8305. Baltimore Trust Company (Baltimore, MD)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run → Suspension → Closure
Bank Type
state
Start Date
December 31, 1934
Location
Baltimore, Maryland (39.290, -76.612)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
4c61cf92

Response Measures

Borrowed from banks or large institutions, Capital injected, Full suspension

Other: Receivership proceedings initiated; court to appoint receiver and co-counsel named.

Description

Newspaper articles from late 1934 describe earlier runs and rumors about the Baltimore Trust Company, followed by the bank being described as closed and a receivership suit being anticipated (article dated 1934-12-31). Sequence: runs (driven by rumors of failure), then suspension/closure and appointment of a receiver. No evidence in these articles of a reopening.

Events (3)

1. December 31, 1934 Other
Newspaper Excerpt
Anticipating receivership suit against the old Baltimore Trust Company, which the court informed would be filed on Wednesday, depositor ... filed petition the Circuit Court asking the be heard public before the names legal the prospective receiver for the closed Baltimore Trust Company ... The petition stated ... creditor of the closed bank by virtue of having deposits in the closed bank.
Source
newspapers
2. January 9, 1935 Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
Gov. Albert Ritchie today announced that he was completely surprised by his appointment, along with J. Purdon Wright and Joseph C. France, as co-counsel to the receiver for the old Baltimore Trust Company, and that it would take him several days to make his decision in the matter.
Source
newspapers
3. * Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Widespread rumors that the bank was in bad condition; articles state rumors which involved ... the Baltimore Trust Company and great runs were made.
Measures
Calls for aid were being sent to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) and emergency meetings were held.
Newspaper Excerpt
Then came more rumors which involved the Union Trust Company and the Baltimore Trust Company, so that great runs were made upon both of these institutions.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (5)

Article from The Baltimore Sun, November 2, 1934

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PLEDGES GOOD APPOINTEES FOR OFFICES Expects To Choose Men Of Only Highest Qualifications OBJECTS TO GIVING JOBS FOR FAVORS Candidate Wants Practical Insurance Man As Commissioner (Continued from Page 24) failure upon the part of the Bank Commissioner's office to meet the situation which confronted the country immediately after the Presidential election. "However, an examination of the record discloses that over period of years prior to that time, case after case arose which should not only have put the Bank Commissioner upon otice, but should have been warning to the Chief Executive of Maryland, that steps should be taken 'then and at once to protect and safeguard the depositors in the banks. Not Matter Of Politics "It can make no difference whether these banks were officered by gentlemen who are affiliated as Republicans or Democrats. That should not enter into the question. Futhermore, am not, in any sense of the word, condemning the management of all banks. am directing my remarks against certain banks which have heretofore termed the 'political banks. If it had not been for the dismal failure of these banks, the situation in Maryland would not and could not have been so disastrous to the general public. "On December 13. 1930, the Chesapeake Bank of Baltimore was placed in the hands of the State Bank Commissioner as receiver. The record of that proceeding shows the grossest sort of negligence on the part of the Bank Commissioner and bank examiners, in permitting that institution to continue in the manner in which had been conducted. According to the official examination which was reported in those proceedings in the Circuit Court No. of Baltimore city, it appears that the reserves of this bank, required by law, were exhausted." Bank Runs Are Cited "At that time great fear was entertained and wide disseminated that the Park Bank was in bad condition. So acute was this situation, you will that there were great runs on the Park Bank and some other banks in the city of Baltimore, including the Union Trust Company. "This condition itself should have been notice to the Chief Executive of this State that the office of the Bank Commissioner of Maryland was not functioning as it should. In spite, however, of these warnings and the repeated instances of remissness in the discharge of his duties as the Bank Commissioner of Maryland, he was, nevertheless, continued in office. "It must be remembere that shortly after the failure of this bank the Legislature Legislature by the present State Democratic machine, but there was no voice raised in protest, nor single line of remedial legislation enacted. Then came more rumors which involved the Union Trust Company and the Baltimore Trust Company, so that great runs were made upon both of these institutions. Unremedied, He Says "Still, the face of this, with knowledge which the Chief Executive must be charged with, of the inefficiency of the Bank Commissioner's office, the office was permitted to be carried on under the administration of the same


