17844. City Trust & Savings Bank (Youngstown, OH)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run → Suspension → Reopening
Bank Type
savings bank
Start Date
October 15, 1931
Location
Youngstown, Ohio (41.100, -80.650)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
183c33b8

Response Measures

Capital injected, Full suspension

Other: Reorganization, consolidation and capital subscription by local commercial interests and Reconstruction Finance Corporation loan enabling reopening.

Description

Multiple articles report heavy withdrawals and 'runs' in mid-October 1931 leading to the City Trust & Savings Bank closing on Oct 15, 1931. The bank was later reorganized and reopening was approved (Jan–Mar 1932) and it reopened in July 1932. Cause attributed to contagion from other local bank failures/withdrawals (Dollar Savings & Trust Co. and related local runs).

Events (3)

1. October 15, 1931 Run
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
Heavy withdrawals and contagion from closures/runs at nearby Dollar Savings & Trust Co. and other local institutions precipitating runs on City Trust
Measures
None described specifically for the run beyond closures and consolidation planning
Newspaper Excerpt
Closing of the City, Dollar and First ... was necessitated by heavy withdrawals during the last few weeks
Source
newspapers
2. October 15, 1931 Suspension
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
Bank suspended operations after heavy withdrawals and frozen assets tied to local bank distress/contagion; closure described as permanent at time of initial reports but later reorganized.
Newspaper Excerpt
The Dollar Savings & Trust Co. and the City Trust & Savings bank were closed for business today because of frozen assets and heavy withdrawals.
Source
newspapers
3. July 19, 1932 Reopening
Newspaper Excerpt
sufficient cash on hand meet all demands, the City Trust Savings Bank reopened its doors ... the last three closed banks to resume business. ... reopened its doors depositors today, the last three closed banks to resume business. loan ... negotiated ... made possible the reopen- ... the City bank reopened July ... (article dated July 19, 1932).
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (12)

Article from The San Diego Sun, October 15, 1931

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Article Text

RUNS FORCE 2 BANK CLOSINGS Third Youngstown Institution Merged By United Press Ohio, Oct. 15. -The Dollar Savings & Trust Co. and the City Trust & Savings bank were closed for business today because of frozen assets and heavy withdrawals. A third bank. the First National. was closed temporarily pending completion of plans for consolidation with the Mahoning National and Commercial National banks. Directors of the three banks of the projected consolidation announced that $2,000,000 had been subscribed overnight by commercial and industrial interests. Resources and liabilities of the The PLAZA Dollar Savings bank are listed in Fred Storry. President the last financial statement at John D. Owen, Manager $26,202,778 and those of the City Trust bank at $19,220,989.


Article from Evening Star, October 15, 1931

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YOUNGSTOWN BANK MERGER PLANNED Three to Consolidate as Two Others Permanently Close Following Run. By the Associated Press. YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio, October 15.Formation of a consolidated bank here to include the First National, the Commercial National and the Mahoning National was under way today following the permanent closing of the City Trust & Savings Bank and Dollar Savings & Trust Co. today and the temporary closing of the First National. Closing of the City, Dollar and First. the latter two of which have been under joint management. was necessitated by heavy withdrawals during the last few weeks, officials said. Plans Due This Week. The City Trust had resources of $18.260,000 and the Dollar's resources were $23,242,000 September 29, according to bank statements of that date. Plans for the consolidated bank are expected to be announced in detail by the end of the week. It will be reinforced by $2,000,000 of new capital which has already been subscribed. The Youngstown district's principal industrial and mercantile establishments and many leading citizens joined in the subscription.


