16361. New York Exchange (New York, NY)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Suspension → Reopening
Bank Type
state
Start Date
October 13, 1857
Location
New York, New York (40.714, -74.006)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
b5544d3d

Response Measures

None

Description

Multiple contemporaneous newspaper reports (dated Oct 13, 1857) list the New York Exchange among the banks that suspended specie payments during the Panic of 1857. The articles describe a broad systemic crisis and runs on many banks; none of the provided snippets report a permanent failure or receiver specifically for the New York Exchange, and several accounts state suspensions were expected to be temporary. Therefore I classify this as a suspension (no explicit run on this specific bank) with likely eventual reopening.

Events (1)
1. October 13, 1857 Suspension
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Widespread financial panic (Panic of 1857) with runs and loss of confidence across New York banks leading to suspension of specie payments; reported as part of a general crisis rather than a bank-specific failure.
Newspaper Excerpt
Up to two o'clock fifteen city banks had suspended, of which the following is a revised list, viz: ... New York Exchange ...
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (10)
1. October 14, 1857 Worcester Daily Spy Worcester, MA
Article from Worcester Daily Spy, October 14, 1857

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Money and Business. Early yesterday afternoon the telegraph announced the failure of the following banks in New York city: Capital. $1,235,009 Merchants' Exchange: Ocean 1,000,000 Mercautile 1,000,000 North River 655,000 Irving 300,000 Marine 309,000 New York Exchange 100,000 St: Nicholas 750,000 Citizens' 400 009 Bull's Head 173,800 Pacific 422 000 Peoples' 412,000 Total 812,200 There was reported. also, at the same time, a heavy run upon the Bank of the Republic. There seems to be an entire want of confidence in the banks among the New York people, and Wall street was almost impassable on account of the crowds of people assembled aboutsome of the banking houses in that locality. In another part of this] day's paper, we publish a list of New York business[firms that "succumbed to the pressure yesterday. The returns of the week show that the New York banks have contracted their loans four millions of dollars within the last seven days, and the deposits have fallen off about the same amount. The stoeks of the New York banks have run down to a very low figure, even the best of them, and this is probably not only an indication of the severity of the pressure, but also that those in the secrets of the back parlors, think unfavorably of most of their paper The stocks of some of the leading New York city banks, sold as follows, on Monday: Bank of Commerce 70, Bank of New York 76, Bank of America 75. Phoenix Bank 55, American Exchange 55, Metropolitan 58, Park 58, Bank of the State of New York 65. At Boston yesterday, the following additional failures are reported, viz: Francis Skinner & Co., the largest dry go ds commission house in the city-they were agents of the Pepperell, Bates, Vassalboro', and many other prominent manufacturing companies; Blanchard & Gross, shoe dealers; Hutchins, Brown Co., F. & F. Rice, John P. Whiton, West India goods; Geo. T. & W.P. Lyman, commission merchants; Otis, Cushman, & Bancroft, dry goods; and Crane & Glover, paper dealers It is reported that Moses Taylor & Co., of New York the largest and wealthiest grocery house in the country, has failed. The Boston Transcript of last evening, says: "The Boston banks are stronger today than they have been for a considerable time. Last week the increase of specie in their vaults was over $300,000. and yesterday this amount was augmented. Should the New York banks suspend, it is the opinion of many prominent financiers, that the banks in Boston would not suspend, but would breast the storm, manfully redeem their promises, continue to pay specie, and thus show to the boasters of the metropolitan city that the disgrace of violating pledged faith, does not rest upon the managers of our city banks at least." The following is from the Providence Journal of yesterday morning: "Yesterday was apprehended as a day of disaster, but it has passed off not only without a failure, but with the assurance that the failure of David B. Brown & Co, and J. W. Corlies & Co. and Hall, Dana, & Co, which latter was made public today. although it had been confidently known here since Friday, would not drag down anybod in Providence The houses most immediately and deeply affected by these failures are abundantly strong, intrinsi cally, and have received, unsolicited and without concert, such liberal ffers of assistance from banks and capitalists, as leave no doubt of their ability to meet all the paper that comes back upon them. The banks discounted liberally yesterday, but much of the accommodation afforded was for New York and Phila delphia. The chief domestic houses in the great "specte paying centre," have been seeking from our discredited banks the aid which their own refuse them. Al'more cheerful feeling prevailed yesterday, after bank hours. The wise and liberal pollcy of the banks, and the dispo sition of men to stand by each other, gave new courage and confidence."

