Commercial National Bank (Roanoke, VA)

Episode Information

Episode Type
Run → Suspension → Closure
Start Date
December 28, 1896
Location
Roanoke, Virginia (37.271, -79.941)
Bank Type
national
Charter Number
4026

Metadata

Response Measures

Accommodated withdrawals, Borrowed from banks or large institutions, Capital injected, Full suspension, Books examined

Notes

Cashier Davenport's resignation becoming known is repeatedly cited as the immediate trigger.

Events (6)

1. May 4, 1889 Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2. December 28, 1896 Run
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Resignation of cashier J. C. Davenport (Dec 20) became known and prompted heavy withdrawals.
Measures
Directors closed the bank's doors; suspended payment.
Newspaper Excerpt
The failure ... was caused by a run on the bank yesterday. Cashier Davenport resigned on the 20th
Source
newspapers
3. December 29, 1896 Suspension
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Immediate suspension followed a depositor run triggered by disclosure of cashier's resignation and local speculation losses.
Newspaper Excerpt
The Commercial National Bank ... closed its doors this morning ... has closed its doors and suspended payment.
Source
newspapers
4. January 4, 1897 Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
Major Samuel Griffin has been appointed receiver of the Commercial National Bank of this city, which closed its doors a week ago.
Source
newspapers
5. January 7, 1897 Other
Newspaper Excerpt
Commercial National Bank ... has raised sufficient funds with which to go into liquidation without the intervention of a receiver.
Source
newspapers
6. February 16, 1897 Voluntary Liquidation
Source
historical_nic

Newspaper Articles (24)

Article from Alexandria Gazette, December 29, 1896

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Failure of a Virginia Bank

WASHINGTON, Dec. 29.-The failure of the Commercial National Bank of Roanoke, Va., was made known to the comptroller of the currency this morn ing, and Bank Examiner Sands was placed in charge. The failure is attributable to speculation incident to the Roanoke boom. Comptroller Eckels says the failure is not important. On November 21, the date of the last report on the condition of the bank, the assets were $263,704, including bonds to secure circulation; stock, $100,000; surplus, $25,000; undivided profits, $6,000; owing depositors, $75,000; other liabilities, $35,000. LATER --The failure of the Commercial Bank was caused by a run on the bank yes terday. Cashier Davenport resigned on the 20th inst. and turned over the books in good shape to his successor and returned to his old home in Charlestown, W. Va. This fact did not become known until yesterday and is said to be the cause of the run. It is believed that all liabilities will be paid in full. No other banks are in the least affected.


Article from The Portland Daily Press, December 30, 1896

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Cause of Roanoko Failure

Roanoke, Va., Decembur 29.-The failure of the Commercial National bank which closed its doore this morning, was caused by a run on the bank yesterday. Cashier Davenport resigned on the 20th and turned over the bank's books in good shape to his successor. This fact did not become known until yesterday and is said to be the opuse of the run. It is believed that all liabilities will be paid in full. No other banks are affected.


Article from New-York Tribune, December 30, 1896

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A ROANOKE BANK FAILS

THE COMMERCIAL NATIONAL CLOSES ITS DOORS ON ACCOUNT OF A RUN. Reanoke, Va., Dec. 29.-The - failure of the Commercial National Bank, which closed its doors this morning, was caused by a run on the bank yesterday. Cashier Davenport resigned on December 20. and turned over the bank's books In good shape to his successor, and returned to his old home in Charlestown, W. Va. This fact did not become known until yesterday. and is said to be the cause of the run. it is believed that all liabilities will be paid in full. No other banks are affected. Washington, Dec. 29.-The failure of the Commercial National Bank of Roanoke, Va., was made known to the Controller of the Currency by telegraph to-day and Mr. Eckels immediately instructed Bank Examiner Sands to take charge. inThe failure is attributed partly to speculation eldent to the Roanoke boom. Mr. Eckels says that the failure is not important.