Article from Brooklyn Eagle, October 15, 1931

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Merger Follows Closing of Three Youngstown Banks Industrial and Commercial Establishments Unite to Aid Youngstown, O., Oct. 15 (P)-Formation of a consolidated bank here to include the First National, the Commercial National and the Mahoning National was under way today following the permanent closing of the City Trust and Savings Bank and Dollar Savings and Trust Company today and the temporary closing of the First National. Closing of the City, Dollar and First, the latter two of which have been under joint management, was necessitated by heavy withdrawals during the last few weeks, officials said. The City Trust had resources of $18,260,000 and the Dollar's resources were $23,242,000 Sept. 29, according to bank statements of that Plans for the consolidated banks are expected to be announced in detail by the end of the week It will be reinforced by $2,000,000 of new capital which has already been subscribed. The Youngstown dis trict's principal and mercantile establishments and many leading citizens joined in the subThe First National will remain closee for two or three days. it was announced. until details of the consolidation worked out. Meanwhile the Commercial National and Mahoning National remain open. As soon as the consolidation plan is completed. all three will continue business under one roof. The Mahoning Savings & Trust Company. affiliated with the Mahoning National. will continue as a separate institution. Resources of the merging banks as of Sept. 29 were given follows: First National. $22,782,000: Mahoning National $7,925,000; Commercial. $9,284,000. Resources of the Mahoning Trust were given as $3,181,000. Jersey Bank Closed Toms River. N. J., Oct. 15 (AP)The Toms River Trust Company did not open its doors today. The notice of the bank's suspension was made public at midnight last night by President A. M. Then who said the heavy withdrawals of State and municipal funds forced the closing. The claims of depositors, President Then declared. would be paid in full. Pennsylvania Bank Fails West Newton, Pa., Oct. 15 (P)The Farmers & Merchants Bank of West Newton was placed in, the hands of the State Banking Department today. John D. Swigart, chief examiner of the department, said the bank was closed because of heavy withdrawa and to protect depositors. He said deposits totaled about $900,000 and were approximately $1,400,000. Small Banks Closed Trenton, N. J., Oct. 15 (P)-G. H. Markley. Deputy Commissioner of Banking and Insurance. announced today the Toms River Trust Company and the Wildwood Trust & Title Company had been taken over by his The Wildwood institution held deposits of $761,141 and the Toms River concern $163,591. Savings Bank Taken Over Tarentum Savings Trust Company was closed today and taken over by the State Banking Department. Examiner John D. Swigart seid the bank had deposits of about $1,800,000 and of $2,300,000. Harrisburg Failure Commercial Trust Company, one of Harrisburg's banks, was taken over today by the State Banking In its last statement the bank listed total resources of $1,606,000 and deposits of $686,000. 12 Southern Failures Columbia. S. C., Oct. 15 (A)Twelve in southwestern South Carolina failed to open their doors today. Albert S. Fant, State Bank Examiner, announced. The banks are the Bank of Western Carolina of Aiken and its nine branches North Augusta, BatesBarnwell, Blackville Lexington and Ellenton and the Bank of Williston and the Bank of Graniteville Assets of the Western Carolina Bank and its branches were placed by Mr Fant at $3,000,000. the Bank of Williston at $350.000 and the Bank of Graniteville at $150,000. Mr. Fant said collections in the banks had been anything but good' and that he advised last night that they not open today. Closing Stock Prices High High. Low High High. High. Close. 38% Fox Film Purity 1700 Un Freeport Tex 313000 Volume to 2:10 000.000 Yesterday's Sales Radio 9300 Gab Snub Low. High. Low. Close. Radio GenAsphalt Abitibi Baking Raybes 1.60 71% Adams Ex 600 Bronze Reading 22% Adams 100 Cigar Real 26 Wabash Rumely Elec Rem Rand 109% 2100 spl 60 Mot Walworth 10% Foods 10600 Ward Alaska 40 10900 GG&E 1800 Warner 2400 GG&E Reyn Met Warren Alleg Mills Reynolds WarrenF&P Allied Ch 9300 Mot ReynoldsTB 3814 Wesson Oil Allis Chalm 103% Mot Richfield West Amal Leather. 1200 Dairy Amerada 29% Western Pac AmBkNote GenR&U Rutland West Pac West Union C&Fdy Gillette Safeway WestghseAB Tiling Gimbel 30% Westgh AmEurope GimbelBr Weston E1 Glidden WestvacoCh Gobel Adolf Southw. Wheel AmHide&L GoldDust Schulte White Goodrich Seabd A WhiteRk Internat Goodyear Goodyr 2½ Wilson AmM&F Gould Nat In Wilson Co Servel Inc Woolwth Grand-Sil Worthington 24 AmP&L Grand Shatt 80% 50% Wrigley Grant Shell Un GtNorth Shubert Thea Am Republics 3% Yellow Truck. 