One paper, with what It calls " 8 spirit of self sacrificing honor," recommends that the Legislature propose "to the creditors of said State of Arkansas, that they cancel their present evidences of liability and re celve in place thereof State bonds, not bearing interest payable in fifteen years after date."


Article from The Plymouth Republican, August 7, 1879

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WALTER. Fairfield, Iowa, July 23, 1879. OLD-TIME BANKING. How Specie Payments were Maintained by a Detroit Bank. [Detroit News.] Some funny stories are told of business methods in the olden time, one of which will bear repeating as an illustration of the advantagee sil. ver dollars possess as a bank reserve -and which by the way, we especially commend to Secretary Sherman. The old Farmers' and Mechanics' bank was established in Detroit in 1830. In 1845, owing to some disastrous operations in Ohio, it was temporarily badly crippled, and to tide over the crisis the directors lent their best energies. The bank had a large volume of notes outstanding, all redeemable in coin on presentation, and it was apprehended that the moment the condition of the institution became known a run would ensue which would compel the closing of their doors. Now-a-days a bank officer would throw up the sponge under such circumstances and suspend payment like a little man, but then bank ers were both bold and fertile of expedient. The coin had run down very low, and there was no time to be lost. The services of a friend of the institution were secured, and he was privately sent to a large creditor (Lyell, the subsequently defaulting banker. by the way) to whom hecritical state of the bank was whispered and the wisdom of some measures of self-protection suggested. Lyell snapped at the bait and upon a hint from the officious minister rushed around to the nearest court and got out an injunction forbidding the bank to pay out any more coin pending the order of the court. This effectually saved the concern. for when note holders subsequently presented the bank's paper for redemption they were politely met with the reply, "We would be very happy to oblige you, sir, but unfortunately we are for a few days tied up by a process of the Wayne circuit court. We hope the it junction will soon be dissolved, when, etc." It was late in the afternoon when the injunction was served, and the stock of coin had some hours previously dwindled to $53. The cashier meantime was on nettles. If that injunction did not come quickly the concern was ruined. At every opening of the door the poor man trembled in his shoes lest the new comer should be a note holder in quest of coin. One more demand would close the concern forever. Slowly the clock ticked off the minutes, full thirty of which must yet elapse be. fore the hour of closing. Would that injunction never come! At last the door opened and a nervous, bustling man hurried to the counter. The cashier saw at a glance that it wasall up with him, but while there was life there was still hope, he thought. "Here, Mr. Cashier, I've got five hundred dollars of your notes I want coin for." The cashier endeavored to preserve a placid exterior while he deliberately bethought himself how he