Article from The Norfolk Virginian, December 30, 1896

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N BANK FAILS

The Commercial Closes Its Doors-All Liabilities will Be Paid. Roanoke, Va., Dec. 29.-The Commerelal National Bank closed its doors this morning. The failure was caused by a run on the bank yesterday. Cashier Davenport resigned on the 20th instant and turned over the books in good shape to his successor, and returned to his old home in Charlestown, W. Va. This fact did not become known until yesterday, and is said to be the cause of the run. The deposits were slightly over $50,000. and it is believed that all liabilities will be paid in full. Bank Examiner Sands Is en route here to take charge. No other banks are in the least affected. Washington, D. C., Dec. 29.-The failare of the Commercial National Bank of Roanoke. Va., was made known to the Comptroller of the Currency by telegraph this morning; and Comptroller Eckels immediately wired Bank Examiner Sands to take charge. The failure is attributed partly to speculation Incident to the Roanoke boom. Mr. Eckels says the failure is not important. On November 21st, the date of the last report on the condition of the bank, the assets were $263,704, in-


Article from The Scranton Tribune, December 30, 1896

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Virginia Bank Fails

Roanoke, Va., Dec: 29.-The failure of the Commercial National bank, which closed its doors this morning, was caused by a run on the bank yesterday. It is believed all liabilities will be paid in full. No other banks are in the least affected.


Article from The San Francisco Call, December 30, 1896

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SMALLER FAILURES

The Roanoke Commercial National Bank Closes. ROANOKE, VA., Dec. 29.-The Commercial National Bank of this city closed its doors to-day. WASHINGTON, D. C., Dec. .-The failure of the Commercial Bank of Roanoke, Va., was made known to the Comptroller by telegraph, and he immediately wired Bank Examiner Sands to take charge. The failure is attributed partly to speculation incident to the Roanoke boom. Eckels says the failure is not important. SIOUX CITY, Iowa, Dec. 29.-On application of W. T. Honsinger, vice-president and a large shareholder in the Farmers' Trust Company of this place, G. H. Hollister was to-day appointed receiver for the institution. The tightness of the money market made it impossible for the company to meet its debentures. Receiver Hollister estimates assets of $238,000 and liabilities of $135,000.


Article from The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer, December 30, 1896

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DEPOSITORS WILL NOT LOSE A Henvy Run Causes a Roanoke Bank to Close Its Doors. ROANOKE, Va., Dec. 29-The Commercial National Bank, of this city, closed Its doors this morning by order of the board of directors. The cause or the trouble was a heavy run on the bank yesterday by the depositors. On December 9. J. C. Davenport. cashier. resigned and his successor was elected. The matter was kept quiet until Sunday night, when Davenport left the city for his home in Charleston, W. Vn., and It is stated that as soon as this became known, " general run was made on the bank. and It was compelled to go to the wall. The officials say that depositors will be paid in full.


Article from The Houston Daily Post, December 30, 1896

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ECKELS ON THE SITUATION

He Feels No Apprehension on Account of Recent Failures. Washington, December 29.-Comptroller of the Currency Eckels said this afternoon that he feels no apprehension over the bank failures which have occurred of late. Two more failures, the Commercial National bank of Roanoke, Va., and the Columbia National bank of Minneapolis, were added to the list today. They were comparatively small institutions, however, and under ordinary circumstances their failure, it is said, would attract only passing attention. Mr. Eckels when asked today by a representative of the Associated Press as to the general banking situation said: "Of course bank failures are more of less disquieting, but those which have 00curred recently. have little or no general significance attached to them. They were due largely to local causes, wholly unconnected with the general condition of the banks through the country at large. The case of the Atlas bank was not a failure at all, but was a mere voluntary liquidation, every depositor being paid in full. The two failures today were of minor import$200,000. ance, in each case the assets being only "As against these failures, based on local causes, the general condition of the banks is excellent. The reports received under the last call, that of December 17, are uniformly favorable and show an average reserve held of considerably above the 25 per cent required by law. "One of the last reports, that of the Brooklyn banks, show the average reserve held to be 34.02 per cent and most of the reports run 5 or 10 per cent above the 10gal requirements. "In each case the assets in detail make an entirely satisfactory showing as compared with the liabilities. On the whole it is evident that the National banks today are as stable as they ever were, and the sporadic failures of a bank here and there through defects poculiar to the failing bank is of little importance and wholly without general significance. I am advised from Minneapolis that the failure there has occasioned no disturbance beyond the institution concerned."