600 6% 1% Grigsby Gru. Simmons 78 19 Youngstown 100 22 22 22 Simms Pet Saf Hackn Sinclair 1% 14 Zonite Pr 1300 Helme SkelO Smelt Sales later edition Hershey Hollnd Dividend. Ex-Rights. And Extras. And Extras AmSol&C Homestake7.80 able Stock. Including Payable Cash Stock Paid year Houdail-H rate. Lows close. South Dividend and Ex Rights deducted carried from net change. HouseF Houston Howe Snd Spaiding Hudson Spencer DAILY MARKET MOVEMENT 13½ 3½ Hupp Mot Spicer 132 112 Spiegel 1/2 ON N. Y. STOCK EXCHANGE 80% 10000 89 Central 1300 1/2 79 Std Indian Ref Wool Indust 1/2 The following table shows the number of advances, 8% 2% StdOCal Ingersoll 50 12% Anaconda StdOExp declines 1931 and the issues unchanged. together with new Inland Stl highs 36 2.40 and lows: Anchor Inspiration Archer Un- New New Sterling Armour Gain Loss changed Total Sterling High 2% Armour Oct. 21% Stewart 84 409 92 585 Interlake 14 29% Asso Stone&Web 98 AssoDG Studebak Oct. 10 203% Atchison Carrier 40% Superht Atchison IntHarvst 23% Oct. 9½ 2% Tenn Corp Powd IntMatch Texas Corp AuburnAut IntNickCa 193 Aviation Paper Tex Paper 27% Baldwin Third Balt 410400 10500 ThirdN1 Barnsdall 398 Interst 81 Beatrice 326 Investors Eq 100 Timken BeatriceCr pf7 181/2 18 Transam 80% Trans 36 Jewel Tea 30 29 29 Bendix Tri-Cont Johns-Man 12600 Tri-Cont 88 Trico 86 123% Kan City Knox 64 728 33% 3½ Twin 20% Kaufm Borden Kayser Ulen 30% 9% Kelly 3% Botany Mills. Kelsey 206 22% Kelvinator 155 24½ Briggs 10 Kennecott 190 69% Kinney Kresge 12(S) 27% 9300 UnTKCar 15 3% Bruns Balke. KrogerGroe 115 BrunsTerRy UnAir&T 20% Bucyrus 91 Biscuit Bucyrus Sept. Carbon Budd Mfg Lenigh 45 Lehigh UnitedCor Sept. 15% Bulova Lehman UnitedCor Sept. 15% Butte LigMyers 18 Butte Sup. Loco (S)202 69% 12% Byers Co Liquid Carb Inc Loose-W 11% 3½ Hec US&ForS Lorillard 16% Camplw&C USGypsm Lorillard 45 CanadaDry Lou-Nash (S) Can Pac Alcohol. 19 Ludlum su Case 36700 USPipe 36 McCallCor 25% CentAgur 51% McCrory 100 Rubber. Century McKspt USSmelting Cerro Cop McKess Cert McK&R Checker Cab. McLellan St 150 114 700 1231/2 Ches & O Mack Truck Chesap Macy Co British Reserve MarshallF ChiMSP&P Mathieson Store Shows Increase Maytag 35 Maytag 50 Melville London. Oct. 15 (A)-The weekly Miami Cop statement of the Bank of England City Stores Cont Pet. 22% Squip Minn M P. shows the following changes in Kan pounds: Pacific Total reserve increased 2,794,000: Pac circulation decreased 2,615,000; bulMonsan Mont Ward lion increased 179,000: other securities decreased 1,760,000: public deCarbon posits increased 3,847,000; other deMotor Prod ComCred Motor Wh posits decreased 9,329,000; notes re35% 20 Mullins 10 serve increased 2,734,000; govern34 Munsingwr 18% Murray Cor ment securities decreased 6,500,000. The proportion of the bank's re100% Com&So Nash 40% Mot 20 19 serve to liability is percent 14% 37% 20 Consol compared with 36.96 last week. Rate Bis 3% Cons of discount percent. NatCasnR 109% Consol Pr 107 Consol Dept French Bank Statement 15% Cons Distill 20 Parts, Oct. 15 The weekly 1% Radiator statement of the Bank of France 30 Steel shows the following changes in 3% Supply francs: 40 Cont Surety sellers Gold increased 726,000,000 sight Nevada Cp balances abroad increased 898,000.NYCentral 000; bills discounted home increased 778,000,000 bills bought Cont Motors. NYNH&H abroad increased 153,000,000 adCont NYNH&H Cont vances decreased 72,000,000: circulaOnt 86% tion increased 334,000,000 current 18 Coty Noranda 1200 20 Rate of discount 2% percent. 34% 25 CrC&C 217 Crucible Am 100 Curtis Am Grain and Provisions 118% CurtisPu pf Am 5% Curtiss Pacific 60% CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE Curties Previous Ohio on 1400 Open. High Low. Close Close 23 Davison 5% Wheat Oliver 13% Deere Omnibus Dec 49% 50% 49% 50% 50% 93 Hud Otis DelLack&W Mch 52% 53 102 Steel 45% Den&RioG May 55 53% 54% 54% Detroit Corn Match Light 34% 35 35 6% Dome Mines Packard 37 36% 24 37% Dresser May 39 39% Dresser Oats 78% 42% Drug Parmelee Tr. Duluth 22% 21% 21% Pathe Dunhill Int. May 24% 24% 25 Pathe Dupont 26500 Patino Mines Rye 124% 109 Dupont db 110 Penick Dec. 38% 38% 39 38% May 41% 42 41% 41% 185% 93 Eastman 5600 108 103 Dix 21% Eaton Lard 69 149 Dec. 6.55 6.55 6.47 6.50 6.47 20 Auto 1% Co Phelps Phillips Pet Produce Exchange Stocks 66 Pierce 60% 16% 12900 High Pierce Pet 45% Admir Alas Pillsbury Pitts Coal Juneau 35% 18% EquitBldg Coal 39% 10% Erie Come Cumulative Engle Bird 49% 26 FedL&T Prairie Motor 7% Prairie Mining 30 FedWatS Imperial 63 = 2½ 10214 Tire Serv Western Tel PullmanCor TOTAL 18 FourthNI Oil 700 Stocks


