19172. Second Bank of the United States (Philadelphia, PA)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run Only
Bank Type
federal
Start Date
November 1, 1825*
Location
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (29.955, -90.075)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
1c85d92d

Response Measures

Accommodated withdrawals

Description

Articles describe heavy withdrawals / a run on the Second Bank in November 1825 and recount how Biddle and agents intercepted drafts and moved specie to meet demands. No suspension or permanent closure of the bank is mentioned in these excerpts. Cause attributed to pressure from branches/agents (New Orleans drafts and cashier defalcation), i.e., distress related to correspondent/branch operations.

Events (1)

1. November 1, 1825* Run
Cause
Correspondent
Cause Details
Heavy drafts and distress originating from the New Orleans branch (cashier absconding/defalcation and large drafts) precipitated heavy withdrawals in Philadelphia.
Measures
Biddle intercepted the New Orleans agent, arranged for specie shipments and honored drafts to meet withdrawals; agent was prevailed upon to take specie.
Newspaper Excerpt
In Philadelphia, in November, 1825, the run upon ... had become great, that its resources in coin did not amount to several millions of dollars, while Mr. Biddle received notice of a draft upon the Bank ... he prevailed upon him ... to take nothing but specie ... the bank was saved
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (3)

Article from Phenix Gazette, December 30, 1825

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Article Text

DEFAULTER. Some ten days ago, letters were received in this city, announcing the suspension of the Cashier of the Branch of the United States Bank, at New-Orleans, and that on investigation, he was found to be a defaulter for $24,000, which was immediately paid by his securities. Some days subsequently, letters said a further deficiency was discovered of $20,000, and that the Cashier could not be found. The last intelligence is that a still further deficiency is discovered-and confirming the flight of the Cashier. How far these representations are true, we cannot say; perhaps the case is exaggerated, but there can be no doubt something is wrong. Although the circumstance has been spoken of very unreservedly, we have forborne to mention it heretofore, hoping there might be some mistake, as we did not see it noticed in the New-Orleans papers. It is said that the Cashier had speculated largely in Cottons the last season. From the N.Orl. Mer. Advertiser, Dec. 8. We have heard a statement made, which if true, would at once demonstrate the inutility of silence ever being observed by the press on subjects of general interest. The newspapers of N. Orleans have, one & all, refrained from noticing misfortunes which seemed unavoidable. The most exaggerated reports, notwithstanding, are current, in this and the adjacent states; & so powerful are the fears of the Planters, as regards the solidity of our merchants, that few, very few indeed will send ther cropsto market, albeit a large portion is ready for embarkation, and the weather and roads are uncommonly favorable for the transportation.


Article from The Virginian, January 5, 1826

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Article Text

DEFAULTER. MOBILE, Dec. 6 -Some ten days ago, letters were ree lived in this city. anounce ing the suspension of the Cashier of the Branch of the United States Bank, at N. Orleans. and that on investigation he was found to be a defaulter for $24,000 which was immediately paid by his securities.some letters said a farther deficience was discovered of $20,000. and that the Cashier could not be found. The last intelligence is, that a still farther deficiency is discovered-and confirming the flight of the Cashier. How farthese representations are troewe cannot say ;per haps the case is exagerated, but there can be no doubt something is wrong. Although the circumstance, has been smoken very unreservedly, we have fortoene to mention it heretofore hoping that there might b some mistake, as we did not see it 11 priced in the Ne Orleans P pers I. is said the the Cashier had speculated largely in Cot ton, the last season. [Register. Percival's Poems.-An edition.of Perci val's Poems, in 3 vols. Svo has lately bee published in London. Minster to Guatamala. - The Knoxvil Register, of the 9th informs 119 that Colon Williams has accepted the appointment Charge d' Affairs to Guatamala, or rath to Central America. Col. Williams b: arrived at the Seat of Government. Rufus King.--Nitwithstanding the junction of secrecy, in these matters seems to be well understood in Washin ton. (says the Alexandria Gazette,) that appointment of Mr King as a Minis Plenipotentiary to Great Britain, has be confirmed by the Senate, after a very fi