Article from The Daily Dispatch, August 13, 1879

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Tne WEATHER YESTERDAY was cloudy and cool. THERMOMETER YESTERDAY 6 A. M., 66 9 A. M., 73: noon, 81; 3P. M., 81; M., 78; midnight, 67 Mean temperature. 74. Old-Time Banking. A GOOD STORY OF THE GOOD OLD DAYS OF STATE BANKS. [From the Detroit News.] Some funny stories are told of business methods in the olden time, one of which will bear repeating as an illustration of the advantages silver dollars possess as a bank reserve, and which, by the way, we especially commend to Secretary Sherman. The old Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank was established in Detroit in 1839. In 1845, owing to some disastrous operations in Ohio. it was temporarily badly crippled, and to tide over the erisis the directors lent their best energies. The bank had a large volume of notes outstanding, all redeemable in coin on presentation, and it was apprebended that the moment the condition of the institution became known a run would ensue, compelling the closing of their doors. Nowadays a bank officer would throw up the sponge under such circumstances, and suspend payment like a little man, but then bankers were both bold and fertile of expedient. The coin had run down very low, and there was no time to be lost. The services of a friend of the institution were secured, and he was privately sent to a large creditor (Lyell, the subscquently defaulting banker, by the way). to whom the critical state of the bank was whispered, and the wisdom of some measures for self-protection suggested. Lyell snapped at the bait, and, upon a hint from the officious visitor, rushed around to the nearest court and got out an injunction forbidding the bank to pay out any more coin pending the order of the court. This effectually saved the concern, for when note-holders subsequently presented the bank's papers for redemption they were politely met with the reply, " We should be very happy to oblige you, sir, but unfortunately we are for few daystied up by a process of the Wayne Circuit Court. We hope the injunction will soon be dissolved, when," &c. It was late in the afternoon when the injunction was served, and the stock of coin had some hours previously dwindled to 853. The cashier mean time was on nettles. the injunction did not come quickly the concern was ruined. At every opening of the door the poor man trembled in his shoes lest the new-comer should be a noteholder in quest of coin. One more demand would close the concern forever. Slowly the clock ticked off the minutes, full thirty of which must yet elapse before the hour of closing. Would that injunction never come At last the door opened, and nervous. bustling man burried to the counter. The cashier saw at a glance that it was all up with him, but while there was hope, be thought. Here, Mr. Cashier, I've got 8500 of your notes I want coin for." The cashier endeavored to preserve a placid exterior while he deliberately bethought bimself how he might delay a refusal of payment for a little while, until, perchance, an officer would come in with the boped-for injunction. So you want coin for your bills, do vou? suavely remarked the cashier, glancing with the corner of his eyes through the open window into the all too quiet street. Why, yes! I live in Dexter, and want to catch the 4 o'clock train; so please hurry up the specie." All right What's the news in Dexter How do the crops look? How's my old friend -? Is he living there still And, by the way, what in the world can you do with specie in that little country town that Farmers' and Mechanics' bills won't accomplish?" Oh, never mind. Give me my money, so that I can catch the train. The fact is. there is a little flurry out there about the safety of your bank, and I want to make sure of my money.' Ha! ha! ha laughed the cashier: afraid of our bank, are they ? Well, they must be getting pretty fastidious when the conservative old Farmers and Mechanics won'tsuit them. Why, my dear sir-' Never mind the pedigree of your bank, but give me my money, or I shall miss my train." Certainly, mv dear sir." (Another glance through the window, but still no sheriff in sight.) Aside: What shall I do?" There, I've got only ten minutes to catch my train. If you will assure me upon honor that it is all right, and that the bank is not going to bust, I won't wait now. but if you are going to shut up want my money. Come, how is it, old fellow Really, sir,' replied the polite cashier, " you place me in very delicate position. If I tell you the bank is safe, and anything happens hereafter, you will blame me; on the other hand, if I tell you it is shaky shall be unfaithful to my employers, and shall very justly be discharged. I prefer not to make any statement, but simply count out your thousand half-dollars. (Half-dollars were the principal coinage in circulation at that time.) Turning, screw-driver in hand. to strong :wooden box, apparently tightly screwed together, such as silver coin was usually packed in in those days, but which the eashier knew very well to be absolutely empty, be wiped off his brow and set himscif to work as if to an hereulean task. The man glaneed at the clock. then at the iron-bound coin box, then mentally ealeulated the weight of a thousand half-dollars, then burst out with: Never mind: see you have got the coin, and I'll d-d I'm going to pack a thousand half-dollars all the way to Dexter to-night. Never mind, Mr. Cashier, I won't trouble you,' and out of the bank he darted. The injunction was served soon after and the danger passed. But the old Farmers and Mechanics still kept up the habit of being short of coin, and did so till the last, when nearly twenty years later what was left of It was consolidated with a private bank, and became the now prosperous American National Bank, of Detroit. The worthy cashier still lives in Detroit, and finds a bonanza of enjoyment in recounting the amusing incidents of old-time tinanefering. The Comte de C. at the Cusino of Trouville beholds a gambler of the Greek order of architecture playing écarie with a gentleman. The latter loses and retires, and his place is taken by another gentleman. The Count: "Do you play honestly.


