19143. Philadelphia Bank (Philadelphia, PA)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Suspension → Reopening
Bank Type
state
Start Date
October 1, 1839*
Location
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (39.952, -75.164)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
6116f32d

Response Measures

None

Description

October 1839 suspension of specie payments by Philadelphia banks is described. Articles describe a general suspension (no specific depositor run on the Philadelphia Bank is reported) and indicate intent/expectation to resume specie payments later. Cause tied to heavy drafts/specie outflows (broader panic). No receivership or permanent closure mentioned.

Events (1)

1. October 1, 1839* Suspension
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Heavy drafts and large demand for specie (specie outflow/foreign drafts) leading banks to decline to redeem notes in specie; broader regional suspension in Philadelphia and Baltimore during October 1839.
Newspaper Excerpt
yesterday morning... a general suspension took place.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (2)

Article from Martinsburg Gazette, October 17, 1839

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Article Text

that, unless the banks extended their accommoda- tione, serious distress would inevitably follow-and that matters had now assumed such a shape that either the banks must enlarge their facilities, or that trade must be prostrated. In this contingency he said, the Board he represented were clearly of opinion that if the foreign drafts upon the banks were such as to make them fearful of discounting largely, they ought at once to suspend specie pay- ments. After this statement he withdrew, and the representatives of the different banks who were present discussed at length the matter presented to them. Finally, a motion was made (and carried) that under existing circumstances 'it was inexpedi- ent to suspend specie payments;' and, upon this motion the banks through their delegates, voted as follows: In the affirmative, the banks of North America, Pennsylvania, Commercial, Penn Town- ship, Philadelphia, Manufacturers' and Mechanics', Northern Liberties, Mechanics', and Farmers' and Mechanics, 9; and in the negative, the United States, Girard, Southwark, Western, and Schuylkill 5; and then the meeting adjourned indefinitely. "Yesterday morning, notwithstanding the reso- lution of the previous evening, several of the banks immediately upon opening, declined to redeem their notes in specie, and as soon as the fact became known to the others a general suspension took place." The New Yorker of the 12th inst., in speaking of the Suspension, has the following:-" But the worst feature of the case is the consideration that the same causes which have produced suspension in Philadelphia will probably exert the same influ- ence elsewhere; and we now expect to hear, by re- turn of mail, of a General Suspension throughout the country south of the Delaware. We have hopes that Virginia, the Carolinas, and New Orleans will stand fire, as they are less affected than other sec- tions of the country by the trade and heavy indebt- edness of the new States. (Alabama and Missis- sippi have been virtually non-specie-paying for a long time.) North of the Delaware, we hope the banks will weather the storm triumphantly. We know the determination of our banks is fixed, to count nothing a sacrifice which shall be necessary to enable them to fulfil scrupulously their engage- ments, and to continue their payments in specie so long as they can command a dollar to pay. In en- forcing this just resolution, we trust they will have the cordial and zealous co operation of the commu- nity. If, in defiance of the severe pressure every where, and the colapse at Philadelphia, the banks of the Northern States shall ride out the tempest, the credit of those States and banks will be placed on a proud pre-eminence. Of course, the business Interests of the North will be required to suffer a while longer the depression from which those of Philadelphia have partially relieved themselves.- We believe, however, that, should the North main- tain Specie Payments, we shall feel seriously the general relief to business which the Philadelphia movement is calculated to afford, without incurring any of its discredit." # THE NEW YORK BANKS. The New York Banks have resolved without exception, to continue the the payment of specie for all their obligations. The Courier and Enquirer says: We were wait- ed apon yesterday afternoon by a number of gen- tlemen connected with our institutions-gentlemen whose declarations admit of no question, and whose knowledge of the state of our banks enables them to speak authoritatively who assured us that the deposites in the banks are so small, and the line of discounts reduced so low, that it is entirely in the power of the Banks in the city to continue specie payments without resorting to a farther curtail- ment of one dollar, and that THEY ARE FULLY DE- TERMINED TO CONTINUE TO MEET ALL THEIR OBLI- GATIONS IN GOLD AND SILVER, LET THE COURSE OF BANKS IN OTHER CITIES BE WHAT IT MAY. A general meeting of the officers of the different banks took place last evening, at which it was re- solved that they should continue to meet all de- mands upon them in gold and silver, and so long as they have a dollar of specie at their disposal, assist each other in carrying this resolution into ef- fect. # SUSPENSION AT FREDERICK. The Banks in Fre- derick have suspended specie payments. The spe- cie in their vaults exceeds the amount of their notes in circulation. The Frederick County Bank, a most excellent institution, is the only Banking House in Maryland that has the right, by its charter, to is- sue notes of a less denomination than five dollars. # PHILADELPHIA BANKS The Commercial Bank, which at first refused to suspend, has since come so far into the measure as to redeem nothing but its five dollar notes. The Girard Bank which had is-sued one dollar bills now redeem them in specie.-Since the receipt of the Governor's Manifesto and the Circular of the Attorney General, the Philadelphia Banks have all refused to issue notes under ten dollars. # THE BOSTON BANKS. The Banks in Boston have resolved to continue the payment of specie.-The papers all express the utmost degree of confi-dence in the ability of the Banks there to maintain themselves in their resolution to continue to redeem their notes. # WASHINGTON COUNTY BANK. At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Washington County Bank convened on the 11th inst., in consequence of the intelligence received, relative to the suspension of specie payments by the Banks in the cities, the following resolutions were passed. Resolved, That this Board have this morning learned with deep regret from Philadelphia and Baltimore, that the Banks of those cities have been constrained from the severity of the times and the great demand for coin to be taken out of the country, to suspend payments in specie. Resolved, That in consequence of this step of the Banks in said cities, this Board acting upon the same principle of self defence which has governed them, and with a view to prevent the specie in our vaults, from being taken out of the country do therefore direct the officers of the Bank to decline payments in specie until the further order of this Board to the contrary. Resolved, That the weekly statements of the Bank exhibited to the Board yesterday, and the examination made by the Board this day shows its condition to be perfectly safe and sound, and that there is not the least danger of a depreciation in the value of its notes or stock. Resolved, That this Board entertain the hope that the present suspension will be of a short continuance and they do pledge themselves to all interest that their operations in the meantime will be conducted with a view to preserve and continue the present very wholesome condition of the institution, and that they will be prepared for resuming specie payments at the earliest period that may be adopted as expedient for the purpose. Resolved, That these resolutions be published. JOHN B DALL Pres'd.