Article from The Providence News, December 30, 1896

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NOT APPREHENSIVE

Comptroller of the Currency Says National Banks Are All Right. Washington, Dec. 30.-Comptroller of the Currency Eckels said yesterday afternoon that he feels no apprehension over the bank failures which have occurred of late, Two more failures-the Commercial National bank of Roanoke, Va., and the Columbia National of Minneapolis-were added to the list yesterday, They are comparatively small Institutions, however, and under ordinary circumstances their failures, it is said, would attract only passing attention. Mr. Eekels, when asked as to the general banking situation, said: "Of course bank failures are more or less disquieting, but those which have occurred recently have little or no general significance attached to them. They were due largely to local causes wholly disconnected with the general condition of the banks to the country at large. The case of the Atlas bank was not a failure at all, but was a mere voluntary liquidation, every depositor being paid in full. The two failures yesterday are of minor importance. As against these few failures, based on local causes, the general condition of the banks is excellent. The reports received under the last call-that of Dec. 17-are uniformly favorable and show an average reserve held of considerable above the 25 per cent required by the law. One of the last reports, that of the Brooklyn banks, shows the average reserve held to be 34.02 per cent, and most of the reports run 5 or 10 per cent above the legal requirements. In each case, too, the assets in detail make an entirely satisfactory showing as compared with the liabilities. On the whole it is evident that national banks are as stable as they ever were, and the sporadic failure of a bank here and there through defects peculiar to the failing banks is of small importance, wholly without significance. I am advised from Minneapolis that the failure there has occasioned no disturbance beyond the institution concerned."


Article from The Sauk Centre Herald, December 31, 1896

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Failure at Roanoke

WASHINGTON, Dec. 30.-Controller Eckels was wired notice that the Commercial National bank of Roanoke, Va., has closed its doors and suspended payment. Bank Examiner Sands was sent to take charge of the institution.


Article from The Columbia Herald, January 1, 1897

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Virginia Bank Fails

ROANOKE, va., Dec. 29.-The Commercial National Bank closed its doors this morning. The failure was caused by a run on the bank yesterday.


Article from Little Falls Weekly Transcript, January 1, 1897

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Failure at Roanoke

WASHINGTON, Dec. 30.-Controller Eckels was wired notice that the Commercial National bank of Roanoke, Va., has closed its doors and suspended payment. Bank Examiner Sands was sent to take charge of the institution.


Article from Spirit of the Age, January 2, 1897

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Caused by a Run on the Bank. ROANOKE, Va., Jan. 1-The - failure of the Commercial National Bank, which closed its doors recently, was caused by a run on the bank. Cashier Davenport resigned Dec. 20, and turned over the bank's books in good shape to his successor.


Article from Chicago Eagle, January 2, 1897

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Virginia Bank Suspends

Comptroller of the Currency Eckels has telegraphic notice that the Commercial National Bank of Roanoke, Va., has closed its doors and suspended payment. Bank Examiner Sands was sent to take charge of the institution.


Article from The Roanoke Daily Times, January 3, 1897

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Atlanta, Jan. 2. —The Journal this afternoon prints the following signed statement from Comptroller of the Currency Eckels:

"Washington, Jan. 2. "To the Atlanta Journal: "The bank failures which have occurred have been entirely due to local conditions and in almost every instance defects peculiar to the institutions failing. This is strikingly so in the case of the Commercial National Bank, at Roanoke, Va., and as much so in the failed bank in Texas some weeks since.