Article from Spirit of Jefferson, September 9, 1879

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MISCELLANEOUS. OLD-TIME BANKING. [From the Detroit News 1 OME funny stories are told of business which methods in the olden times, one of the repeating as an illustration of silver dollars possess as a advantages will bear especially bank reserve, and which, by the Sherman. way, we commend to Secretary The old Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank in Detroit in 1839. In 1845, was to some disastrous owing established operations crippled, in and Ohio, temporarily badly to the erisis the directors The bank had a tide it best was over energies. large lent volume their coin of notes outstanding, all redeemable in that on presentation, and it was apprehended institution moment the condition of the became the known a run would ensue, compell- a the closing of their doors. Nowadays bank icg officer would throw up the sponge unsuch circumstances, and suspend payder like a little man; but then bankers ment bold and fertile of coin were had run down very low, and both expedient. there friend The was be lost. The services of a of no institution were secured, was sent to a large creditor, privately the time to and (Lyell, the he way) the subsequently defaulting banker, by was whom the critical state of the bank to and the wisdom of some measures whispered, Lyell anapped the offiand, upon a hint from at rushed around to cious the visitor, bait, the forbidding nearest court and got out an injunction bank to pay out any more coin pending of the court. This for when note the the order concern, effectually holders subso. saved the bank's papers the rcwere politely met the demption quently presented they with for 'We should be very happy to oblige few reply, sir, but unfortunately we are for a Ciryou, days tied up by a process of the Wayne will cuit Court. We hope the injunction soon be dissolved. when," &c. late in the afternoon when the inwas served, and the stock hours dwindled to junction It was previously of $53. coin The had cashier in the meantime wason did not come quickly some injunction nettles. the the concern If door the ruined. At every opening of the was poor man trembled in hie shoes lest the comer should be a note-holder in quest more demand would the forever. Slowly the clock off concern of new coin. One which ticked must close yct full thirty of before the hour of clapse the minutes, closing. last the Would door that injunction never come! At opened, and a nervous, bustling man hurried to the counter. The cashier saw at a glance that it was all up with him, but while there was still hope, he thought. "Here, Mr. Cashier, " I've got S500 of your notes I want coin for." The cashier endeavored to preserve a placwhile he deliberately bethought how he might delay a himself id exterior refusal perchance, of payfor a little while. until, an ment officer would come in with the hoped-for injunction. So you want coin for your bills, do you?" with suavely remarked the cashier, glancing the corner of his eyes through the open window into the all too quiet street. "Why, yes! I live in Dexter, and I want to catch the 4 o'clock train; so please hurry up the specie." right! What's the news in Dexter? 'All do the crops look? How's my ? Is he living there still? friend How And, old by the way, what in the world can you that do with specie in that little country town Farmers' and Mechanics' bills won't accom plish?" Oh, never mind. Give me my money, can catch the train. is, so ig a little flurry out there there that I The about make fact the safety of your bank, and I want to sure of my 'Ha! money." ha! ha!" laughed the cashier; "afraid are they? Well, must of fastidious when getting our bank, pretty they the won't conserva- suit be tive old Farmers' and Mechanics' them. Why, my dear sir-' Never mind the pedigree of your bank, but give me my money, or I shall miss my train." "Certainly, my dear sir," (another glance in through the window, but gtill no sheriff sight.) Aside: What shall I do?" I've got ten catch "There, only minutes to train. If you will assure me upon bank your my honor that it is all right, and that the butif is not going to bust, I won't wait now, you are going to shut up I want my money. Come, "Really, how is sir," it?" replied the polite eashier, place me in a very delicate position. "you If tell you the bank is safe. and anything on hereafter. you will blame me; I happens other hand. if I tell you it is shaky the shall be unfaithful to my employers. and shall very justly be discharged. I prefer not to make out any statement. but simply c out your thousand half dollars." (Half d lara were the principal coinage in circulation at that time.) Turning, screw driver in hand, to a strong wooden box, apparently tightly screwed to


