20794. Farmers & Merchants Bank (Memphis, TN)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Suspension → Reopening
Bank Type
state
Start Date
October 24, 1839
Location
Memphis, Tennessee (35.150, -90.049)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
146e8610

Response Measures

None

Description

OCR and contemporary sources use both Farmers & Mechanics and Farmers & Merchants. Article 1 (1838) lists Farmers & Mechanics Bank of Memphis, and the suspension notices (1839) refer to Farmers and Mechanics. I therefore corrected the provided name to Farmers & Mechanics Bank. Dates in different papers conflict slightly (one paper says 'followed suit' Oct. 25; another says 'suspended on the 24th'); I use 1839-10-24 as the reported suspension date (see events). There is no direct report of a depositor run or of receivership in the provided articles; state legislature debate about resumption suggests eventual reopening efforts, so I classify as suspension_reopening (no explicit reopening article provided, but no evidence of permanent failure). Cause is taken as distress among other Tennessee banks (not a specific solvency scandal or a rumor).

Events (1)

1. October 24, 1839 Suspension
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
Banks across Tennessee (including Nashville banks) had suspended specie payments and the Farmers & Mechanics Bank of Memphis followed suit; suspension appears driven by broader state banking suspensions/conditions rather than a depositor run or a discrete rumor.
Newspaper Excerpt
The Farmers and Mechanics Bank at Memphis, Tennessee, suspended on the 24th.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (4)

Article from Lexington Union, December 22, 1838

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Article Text

# BANK CONVENTION. At meeting of the delegates from the Banks of Mississippi and Tennessee, convened at the Commercial & Rail Road Bank of Vicksburg, the following Banks were represented, viz: Farmers & Mechanics Bank of Memphis; Planters Bank, Natchez; Agricultural Bank, Commercial & Rail Road Bank of Vicksburg, West Feliciana Rad Road & Banking Company, Commercial Bank of Natchez, Commercial Bank of Manchester, Commercial Bank of Rodney, Bank of Lexington, Vicksburg Waterworks & Banking Company, Mississippi Rail Road Company, Citizens Bank of Madison County, Mississippi Union Bank, Real Estate Banking Company of Hinds County, Bank of Vicksburg. On motion, H G Runnels was called to the Chair, and J J Chewning was appointed Secretary. On motion, Resolved, That Messers. J Wood and George G Skipwith of Nashville, be invited to take a seat in this Convention. The following resolutions was offered by Stephen Duncan: Resolved, That the first monday in January next be the period fixed on for a resumption of specie payments by the Banks represented in this Convention; provided the delegates from the Union Bank of Mississippi will give assurance that the post notes of that Bank will be redeemed with specie, or its equivalent, when presented at her counter. On motion to strike out all after the word "provided," the yeas and nays being called, the vote stood thus; Ayes. E Montgon.ery, of Planters Bank; M B Irmer, Commercial Bank of Manchester; J C Bole, Lexington Bank; S P Webster, Vicksburg W W & Banking Co; J A Quitman, Miss. R R Co; W Hardeman, Citizens Bank of Madison county; H G Runnels and R M Williamson, Mississippi Union Bank. Nays-E W Lucas, of Famers and Mechanics Bank, Memphis; S Duncan, Agricultural Bank, J J Chewning, Com. & R R Bank of Vicksburg; G H Gordon, West Feliciana R R & Banking Co; L R Marshall, Com. Bank of Natchez; Thos. Freeland, Com, Bank of Rodney; A M Paxton, Bank of Vicksburg. This being a tie, the motion was lost. S P Webster proposed to strike out all the above resolutions, after the word "resolved," and proposed the following as a substitute: Whereas, in the opinion of this Convention, a resumption of specie payments by the Banks of Mississippi on the first day of January next, would be prejudicial to the interest of the community, for the following, among other reasons: 1. Because the month of January is the middle of the business season, and the period of the year when both planter and merchant stand in most need of all the bank facilities which can be afforded them. 2. Because it is the season of the year at which the largest amount of engagements have usually been made to fall due, and causes the months of January and February, in ordinary times, to be seasons of peculiar pressure in the money market. 3. Because the engagements maturing in January and February have, to a considerable extent, been passed to foreign creditors, and would immediately be demanded in specie or Eastern exchange. 4. Because of the present high rate of exchange against this state, in which condition a resumption of specie payments is unprecedented in any state of nation. The recent resumption in New York not being made until exchange had been for a period of two months in their favor, and in Philadelphia not until five months after that condition of things existed and at a time when the importation of specie by the banks of those places was a business of profit. 5. Because a resumption in January would cause the whole bank note circulation of the State to come in upon the banks, and leave the state without a circulating medium at all, to the great detriment of trade, and to the utter ruin of all who have money to pay at our spring courts, or provisions to purchase for the coming season. 6. Because it would be a burden of from 2 to 5 percent. of their whole circulation, upon the resuming banks without corresponding benefit to any class of persons, other than the Northen holders of our circulation, who have purchased it on speculation at from 15 to 40 percent discount.


Article from True American, October 31, 1839

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Article Text

From the Memphis Enquirer of the 25th, we learn that all the Nashville banks had suspended specie pay` mente. The Farmers and Merchants' bank of Memphis, had followed suit. The Senate of Tennessee had passed a preamble and resolution nominating Van Buren for the Presidency, and Gov. Polk for the Vice- Presidency.