2. October 14, 1857 Worcester Daily Spy Worcester, MA
Article from Worcester Daily Spy, October 14, 1857

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Article Text

Monetary Matters in New York-Great Excitement. NEW YORK, Oct. 13.-Today has been a very exciting one in financial matters. Up to two o'clock, fifteen city banks had suspended, of which the following is a revised list, viz: Bank of New York, Artizans', St. Nicholas, Chatham, Ocean, Market, Butchers' and Drovers', Merchants' Exchange, Irving, Citizens', Tradesmen's, Bull's Head, New York Exchange, North River, and Marine. The latter, it is said, was stopped by injunction procured by one of its customers, and it is presumed other banks have been stopped in the same way. By this means the penalty of winding up, which is attached to suspension, is evaded. It is believed that suspension in most cases will be but temporary. This state of affairs, when generally known, will undoubtedly serve to allay the present undue excitement. Wall street, at two o'clock, was crowded with an anxious mass of people. The steps of all the banks were also blocked up by people forcing their way into the banks. At the American Exchange Bank, David Leavitt addressed the crowd, assuring them that that bank would pay all up to the last dollar. He also announced that an agreement had been made with several of the strongest banks, to go through without suspension. It is believed, however, in the streets, that the suspension will be general. It is understood that some of our heaviest Houses have withdrawn their gold from the banks and replaced it as a specie deposit. There were rumors during the morning, affecting nearly all the banks in the city, but the above list gives all that had certainly suspended up to 3 o'clock P. M. The others, it is believed, continued to meet their liabilities up to the clocs of businss hours. The sales of Railroad Stocks at the first board were small, at a general decline. In the State Stocks the business was large at a decline, ex cepting Virginia and Missouri. Bank Stocks all sold at a decline. The run on the Brooklyn Savings Bank was renewed today but with less vigor, the banks paying promptly. Several failures in the Dry Goods line are announced, but none of very prominent firms.

3. October 14, 1857 The Day Book Norfolk, VA
Article from The Day Book, October 14, 1857

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LATEST NEWS. NEW YORK, Oct. 13, P. M.-This has been a day of intense excitement in financial circles. Business is almost entirely suspended. As may be observed below, several of our city banks, which were considered strong, have given away before the pressure, and suspended specie payment. According to the State Constitution they are obliged to go into liquidation; though some scheme, in this general crash, may be devised as an emergency for their future relief. The following Banks have suspended, up to 2, P. M. to-day, viz:-Merchants' Exchange Bank; Marine; Irving; North River; Ocean; People's Bank; Citizen's; Bull's Head; New York Exchange; Pacific; Park; and East River; Chatham; St. Nicholas and Market. A heavy run is now being made on the American Bank, and it is thought it will givein. Indeed, all the banks are being run upon, both here in Brooklyn, Williamsburg, Jersey City, &c., as also in many parts of the State. It is a blue day.More failures of merchants are announced.

4. October 14, 1857 The Washington Union Washington, DC
Article from The Washington Union, October 14, 1857

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Article Text

NEW YORK, Oct. 13.-Tne Marine, Pacific, Irving, Merchants' Exchange, North River, New York Exchange, Citizens', and Ocean banks have suspended-cight in all. E. Fish & Co., and Brown & Cary, merchants, have suspended. Also, the Chatham and Bull's Head Banks have suspended.

5. October 14, 1857 Wheeling Daily Intelligencer Wheeling, WV
Article from Wheeling Daily Intelligencer, October 14, 1857

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SUSPENDED. NEW York, Out. 13.-The following Banks of this city suspended this morning. The Marine, Pacille, Irving, Merchants, Exchange, North River, New York Exchange, Citizens and Ocean Banks, in all eight Banks:

6. October 16, 1857 Weekly Clarksville Chronicle Clarksville, TN
Article from Weekly Clarksville Chronicle, October 16, 1857