Article from Daily Globe, October 26, 1879

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Old-Time Banking. Some funny stories are told of business methods in the olden time, one of which will bear repeating as an illustration of the advantages silver dollars possess as a bank reserve. The old Farmer's & Mechanics' Bank was established in Detroit in 1839. In 1845, owing to some disastrous operations in Ohio, it was temporarily badly crippled, and to tide over the crisis the directors lent their best energies. The bank had a large volume of notes out-standing, all redeemable in coin on presentation, and it was apprehended that the moment the condition of the institution]became known a run would ensue which would compel the closing of their doors. Now-a-days a bank officer would throw up the sponge under such circumstances, and suspend payment like a little man, but then bank ers were both bold and fertile of expedient. The coin run down very low, and there was no time to be lost. The services of a friend of the institution were secured, and he was privately sent to a creditor (Lyell, the subsequently defaulting banker, by the way), to whom the Critical state of the bank was whispered, and the wisdom of some measures for self protection suggested. Lyellsnapped at the bait, and upon a hint from the officious visitor, rushed to the nearest court and got an injunction forbidding the bank to pay out any more coin pending the order of the court. This effectually saved the concern, for when noteholders subsequently presented the bank's paper for redemption, they were polite1y met with the reply, "We should be very happy to oblige you, sir, but unfortunately we are for a few days tied up by a process of the Wayne Circuit Court. We hope the injunction will soon be dissolved when, etc." It was late in the afternoon when the injunction was served, and the stock of coin had some hours previously dwidled to $53. The Cashier meantime was on nettles. If that injunction did not come quickly the concern was ruined. At every opening of the door the poor man trembled in his shoes, lest the new-comer should be a note holder in quest of coin. One more demand would close the concern forever. Slowly the clock ticked off the minutes, full thirty of which must yet elapse before the hour of closing. Would that injunction never come! At last the door opened, and a nervous, bustling man hurried to the counter. The Cashier saw at a glance that it was all up with him, but while there was a little hope he thought. "Here, Mr. Cashier, I've got $500 of your notes I want coin for." The cashier endeavored to preserve a placid exterior while he deliberately bethought himself how he might delay a refusal of payment for a little while, until, perchance, an officer would come in with the hoped-for injunction. "So you want coin for your bills, do you?" suavely remarked the cashier, glancing with the corner of his eye through the open window into the all too quiet street. "Why, yes! I live in Dexter, and I want to catch the four o'clock train; so hurry up the specie." "All right! What's the news in Dexter? How do the crops look? How's my old friend Is he living there still? And by the way, what in the world can you do with specie in that little country town that Farmers & Mechanics' bills won't accomplish?" "O! never mind. Give me my money 80 that I can catch the train. The fact 18, there is a little flurry up there about the safety of your bank, and I want to make sure of my money." "Ha! Ha! Ha!" laughed the Cashier; "afraid of our bank, are they? Well, they must be getting pretty fastidious when the conservative old Farmers' and Mechanics' won't suit them. Why, my dear sir "Never mind about the pedigree of your bank, but give me my money or I shall miss the train." "Certainly, my dear sir." (Another glance through the window, but still no Sheriff in sight.) Aside: "What shall I do!" "There, I've got only ten minutes to catch my train. If you will assure me upon honer that it is all right, and that the bank is not going to bust, I won't wait now, but if you are going to shut up I want my money. Come, how is it, old fellow "Really, sir," replied the polite Cashier, "you place me in a very delicate position. If I tell you the bank is safe, and anything happens hereafter, you will blame me; on the other hand, if I tell you it is shaky I shall be justly discharged. I prefer not to make any statement, but simply count out your 1,000 half dollars.' (Half dollars were the principal coinage in circulation at that time.) Turning screw-driver in hand, to a strong wooden box, apparently tightly screwed together, such as silver coin was usually packed in in those days, but which the Cashier knew very well to be absolutely empty, he wiped off his brow and set himseif to work as if to an herculean task. The man glanced at the clock, then at the iron bound coin-box, then mentally calculated the weight of a thousand halfdollars, then burst out with: "Never mind; I see you have got the coin, and I'll be darned if I'm going to pack a thousand half dollars all the way to Dexter to-night. Never mind, Mr. Cashier, I won't trouble you,"-and out of the bank he darted. The injunction was served soon after and the danger passed. But the old Farmers' and Mechanics' still kept up the habit of being short of coin, and did so till the last, when nearly twenty years latter what was left of wasconsolidated