Article from The Baltimore Sun, November 2, 1934

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Politicana Annapolis, Nov. 1 (P)-Confidence for Governor Ritchie and the entire Democratic ticket. that Governor Ritchie would be re- elected by majority as great or larger than the 66,000 he received in 1930 was expressed tonight by Daniel S. Sullivan, who managed Dr. Charles Conley's primary campaign at an Anne Arundel county Democratic rally held at Crystal Beach. Approximately 3,000 persons, from every section of the county, gathered in and around the auditorium to hear local candidates speak. It was one of the largest rallies ever held in the county. Sullivan, who is chairman of the Democratic campaign speakers' committee, declared the attendance showed that Anne Arundel county was safe inefficient executive. Still nothing was done to remedy this situation or to take steps to protect the money of the many thousands of depositors. [Mr. Nice here read extracts from an address by Isaac Lobe Straus relating to the banking situation.] Questions Raised "I ask you, am right when I say there must be searching, thorough and impartial investigation? Am right when say that believe that if the true facts can disclosed, there may result some additional relief to the many thousands of unfortunate depositors, through salvaging and distribution of additional sums? "Are the people of Maryland to be forever kept in ignorance of the true facts, or are we, the people of Maryland, going to find out what became of our money? Are we not entitled to know, so that at least we may be able to profit by our sad experiences and provide against such condition in the future? Much has been said and written about this matter by worthy and respectable members of the Governor's own party. Criticism Is Cited "No denunciation I can make can be more severe than that of the Governor's opponent in the late primary and other prominent members of his own party. submit to you, the present Democratic dynasty to be continued in control, at sacrifice of the people's interest, and their right to know the conditions, so that, so far as it is humanly possible, these ditions may be rectified, or at least prevented in the future? "I propose searching, thorough and impartial investigation. propose that this shall be made by commission of three distinguished outstanding citizens to be appointed by me, regardless of their party affiliations, to whom shall delegate power equal to that of legislative inquisitorial investigators, and who shall report to me, so that may report to you. ask you, whose responsibility is it that at the close of business on April 29, 1933, there was total of State funds on deposit in various institutions to $7,112,759.42, of which more than two millions had been deposited by Mr Dennis, the State Treasurer, in the Union Trust Company, of which he was the president. Points To Deposits "Over one-half million was on deposit in the Baltimore Trust Company, and approximately $200,000.00 in the Title Guarantee and Trust Company, aggregating over $3,000,000 of the State's in these three banks, practically half of the total amount of the deposits of the State. "Upon the other hand, in the five national banks-the First National Bank, the Canton National Bank, the National Marine Bank, the National Central Bank and the Western National Bank-all of unquestionable solvency, there was less than $250,000 of the State's money on deposit. "I charge that the Governor of the State of Maryland knew the condition of these failing institutions. He could not have helped knowing it. His own appointee was Bank Commissioner of the State of Maryland. It was the latter's duty to keep the Chief Magistrate of this State advised. If he failed in this duty, then the Governor was Approximately For Nice thousand persons jammed into the Baltimore Talmud Torah Hall, 22 North Broadway last night to hear Harry W. Nice, Republican candidate for Governor and other members of the State-wide ticket. The rally was held under auspices of the East End Republican Club of which Samuel G. Lipman is president. Joseph Davis presided at the meeting. Harry F. Klinefelter, For Phelps vice-president of the Twenty-seventh Ward Republican Organization, went on record last night as indorsing John Phelps, independent candidate for judge of the Supreme Bench. derelict in his duty in not compelling him to keep him advised. "For months and months, however, running into years, it was common knowledge there was something wrong. Runs were being made upon these banks. Emergency meetings were being held, calls for aid were being sent to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and large sums were secured from this source. "Why, under such circumstances. was this condition in the banking system of Maryland permitted to go on? There is only one answer. The political connections of the officers of these banks with the Democratic administration and the Chief Executive of the State were too close. The responsibility is on him and him alone. But this was not all. Long before