Article from Cheraw Gazette and Pee Dee Farmer, October 18, 1839

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Article Text

that suspension or specie payments 19 no more an evidence of insolvency in a bank than it is evidence of insolvency in a planter that he has not in his pocket or his drawer gold and silver to meet all his debts. The notes of our banks will still be as good as they were when redeemed with specie, and will answer the purposes of the farmer and mechanic just as well. They will procure the same amount of bread and meat, and the bread and meat will be as sweet and as nutritive. The demand for specie which caused the Philadelphia and Baltimore Banks to suspend was of course greatly increased by the suspension itself; heavy drafts were immediately sent to Charleston, which, if suspension had not taken place there, would immediately be followed by others that would soon drain the barks of all their specie ; and then, of course payment in specie would be impossible. Every one knows that it is better to suspend now than be obliged to do it a few days or weeks hence under circumstances much more disadThe only persons whom a short could benefit would be The vantageous. delay speculators. but gufferers would not be the banks only through them, also the community at large. In these remarks we would not be understood as meaning that suspension itself is not an evil. It is an evil and a great one, but inevitable in the circumstances. In addition to the numerous other ill effects, it will certainly derange the currency of the country still more than it has been, and increase the on No merchant who at a can pay purchases premiums goods exchange. distance for even when he has the cash in his pocket, and is in person to very them, going the counting house of his creditor, without first exchanging his money at a heavy premium. The merchant cannot be the looser in this expense. It is part of the cost of his goods, and must be taken into the account when fixing the price at which he can afford to sell them -aye, he is entitled to his profit, and must have it on this items in the cost of his stock. And is the looser ? the as who on then other The consumer, last purchaser of the goods. Every man, particularly at the south and west, " ho buys a a yard of broad cloth, or of linen or silk ; or saddle, or a pound of iron, or of sugar or coffee; or a gallon of molasses or a bonnet or ribbon for his wife or daughter; or a school book for his child, is taxed to pay the premium on exAnd into whose change. northern pockets does and this tax go? Into those of our eastern fellow cirizens? No, not all but into the pockets of brokers and dealers in exchange The evil at last falls upon the farmers and planters, the dupes and pack horses of office a ho ders and office seekers. Is this a necessary state of things Is it impossible in the present improved state and of - facility rapidity of intercourse and transportation between the remotest sections of our country, to maintain a uniform and sound currency Past experience most conclusively proves that it is not. To a United states bank, constitu. ted like the two former, there are strong, if not insuperable objections ; that the immense power for evil, as well as for good which they to posses ed, was not corruptly exercised, is be ascribed rather to the integrity and good sense of the directorship, than to want of temptation or opportunity. The constitutional oh. stacle: to a United States bank could be easi y in removed, and an institution could be set operation which should be both effective, and safe This could be done and the Sub-Treasury scheme of keeping and disbursing the public revenue he still adopted, if the country should see fit. The Sub-Treasury and currency ques tions have been so long incidentally blended, that the public have come to look upon them as one; but 60 far from this, they are in no respect necessarily connected. The revenue of has been as an of regulating ment the government incidentally used the currency. instruBut if, as experience would seem to prove, mere to in this country are too prone such when its politicious abuse power direct need exercise not be is entrusted to them, it certainly done. Let the money of the office holders be kept to itself locked up in strong boxee, till it IS paid out to them, if it can be kept in that way. The country is ten thousand times more interested in maintaining a sound, stable, uniform currency, than in the petty (or what out to be a petty) question, how an by whom the money for office holders is to be kept and disbursed. For this is but a statement in other terms of the Jub-Treasury question. The Federal Government has no right under the to collect or or or super-treasury, one constitution any sub-treasury handle, hoard cent in of money except merely what is necessary to pay its officers and servants. Let these officers quarrel about the manner of keeping this