Article from Richmond Enquirer, November 15, 1842

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Article Text

POLITICS. (From the appeals Natchez to Free the Trader.) honest Democrats if Our neighbor they do not religiously existence believe during the we to say whether United States Bank in averted the state of had had the it would not have the country in ruin. last eix which years, has overwhelmed we consider the ques- it things answer him, although of the people, that tion We so will firmly settled in the minds to argue against a system of a alread is like throwing dead and away entombed, time and in no danger States resurrection. He who comes have to done the any conclusion thing financial towards that the diffenities improving U. Bank condition would during the passed, years forgets of the history of of the the through our which we five have years of its existence, life and for that country during of preserving its own precarious prove from the his. difficulty It is a very easy matter U. to S. Bank never ex. did time. the country, that the control over the tory of a regular and efficient country, or over the issues exercise change or business institutions. of the Buton the contrary, impelled when- it to of the its State interests or political and policy was always found increase ever its lead issues, in the it inflations did so, which has were ever read so ruinous Niles' taking to the country. the Every from one who 1817 to 1822, the country Register, knows greater that inundation of five worthless years, paper when suffered a much has during the last that the only in money than with it the population; and for evil. We all fluence know compared that which in 1923, aimost the 1831, Bank one and hundred had, 1834, was per the banks cent., Mr. and Gallatin expand. that ed the their regulator issues was always in one the hundred van. and sixty five says, that from although 1811 to during 1830, a greater It part is well of this known, time the banks U. broke, S. Bank was in existence. the creation of the Bank, or too, that for five of years great after doubt whether for it the would evils live unit was a matter instead of being the remedy it was considered in die, and which the country labored, author of their embarross. many der of the so States obnoxious as the had it several become, of that the States, incans ments, and the Legislatures of and on the were its branches beyond in Congress to to drive taken February, by 1819, it was their moved borders; Harrison voted for 10th of and General existence of the repeal the also charter, known, that the very becoming the It is saved by Mr. Cheves curtailments it. institution was But it is also known, that this, the caused the President. made in order to effect distress and commer- Nor greatest which were amount of suffering, the country. cial embarrassment of throughout general distress and great embarrass- Bank were the these only years times in the history of the this currency, as when ment it utterly itself from failed to the regulate danger of being earth hurried well the as to receptacle save of all the lost things the mother on Bank into November, 1825, the run upon 80 great, that its re. in In Philadelphia, had become reach a hundred thousand millions. sources in coin did notes not amounted to several from New dollars, while its Mr. Biddle received for notice a sum of money At this crisis, draft upon the Bank whole available cash Orleans, in specie, of greatly a exceeding At that the moment he was also of resources of the the arrival Bank. in New York of draft the belonged. agent New Orleans, to York in the lost no time, but set reached there in time to informed the bank of in off for whom New the night, inter- inand He by hard travelling prevailed upon him, although draft on cept the agent, to take and nothing but specie, the to amount take a of the N. structed Charleston, South Carolina, was the for bank saved from the the dex caOrleans draft. Thus befel her at a later useless period by to enumetastrophe of Mr. which Biddle. It is which almost the U. States Bank terity rate the times and ways which in its advocates now pre- In failed to will-but do the good we will cite another instance. to Northern tend it Tariff act had given an impetus to embark manufactories, 1823 the which caused by speculators reason of which. States mo largely became in their more establishment; valuable in Union. the New To England meet the dethan ney any other portion and of the to purchase large quantities that sec. mand manufactured for this purpose goods, the bank amount shipped of off the to notes of of tion of the country Southwestern an immense branches, just as she in her Southern and in New Orlears in 1836-7-3, New Eng shipped her cotton own with notes The local Banks the of United States purchase the branches of these notes in land, in as that will Fection, as refused to receive for dutiee. The depayments Bank made to them, being except small when compared below to mand for this purpose depreciated in the market and the circulation, they State Banks, and were bought name of the issues the of brokers the at a discount, instead under of the regulating sold custom-house by money. the currency Thus, and exchanges, chief it leader could other banks and its If, but was notoriously of the the currencynot regulate expansion and contraction at the nexi reducing the in one every moment inflating of the and country, thereby rendering unsettlinz all the circulating monetary medium affairs of the nation, and businees a lottery. of the existence of the eight last revulsions Bank, a period in the bu23 During years, we had no less the than country. The fluctuations sinc53 and currency of 20 to 40 per cent. in the be course such in the latter being from not prevent these, if it who at of a year. Why did it and currency? He, a potent charm with to business all the experience of a of Bank, the past is placing staring him faith in against the face, fact, speculation against this late day. argues in favor experience.