the red flag of danger was waving over the Union Trust Company and the Baltimore Trust Company there had been two other failures in Baltimore city, to which have already referred. Way back in 1930 the Chesapeake Bank; then the Park Bank, with 80,000 or more depositors, working people, whose savings represented their all to them. "Nor were the depositors the only sufferers. Stockholders Hit, Claim "There were innocent, unsuspecting stockholders who had been led to believe that their investments in the stock of these institutions were safe. Stockholders who were induced to purchase stock of the Baltimore Trust Company within the last few weeks before its collapse, all of whose investments in this stock were wiped out completely. [At this point Mr. Nice referred at length to a description of the banking situation by Dr. Charles H. Conley an address at Hagerstown on June 19, 1934.] "Under the law of this State no stockholder be sued for double liability, save and except through receiver. It is pertinent, therefore, to inquire why the caused to be passed at the recent special session of the Legislature law preventing the appointment of receivers for these political banks, thus prohibiting the State Bank Examiner, under penalty of the law, from giving out information in connection with these political banks, safeguarding the large stockholders of such banks from being subject to double liability, and thus preventing the depositor from profiting from such action, while the stockholders of the smaller banks throughout the State were compelled to meet this obligation. This law has been extended for another year by executive proclamation. Calls Hold Too Strong "This political machine, however, built up with the people's money, was too powerful to overcome, and today the Democratic party, regard- shall not be selected for office merely less of the views of those thoughtful as reward for political favors. citizens who realized that the best "I have assured the people of this interests of their State and party State that the office of Insurance Comwould have been best served by missioner shall be filled by man of change of administration, finds itself in experience in insurance, competent and capable of fulfilling the duties the strangle hold of this Democratic which the office imposes upon him, machine. "Do those gentlemen who officered who will give his entire time to the discharge of his responsibilities. these banks and who are now straining every nerve and sinew to hold "I solemnly promise that when am elected Governor there shall be control of the State government. desire such an investigation? No. They no one appointed to fill public office have no love for the present Chief merely because of his political activiExecutive of this State, but to them ties. Appointees shall and must be he is safe. They are interested in men and women of high character and themselves, not in him. Their interest ability. is in maintaining the status quo, Refers To Auto Commissioner keeping the lid on, so that you and "What justification or excuse can the people of the State will never there be for the present automobile know the truth about these banks. who recently was ediWill Seek Advice torially called upon by The Evening "I have been questioned concerning appointments which I may make when am elected Governor. have stated, not once. but many times, that when am elected Governor, shall. in making my appointments, expect the assistance and advice of all associations which may be interested in the particular subject matter of the board or commission to be appointed. "I have laid down, as a primary principle, that there shall be minority representation on all boards and commissions. have criticized, and still criticize, the Public Service Commission as now composed. This Commission is of semi-judicial character. and, as such, its members should be and remain free from all political activities which might affect or tend to influence the exercise of their free will and judgement. "I am opposed to the practice of State Executive appointing. during the terms for which they are elected, members of the Legislature to public office or employment. Not Based On Favors "I have pledged myself that the police magistrates shall be men of high character and principle, and that they Sun to resign? For the present conservation commissioner, who has permitted an industry which, in 1919 was worth over $7,000,000 to the people of this State, to fall to such low level that today it is worth, according to the Governor's own statement, $2,000,000, and requires an expenditure of half million dollars to save it? "How can the Governor justify the appointment of an insurance sioner who lacked experience in insurance matters and who has failed to enforce the law providing for reserves to be put up by foreign insurance and casualty companies doing business in Maryland. which has caused great loss and suffering to those who have been so unfortunate as to have carried in such panies, relying upon the State insurance department to afford them