Article from The Miami Herald, January 5, 1932

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MERGED BANKS OPENED IN OHIO Institution Has Deposits and Cash of $20,000,000 YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio, Jan. 4 The new Union National Bank, formed by a consolidation of the First and Commercial National Banks, opened for business today with $8,000,000 cash on hand and more than $20,000,000 in deposits. The First National closed October 15-with an announcement that it would reopen after consolidation. Later it was explained that the bank was solvent, but had been closed to avert a run because of the closing of the Dollar Savings and Trust Company. The City Savings Bank closed the same day Efforts are being made to reopen both the Dollar and the City The opening of the Union National to use ly third of the tied up by the closing of the three banks.


Article from The Cincinnati Enquirer, January 10, 1932

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BANK'S OPENING APPROVED. Columbus, Ohio, January 9-(AP) Legality of the reopening of the City Trust and Savings Bank of Youngstown was approved today by Attorney General Gilbert Bettman. In letter to Ira J. Fulton, State Superintendent of Banks, Bettman said certain details as to the liabilities and assets are yet to be determined and should be submitted to Mahoning County Common Pleas Court for approval when worked


Article from The Cincinnati Enquirer, January 10, 1932

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BANK'S OPENING APPROVED. Columbus, Ohio, January 9-(AP) -Legality of the reopening of the City Trust and Savings Bank of Youngstown was approved today by Attorney-General Gilbert Bettman. In a letter to Ira J. Fulton, State Superintendent of Banks, Bettman said certain details as to the liabilities and assets are yet to be determined and should be submitted to Mahoning County Common Pleas Court for approval when worked


Article from Youngstownské Slovenské Noviny = Youngstown Slovak News, March 4, 1932