"The same may be said of all the national banks failing since November 1, and I imagine the same thing will hold good in the State and private banking houses which have ceased to do business. "The banking institutions of the South made, with here and there an exception, a remarkably good showing during the panic of 1893 and the financial distress then was general and acute. No such condition now exists nor will occur upon the one hand, while on the other during the years since then liquidation has gone on, bad paper has been weeded out, and the banks are stronger in cash means. There is no basis for any expectation that either now or in the future the South or any other section of the country will suffer from more than the ordinary number of bank failures incident to the accumulation of slow assets and bad methods of banking. I certainly do not apprehend any difficulty beyond that due to the causes I have stated. "If the attention of the country could be directed towards attending to business affairs in a business way, undisturbed by "wars and rumors of wars" and promises of renewed and continued agitations, the country would enter upon an era of prosperity which in the largest measure would fall to the lot of the people of the South. "The South to-day offers a marvelously rich field for investment, and the capital is at hand to be invested but it will not go there or elsewhere when disquieting rumors are to be met with an uncertainty as to gaining a return for it, confronts the investor. "The opportunity presented to Americans to become rich, prosperous and happy by confining themselves strictly to the immediate needs of their own country was never so great as at this present moment.

"JAMES H. ECKELS, "Comptroller of the Currency."


Article from Spirit of Jefferson, January 5, 1897

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A Failure at Roanoke

ROANOKE, Va., Dec. 29.-The Commercial National Bank of Roanoke closed its doors this morning by order of the directors. The cause of the trouble was a heavy run on he bank yesterday by depositors. J. C. Davenport, the cashier, resigned December 9 and a successor was elected. This was kept quiet until Sunday night, when Mr. Davenport left the city for his home in Charles Town, W. Va. It is stated that as soon as this became known a general run was made on the bank. Mr. Davenport had been in the employ of the bank some years and his books were. correct in every particular, Officials say that depositors will be paid in full. The liabilities are about $65,000 and the assets are estimated to be worth double that amount.


Article from Richmond Dispatch, January 5, 1897

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the MAGIC CITY

Hustings Coart-The Defunct National Commercial Bank. ROANOKE, VA., January 4.-(Special.) The January term of the Hustings Court began to-day, Judge J. W. Woods, presiding. The grand jury has several cases before it. but as yet no indictments have been made. J. H. Morris, the man accused of shooting at John Holliday, a barber, last Saturday night, was fined $10 in the Police Court to-day for carrying concealed weapons, and sent on to await the action of the grand jury on the charge of attempting to shoot the barber. Major Samuel Griffin has been appointed by Comptroller Eckels receiver of the Commercial National Bank of this city, which closed its doors a week ago. It is understood that an effort will be made on the part of the directors of the bank to negotiate the assets of the concern, and arrange to pay off the depositors and wind up the institution themselves. This action, if it is taken at all by the board, will probably be taken tomorrow or Wednesday. The reason assigned for this proposed course is that the Board of Directors can wind up their own affairs at less cost than by letting the settlement go through the regular channels. The Southwest Virginia Trade and Labor Council, composed of all the union organizations of Roanoke, was organized here last Sunday afternoon, with C. E. Gray, president.


Article from The Times, January 5, 1897

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ROANOKE'S BROKEN BANK, A Receiver in Charge-Will Pay Off Its Depositors-The Hustings Court. ROANOKE, VA., Jan. 4.-Special.-Mafor Samuel Griffin has been appointed receiver of the Commercial National Bank, which recently closed its doors. It is said that the board of directors of the bank will attempt to wind up its affairs by first paying off all depositors. The January term of the Hustings Court began to-day. The grand jury was sworn and instructed in the different degrees of murder and the felony cases before the court set for trial. The foreman of the grand jury is C. A. Moomaw, and there are two colored men on the jury.