Article from The Evening Sun, December 31, 1934

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URGES HEARING GORFINE PICKED COUNSEL SPEAKER RECEIVER ENNIS Depositor In Baltimore Trust Asks Voice In Appointment ASSAILS SELECTIONS MADE PREVIOUSLY Garage Company Appeals For Choice Of terested Lawyer" Anticipating receivership suit against the old Baltimore Trust Company, which the court informed would be filed on Wednesday, positor closed trust through attorneys, today filed petition the Circuit Court asking the be heard public before the names legal the prospective receiver for The petition declared that usually the Maryland, of the Govsuggests the particular attorney become receiver's counsel in such declared part: "That however excellent In other other may been the counsel of his Excellency, Albert Ritchie, there can be but that in the of the Baltimore Trust advice entirely of that emanating from this high source should guide the chancellor. Filed By Garage Company The petition with Judge Eugene O'Dunne, the Circuit Court, was placed by the judge among the public records the court. the name Harry Winder his wife, trading the Clover Garage, creditor the closed bank virtue of having depositor. The for the Winders Gustav Sanderson, Calvin Wethered Barroll and Hood Young. The petition stated that its object secure from the order pointing as the receiver the Trust an torney who entirely free of any alliances which may prevent him from fully discharging and greatest responsibility his duty the comPrevious alleged that the counsel appointments the past normally have been guided by the the without regard whether such from acting by reason of the that either the or his assoidentified interests the stockholders, directors, officers other debtors the vent bank, who might thereby incapable of properly discharging the owed to the creditors Asking exercise by the court "vigorous, independent and judicial the petition requested the right to produce proof at before counsel The petition also that by reason of experience State's Attorney for Baltimore City acquainted with the peculiar currents and streams interest influencing affecting the legal rights of deposithe trust company, and added: added: under the circumstances here the chancellor as well the such involving its does the complete jection the judicial function to the Executive, would be peculiarly shocksince here we have an insolvent which deposited public funds State of Maryland, which funds there deposited by the joint thority of the Treasurer of Maryland the Governor.' added that with the The petition the Treasurthe State the Banking attempted to give State deposits, but that had been held partly respect. Expected To Get Party Approval At Caucus At Annapolis THIRD DISTRICT STILL SUPPORTING MEADE Lewis And Whiteford Group Fighting Candidate From City Emanuel Gorfine, attorney the House of Delegates the Fourth Legislative district, today picked the choice of the for Speaker of the House, and his nomination the caucus of the Democratic majority in Annapolis tomornight indicated. Only legislative district mained be won over to the Gorfine candidacy make him the overwhelming choice of the city delegation. leaders of the Third Legislative District Lewis Charles Whitefordstill this afternoon Hugh Allen Meade, Delegate from their district, but the forces hopeful gaining their backing for Mr. Gor- Senate Job Going To County Under the accepted practice, candidate for Speaker put the city expected to upon by the county delegations, the of the Senate slated to county representathreat to the success of the Gorfine candidacy was by seen political leaders the event that the district delegation refuses to along with that Should that trict insist upon backing some candidate in the party caucus tomornight, strong likelihood exists that the will ject both city and put their The county votes the caucus will far ber the from the city. May Switch Curran Support opposition the Third district the choice of Mr Gorfine, was admitted, may bring about switch of the Curran support. In the event the CurranEnnis necessary to abandon the Gorfine candidacy, said their next choice would probably Delegate Joseph Griesacker, Kent Mullikin, veteran Prince George's upon by the city delegates today for majority leadJames Lindsay, Jr., Baltimore county, Democratic floor leader number sessions, was not candidate for reelection to the House the election. Tormollan Joins Effort In effort bring the LewisWhiteford line Gorfine Magistrate John Tormollan delegated this afterby Curran forces interview the Third district attitude organization the contest for the Presidency today. Senator Lansdale Sasscer, Prince George's county, was indicated likely to the backing of jority the city Senators, but at least two of the five Democratic Senators from the city expected vote for other candidates Senator-elect John Callan, of the Second legislative trict, reported as backing Senator Ridgely Melvin, Anne Arundel county, and Senator this with number ocratic leaders the Senator Thurman the Fifth district, not declared legislative his choice. Formal Meeting Waits A formal meeting city was while party streamed in and out the offices of Mr. Curran. Unanimously


Article from The Washington Times, January 9, 1935

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Ritchie Surprised At Appointment BALTIMORE, Jan. 9.-Gov. Albert Ritchie today announced that he was "completely surprised" by his appointment, along with J. Purdon Wright and Joseph C. France, as co-counsel to the receiver for the old Baltimore Trust Company, and that it would take him several days to make his decision in the matter. Mr. France also deferred his decision and only Mr. Wright was positive in his acceptance of the post.


Article from The Washington Times, January 10, 1935

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'Still in Politics,' Ritchie Declares BALTIMORE, Jan. 10.-Albert C. Ritchie was back in Baltimore today, learning how it feels to be an ex-governor after 15 years at Annapolis. He made one thing clear-his intention to remain in politics. The former governor reiterated that he had not made a decision concerning his appointment as co-counsel for the receiver of the old Baltimore Trust Company. He said: "No, I'm not retiring from politics. I like the game and I am interested in the welfare of the State. I expect to do anything I can to help those in office handle the problems confronting us, the question of relief, for example. Some of us who have worked and worried about it may be able to help."