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V ZÁUJME OTVORENIA TUNAJŠÍCH BÁNK. Minuly týždeň reorganizačný výbor Dollar Savings & Trust Co. oznámil, ze S prácon pokročil nž tak d'aleko. že banka je hotová otvorit' svoje dvere a začiať účinkovanie znovu, a to za pomerne prajných podmienok. Podl'a týchto podmienok, 1) všetci vkladatelia S vkladmi $100 a menej (takých je väčšina) môžu dostat' svoje peniaze hned' pri otvorení; 2) všetci vkladatelia S vkladmi vyše $100 môžu dostat' hned' $100, "pot azne 10 percent svojich vkladov (na pr. na $10,000 vklad $1,000 atp.): 3) všetci vkladatelia vianočných úspor môžu si vybrat' tieto úspory hned'; 4) všetci žiaci, ktorí majú školské úspory, dostanú ich hned'; 5) všetky čekové vklady a vklady ukožené na určitú dobu, budú tiež hned' vypustené; 6) všetky úsporné vklady rôznych druhov budú od otvorenia banky "úspornými vkladmi" jedneho druhu a budú dostávať úrokov; 7) vyberanie d'alších vkladov podlieha reguláciam direktoriumu banky. Tieto pravidlá značia, že banka od času zavretia (15. okt. 1931) dosiahla hodného stupňa tekutosti a V deň otvorenia že bude mat' vysoké percento svojich prostriedkov V hotovosti. Miliony dolárov budú hned' vypustené do obehu medzi obyvatel'stvo. Takto bude 11možnené obchodníkom tovar výhodne nakupovať, Pudu potrebami sa zásobiť, zadlženým dižoby si vyplatit' alebo zmensit'. Všetci obyvatelia budú mat' Z toho veľký prospech. Všetko, čo je potrebné, aby sa banka otvorila a miliony dolárov dostaly sa medzi l'ud je SUHLAS vkladatel'ov S úspornými vkladmi vyše 100-dokárovými, ze sa podrobujú obmedzeniu vo vyťahovaní vkladov. Tento súhlas je potrebuý. Bez neho banka nemôže sa znovu otvorit'. Lebo o páru týždňov by možno znovu musela dvere zavret'. To každý rozumný človek uzná. Ved' konečne obmedzené vyberanie vkladov je dnes prak tizované i bankami, ktoré zavreté neboly. Reorganizačný výbor Dollar banky nežiada tedy nič neobyčajného V týchto ťažkých časoch. A vkladatelia dávajú banke svoj súhlas S plným pochopením. Vo štvrtok, tedy behom piatich dní, banka mala už temer polovieu potrebných podpisov V rukách. Kto súhlasnú listinu neobdržal poštou, môže prísť podpísať do banky. Banka je otvorená denne a V každú sobotu do 9. hodiny večer. Otvorenie Dollar banky sa čaká okolo 15. apríla. Zamestnanci pracujú teraz V banke každý deň do polnoci, aby jej otvorenie bolo čím skoršie. 42,000 vkladatel'o čaká na tento radostný okamih a S nimi desat'tisice nepriamo zasiahnutých l'udí. Nech každý vkladatel' vykoná svoju povinnosť: nech podpíše súhlasnú listinu, co bude nielen V jeho prospech, ale V prospech krajších čaSOV V Youngstowne a okolí. City banka potrebuje už len podpisy 300 vkladatel'ov na jej znovuotvorenie. Ale týchto 300 vkladatel'ov sa akosi t'ažko rozhoduje. Jestli sú medzi nimi Slováci, tých uist 'ujeme, že nepodpísaním plánu City banky nezvíťazia. Ak zavinia jej likvidáciu, potrvá to 10-20 rokov, kým dostanú svoj podiel. Ale aký, to len Pán Boh zná. Naproti tonnu ked' otvorenie banky umožnia, je temer isté, ze svoje peniaze do centa dostanú. A povieme préčo. Sama váda Spojených Státov napomáha infláciu kreditu. Este toho rohu kredit bude rozšírený o 20 bilionov dolárov. Takže banky budú vstave nielen svojim zaviaznostiam zadosť učinit', ale este i dávať kredit. Toto predpovedajú vážne finačnícke časopisy a bude to dôsledok činnosti 2-bilionovej Rekonštrukčnej Finančnej Korporácie, ktorú kongres ustanovil. Nielen V Youngstowne, ale po celej krajine je teraz pohyb za znovn-otváranie zavretých (ale ináč dobrých) bánk. Len otvorené banky budú dostávat' vládnu pomoc. Tunajšie banky ju dostanú - ale musejú sa napred ótvorit'. A ked' sa otvoria, svitnú nám lepšie časy a Youngstown S jeho okolím bude zase prekvitať. rást..