Article from Eagle River Review, January 7, 1897

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Virginia Bank Suspends, Comptroller of the Currency Eckels has telegraphic notice that the Commercial National Bank of Roanoke, Va., has closed its doors and suspended payment. Bank Examiner Sands was sent to take charge of the institution.


Article from Crawford Avalanche, January 7, 1897

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Virginia Bank Suspends

Comptroller of the Currency Eckels has telegraphic notice that the Commercial National Bank of Roanoke, Va., has closed its doors and suspended payment. Bank Examiner Sands was sent to take charge of the institution.


Article from The Roanoke Daily Times, January 8, 1897

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GOOD NEWS

Commercial National Depositors Will be Paid in Full. Washington, Jan. 7.-The comptroller of the currency has received information that the Commercial National Bank, of Roanoke, Va., which suspended some time ago, has raised sufficient funds with which to go into liquidation without the intervention of a receiver.


Article from The Saint Paul Globe, January 8, 1897

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RECEIVERS NAMED

Pending the Resumption of Suspended National Banks. WASHINGTON Jan. 7.-The comptroller of the currency has appointed Bank Examiner Blading temporary receiver of the First National Bank, of Sioux City, and Examiner Anheirr receiver of the Citizens National of Fargo, N. D. Both of these appointments are temporary, pending resumption. Bank Examiner Turtilot has been appointed receiver of the Second National Bank, of Grand Forks, N. D. The comptroller has re eived information that the Commercial National Bank, of Roanoke, Va., which suspended some time ago, has raised sufficient funds with which to go into liquidation without the intervention of a receiver. Denver, Col., Jan. 7.-The American National Bank reopened today under new management, with $600,000 cash on hand to meet the liabilities and conduct business. There remains but $200,000 of liabilities to be provided for out of all the other assets of the bank. Eau Claire, Wis., Jan. 7.-The Commercial Bank of Eau Claire, capital $30,000, closed today. The failure is due to the suspension of the Allemannia bank, of St. Paul. President Allen states that the Eau Claire institution will wind up affairs, and that depositors will be paid in full.


Article from The Roanoke Daily Times, January 9, 1897

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A SETTLED FACT

The Commercial Depositors to be Paid Within Two Weeks. The depositors of the Commercial National Bank, of this city, are now assured that they will get all their money back dollar for dollar in the course of the next ten days or two weeks. It has been an open secret here for nearly a week that the National Exchange Bank and the First National Bank were making are rangements to purchase the assets of the Commercial National and assume enough of the liabilities to make good to depositors the payment of all the money they had in the bank when its doors were closed. This agreement has been reached between the officers of the two first mentioned banks and the directors and stockholders of the Commercial National: but as nothing could be done without the approval of Comptroller Eckels, it was necessary that he be made acquainted with the proposed arrangement before any further steps were taken. This was done and as was announced in the dispatch from Washington published in yesterday's Times, the proposal met with the approval of the comptroller, who has authorized that liquidation of the bank's affairs be commenced at once. According to the agreement, the National Exchange and the First National Banks have loaned the Commercial an equal amount each, with which to pay all depositors, and as soon as the papers have been signed, the depositors will be notified as to which of these banks will pay them their money. The securities given the other banks by the Commercial are believed to be ample to indemnify them against loss, but as the stockholders of the Commercial are responsible for the full amount of their stock until the entire obligation is discharged the investment is regarded as a perfectly safe one in all respects. It is not, however, believed that the stockholders will be called upon to help out the liquidation, as it is thought that the assets of the bank will be amply sufficient to meet all its obligations. As the Commercial National Bank had on hand when it closed its doors $22,000 in cash assets and good collateral, it would seem that there never was any reason for closing its doors in such a hurried manner. It developed the fact, however, that the management of the bank had


Article from The Roanoke Daily Times, January 9, 1897

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The announcement from Washington that the Commercial National Bank, of this city, will go into liquidation without the intervention of a receiver is gratifying intelligence; but Is fully in accord with the information published heretofore in The Times. Those well informed concerning the matter predict that all depositors will be paid in full in a short time.