Article from Morning Herald, November 19, 1839

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Article Text

# MONEY MARKET. Monday, Nov. 15-6 P. M. The market this morning gave symptoms of much greater ease than for some time back. The momentary expectation of news by the British Queen, caused a general want of anima-hon. At the stock boar 1, the sales were large, at a general improvement, and in many cases at a large advance over the rates of Saturday. U. S. Bank improved 3 per cent, North American Trust and Banking, 1½ per cent; American Exchange Bank, 2½; Mechanics Banking Association, 1½; Harlem, ½; Stonington ½; Delaware & Hudson, 1. Philadelphia money is quite in demand, and has improved 2 per cent since Saturday. Rhode island money is very scarce, and may be quoted from 2 to 5 per ct. In western money there is no material change. Specie is continually arriving in the city. The brig Mobile, from Mobile, brought $50,000 in specie to J. J. Palmer, $9,0.0 to Prime, Ward & King, $1,000 to Jacob Little, $300 to W. & A. Kelly. Most of the western de ders who have arrived in the city during the past fortnight, have brought sums in specie, varying from $500 to $2,000, in prefer-ence to drafts or money, at the present rate of New York funds, and on the return of strangers either to the east, the west, or the south, they take the currency of their particular section with them. A great deal of specie has come here during the past week, for investment in sterling bills. The rate here has varied from 4 to 9 per cent premium, r $4,62 a $4 84 the pound sterling, and in Philadelphia and Baltimore, 19½ a 20 premiam From all these sources, nearly $1,000,000 has arrived in this city within one fortnight, as follows: From Phil delpia, $450,000 " Baltimore, 175,000 " the South, 260.000 " country, 115,000 $1,000,000 The Farmers and Mechanics Bank at Memphis, Tennessee, suspended on the 24th. The banks of Mineral point and Shanwee-


Article from Richmond Enquirer, November 22, 1839

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Article Text

sign his scal." "-The Intelligencer had better take A little counsel in its wrath. No such instructions can be car. ried We doubt much whether they could prevail in either House. IJ Yesterday's Petersburg Intelligencer corrects its former error, and now confines its instruction to the H. of Delegates But can they even pass there; or would their resolution alone compel Mr. Roane to obey, or re sign his seat? This is not "giving him his own Physic.' BANKS, STOCKS, &c TENNESSEE - The Lower House of the Tennessee Legislature have 1.nd under consideration a resolution which required the State Bank of Tennessee and branches to resome specie payments forthwith On the 8th, the House passed in its stead the following resolution: Resolved by the General Assembly of the State of Tennessee, That the Bank of Tennessee, the Union Bank, the Planters' Bank. the Farmers' and Merchants' Bank of Memphis, and all other banks in Tennessee, and all their branches, are hereby required to resume and continue the payment of specie for all of their obligations that are due. and as fast nathey become due and are presented for payment: Provided, That the Bank of Tennessee shall not be required to resume the payment of specie forthwith, unless the Union and Planters' Banks will agree to resume, and do resume the payment of specie at the same time. Adopted, the aves and nors being called by the following vote: ayes 62, noes 11." The Committee on Banks in the House have also reported a bill to provide for the appointment of a Board of (three) Bank Commissioners and for the regulation of Banks within the State. The bill provides that the Banks shall limit their circulation to 150 per cent, on the capital paid in and 300 per cent. on their specie, exclusive of deposites; that they shall pay the original amount of their notes altered to a large amount in the course of circulation; that the notes of the Bank pre. sented for and refused payment in specie, shall be endorsed accordingly by the Cashier or Teller, and there. after bear an interest of 10 per cent. per annum until paid; that a writ of mandamus shall issue against all banks suspending specie payments for a longer period than thirty days in any one year, the affairs of the bank to be closed by the Commissioners under bond to the judge issuing the writ," &c, &c The N Y. Express says, that "Of the British manufactured goods sent to this country to be sold, the greater part remains unsold and in store. This 18 one reason why Exchanges is so bad, there being nothing from this source to remit. This will be bad news, we presume, to British manufacturers, but it is better that the goods be unsold than sold and not paid for. The goods that have been geized by the Custom house authorities are gradu ally being freed. Some compromises are taking place with the Collector, and there is now no reason to fear the great losses on Woolens apprehended some time ago. The N. York Journal of Commerce of Monday says, that Southern funds have improved very much on some points. Bayers are quite plenty and sellers scarce.Money affairs look decidedly better. The banks are dis. counting more freely. and specie is arriving in still in creasing quantities Stocks are higher Flour Is dull Common western is $525, and Ohio $6 a $612 with but few buyers. There is very little movement in cotton, and lower prices are constantly insisted on by buyers." A N York print gives the following letter from Phila delphia, (we know not on what authority the information is given:) "The impression that our banks will resume specie payments at a very early day appears to gain strength, and as there has been ample time afforded for the con traction of business, as well as reduction of obligations to be metal our banking institutions, the general feeling is in favor of such a course, even at the sacrifice of those individuals that have not sufficient capital to sustain themselves. or taken advantage of the opportunities af forded them of confining their business to a more limited sphere RESUMPTION IN CISCISSATI -The Cincinnati Gazelle says:-"The resumption of specie payments by our Banks has not been attended by any run upon them. It is looked upon, as it really is, as a matter of necessity, and has been entirely without effect upon our money market. In the menantime, our merchants feel the effects of the times more severely every day."