Article from The Princeton Union, October 29, 1879

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to future generations as that of a hero and the savior of his country. Old-Time Banking. Some funny stories are told of business methods in the olden time, one of which will bear repeating as an illustration of the advantages silver dollars possess as a bank reserve. The old Farmer's & Mechanics' Bank was established in Detroit in 1839. In 1845, owing to some disastrous operations in Ohio, it was temporarily badly crippled, and to tide over the crisis the directors lent their best energies. The bank had a large volume of notes out-standing, all redeemable in coin on presentation, and it was apprehended that the moment the condition of the institution became known a run would ensue which would compel the closing of their doors. Now-a-days a bank officer would throw up the sponge under such circumstances, and suspend payment like a little man, but then bank ers were both bold and fertile of expedient. The coin run down very low, and there was no time to be lost. The services of a friend of the institution were secured, and he was privately sent to a creditor (Lyell, the subsequently defaulting banker, by the way), to whom the Critical state of the bank was whispered, and the wisdom of some measures for self-protection suggested. Lyell snapped at the bait, and upon a hint from the officious visitor, rushed to the nearest court and got an injunction forbidding the bank to pay out any more coin pending the order of the court. This effectuaily saved the concern, for when noteholders subsequently presented the bank's paper for redemption, they were politely met with the reply. "We should be very happy to oblige you, sir, but unfortunately we are for a few days tied up by a process of the Wayne Circuit Court. We hope the injunction will soon be dissolved when, etc." It was late in the afternoon when the injunction was served, and the stock of coin had some hours previously dwidled to $53. The Cashier meantime was on nettles. If that injunction did not come quickly the concern was ruined. At every opening of the door the poor man trembled in his shoes, lest the new-comer should be a note holder in quest of coin. One more demand would close the concern forever. Slowly the clock ticked off the minutes, full thirty of which must yet elapse before the hour of closing. Would that injunction never come! At last the door opened, and a nervous, bustling man hurried to the counter. The Cashier saw at a glance that it was all up with him, but while there was a little hope be thought. "Here, Mr. Cashier, I've got $500 of your notes I want coin for." The cashier endeavored to preserve a placid exterior while he deliberately bethought himself how he might delay a refusal of payment for a little while, until, perchance, an officer would come in with the hoped-for injunction. "So you want coin for your bills, do you?" suavely remarked the cashier, glancing with the corner of his eye through the open window into the all too quiet street. "Why, yes! I live in Dexter, and I want to catch the four o'clock train; so hurry up the specie." "All right! What's the news in Dexter? How do the crops look? How's my old triend ? Is he living there still? And by the way, what in the world can you do with specie in that little country town that Farmers & Mechanics' bills won't accomplish?" "O! never mind. Give me my money 80 that I can catch the train. The fact 18, there is a little flurry up there about the safety of your bank, and I want to make sure of my money." "Ha! Ha! Ha!" laughed the Cashier; "afraid of our bank, are they? Well, they must be getting pretty fastidious when the conservative old Farmers' and Mechanics' won't suit them. Why, my dear sir"Never mind about the pedigree your bank, but give me my money or 1 shall miss the train." "Certainly, my dear sir." (Another glance through the window, but still no Sheriff in sight.) Aside: "What shall I do!" "There, I've got only ten minutes to catch my train. If you will assure me upon honer that it is all right, and that the bank is not going to bust, I won't wait now, but if you are going to shut up I want my money. Come, how is it, old fellow?" "Really, sir," replied the polite Cashier, "you place me in a very delicate position. If I tell you the bank is safe, and anything happens hereafter, you will blame me; on the other hand, if tell you it is shaky I shall be justly discharged. I prefer not to make any statement, but simply count out your 1,000 half dollars.' (Half dollars were the principal coinage in circulation at that time.) Turning screw-driver in hand, to a strong wooden box, apparently tightly screwed together, such as silver coin was usually packed in in those days, but which the Cashier knew very well to be absolutely empty, he wiped off his brow and set himseif to work as if to an herculean task. The man glanced at the clock, then at the iron bound coin-box, then mentally