Article from The Cincinnati Enquirer, March 13, 1932

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RAW SILK. Do 7 pf 2 $1.75 Duplan Diamond Electric Auto Lite Erie Pittsburgh Payable. Record Company Bucyrus 45c Sugar Ref $1.75 Asp Roofg Con $1.62% 20c back San Bot 75q Std Amn Chicle 25c 40c 25c Crum Refining 25c Aluminum Rubber $1.75 q Amn Express Chi Lines Faultiess BANK REOPENING ASSURED Youngstown, Ohio, March (AP) Bak Fisher Reopening of the City Trust & Savings Bank, closed here last October Ainsworth Formica 15, "practically H. R. Hooper, Chairman the Foster Wheeler tion Committee, said today, after Rapids stockholders' meeting had unani- Note mously approved reopening plan Ink which already has approved by the state. When the bank opens Affiliated Continental Bros will have $11,000,000 of unquestion- California Guaranty Stand able assets, Hooper added. It will Electric have capital of $750,000 and surplus of the amo nt, with $146,000 undivided profits. The stockholders voted to reduce the par value of the Amn bank's stock from $100 to $25 share. The bank's resources, as given in the last statement before it closed, were Block about $18,000,000. Chesebrough FILE LIABILITY SCHEDULE. com Chicago, March AP) schedBuckeye Line Signal ule in bankruptcy, filed today in the 50c United States District Court, listed liabilities of the American Bond & Caldw Mortgage Co. at $7,644,007. Assets Knox were placed at $14,451,481. of which Harb Ref the schedule showed $10,466,647 represented by negotiable Of Albany the liabilities, $2,000,000 was Holland by collateral. Several officials of the Continental company were convicted recently in the Pittsburgh Federal Court on Bell charges of using the mails to de$1 fraud. Beechnut Packing Albany Bak Hercules Mfg New York March silk fu. closed sales Bush May Canton double extra $1.80, Japanese crack Mar. Wat cum double extra Detroit Whitaker FOREIGN. March was and was stack as the London Exchange awaited of man new Stock star will run days Instead of the usual 14, Easter likely restrain relapses new bills per


Article from The Cincinnati Enquirer, March 13, 1932

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BANK REOPENING ASSURED Youngstown, Ohio, March (AP) Reopening of the City Trust & Savings Bank, closed here last October 15, is "practically assured, H. R. Hooper, Chairman the Reorganiza tion Committee, said today, after stockholders' meeting had unanimously approved reopening plan which already has been approved by the state. When the bank opens it will have $11,000,000 of unquestionable assets, Hooper added. It will have capital of $750,000 and surplus of the same amo nt, with $146,000 Ther undivided profits. The stockholders voted to reduce the par value of the bank's stock from $100 to $25 share. The bank's resources, as given in the last statement before it closed, were Block about $18,000,000.


Article from The Plain Dealer, June 26, 1932

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Dividends Declared. Pub Youngstown Bank Gets Charter The Mutual Holding Co., which will act as depository for 35 cent. of the deposits the City Trust & Savings Bank, scheduled to reopen July was granted incorporation papers at The new will issue 250 shares of no par Hanscome and of McKain. Ohl and Swanner. counsel for the bank


Article from The Daily Sentinel-Tribune, July 19, 1932

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Third Youngstown Bank Is Reopened July sufficient cash on hand meet all demands, the City Trust Savings Bank reopened its doors depositors today, the last three closed banks to resume business. loan of from the construction Finance Corporation, negotiated Hooper, president, made possible the reopen- Two other Youngstown banks which closed the tober that the City bank business already resumed reopened the other absorbed by another institution.


Article from News Journal, November 4, 1932

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'OFFICER 666' HARRY DOTSON To The News ASHLAND, Nov. 4-Harry Dotson and Miss June Hale of Mansfield have prominent parts in the farce, "Officer 666", which will be presented in McDowell auditorium here Saturday at 8 p.m. as the climax of the college's homecoming day program. Dotson is cast in the title role. ilized now both in Ohio and in other states. Many Already Reopened Among the banks reopened this year are several of unusual size, such as the Dollar Savings & Trust Co. and the City Trust & Savings bank, both of Youngstown; the George D. Harter bank, Canton; the Richland Trust Co. and the Farmers' Savings & Trust Co., both of Mansfield, and the City Savings Bank & Trust Co., Alliance. Other important institutions reopened included the Seville State bank, Seville; the Farmers' & Citizens' Banking Co., Monroeville; the Antwerp Exchange bank, Antwerp, and the Bank of Leipsic Co., Leipsic. Theodore H. Tangeman, state director of and member of Governor White's cabinet, has assisted Superintendent Fulton in working out the bank reopening plans which the state department has put into effect. A student of finance, he has been in position to render effective aid in the state's bank reorganization work. Charles G. Saffin Jr., attorneyexaminer in the department of banks, has been factor in all of the bank reopenings worked out by the department.