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ADDITIONAL FOREIGN NEWS. NEW York, Oct. 12. The King's magazine at Joahpore was struck by lightning and exploded, killing 900 persons and destroying a million pounds sterling worth of property. The whole province of Bengal was alarmed.The civilians and Gejah had fled to Patua, leaving the treasury in charge of the 64th regiment, which is in a precarious condition. Calcutta was becoming crowded with fugitives from all parts of Bengal. The imports at Calcutta were accumulating.There were no buyers, and money was disappearing. The paper of the East India Company was quoted at 25 per sent discount, England.-Sir R. W. Cardin has been elected Lord Mayor of London. THE LATEST-Liverpool, Sept. 30.-The estimated sales of cotton to-day are 6,000 bales. The market closed quiet. Breadstuffs firm. Corn steady but heavy. India.-Martial law has been proclaimed in Beljaum, a town in the province of Beljapoor. ST. LOUIS, Oct. 12. The Leavenworth (Kansas) Herald, of the 10th, says that the official returns from Leavenworth county are nearly complete. The average Democratic majority is 250, insuring the election of three members to the Council and eight to the House.Doniphan county gave the Republicans 30 majority, securing five members to the lower and five to the upper House. Atchison county, average Democratic majority 60, insuring three members to the lower and one to the upper House. Jefferson county, Republican by 150 majority, giving two members to the House and one to the Council. Douglas county, Republican by 1,500. Johnson county, Democratic by 1,600. The district formed by these counties elected eight members to the House and three to the Council. The Democrats claim the election of the entire ticket by 60 majority. Shawnee county, Republican majority 350. Calhoun county, Republican majority 84, elects one to the House. The Democrats charge that a large number of armed men came from Nebraska and voted the Republican ticket. The Democrats claim a majority in both branches of the Legislature. NEW ORLEANS, Oct. 12. The steamer Texas arrived from Vera Cruz, with advices of the 7th. Congress held a primary meeting on the 26th ult. A hundred delegates were present. Man- uel Ruise was elected President. There is a rumor that Gen. Alvarez had been assassinated. The insurgents of the South still hold out. Robberies are rife throughout the country. The health of Vera Cruz was improving. The failure of Corning & Co. has not affected the Southern Bank. There are rumors of some failures, but not yet authenticated. Business unsettled. NEW YORK, Oct. 13. Additional Bank suspensions-Market, St. Nicholas, Tradesman, Artizans, Butchers and Drovers, and the Bank of New York It is feared that a general suspension is inevitable. Several of the old Banks announce their ability and determination to pay specie. RICHMOND, Va., Oct. 13. The Custom House here was entered by robbers and took $15,000 in double eagles. The robbers left $46,000 behind. NEW YORK, October 13. The following banks of this city suspended this morning: The *Marine' 'Pacific,' 'Irving,' 'Merchant's Exchange,' 'North River, 'New York Exchange, 'Citizens' and 'Ocean Bank'-eight in all. 1 :

7. October 16, 1857 Richmond Enquirer Richmond, VA
Article from Richmond Enquirer, October 16, 1857

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MISCELLANEOUS. THE BANK FAILURESIN NEW YORK-MEETING OF BANK OFFICERS. NEW YORK, Oct. 13, P. M.-To-day has been a very exciting one in financial matters. Up to two o'clock fifteen of our city banks had suspended, of which the following is a revised list, namely:-Bank of New York, Artizan's, St. Nicholas, Chatham, Ocean, Market, Butchers' and Drovers', Merchants' Exchange, Irving, Citizens', Tradesmen's, Bull's Head, New York Exchange, North River, and Marine Bank. Wall street, at two o'clock, was crowded with an anxious mass of people. The steps of all the banks were also blocked up by the people foreing their way into the banks. There were rumors during the morning affecting nearly all the banks in the city, but the above list gives all that had certainly suspended up to three o'clock. The sales of rail road stocks at the first board were small at a general decline. In State stocks the business done was quite large at 8 decline, excepting Virginia and Missouri stocks. Bank stocks were all sold at 8 decline. The run on the Brooklyn Savings Bank was renewed to-day, but with less vigor and the bank pay. ing promptly. There have been several failures in the dry goods line announced to-day, but none very prominent. GREAT RUN ON THE BANKS AND FAILURE OF SOME OF THE STRONGEST IN THE CITY. The run upon the Mechanics, Bank of America, Manhattan and American Banks was very severe, and continued up to the close of business. The Broadway Bank held out till nearly 3 o'clock, and paid out $140,000 in specie, when it gave out. The Leather Manufacturers' Bank subsequently closed its doors. The Seventh Ward and Fulton Banks held out under 8 tremendous pressure. The People's Bank closed at 2 o'clock, after pay. ing out $19,000 in specie during the day. The Bank of the State of New York paid out its last dollar, and certified all checks presented, and then yielded. The American Exchange Bank paid all demands upon it, but several others shut out their customers at 3 o'clock. The Bank of North America suffered protest this afternoon. The Corn Exchange Bank refused to pay specie or bills, but certified checks. The Oriental, Mechanics and Traders', Bowery Savings, Shoe and Leather, Continental, American Exchange, and Metropolitan, paid every demand up to the usual hour of closing. STILL LATER-THE BANKS RESOLVED TO SUSPEND. NEW YORK, Oct. 13-11 P. M.-The following official announcement has been made from the bank meeting: The banks have all resolved to suspend specie payments, as far as paying at the counter is concerned, and to make a regular exchange of each other's bills at the Clearing House. It has also been resolved to send 8 committee to confer with the Governor in reference to calling a meeting of tha Legislature. The committee will leave for Albany to morrow at 12 o'clock. It appears that the Marine Bank was stopped by an injunction, at the instance of one of its customers. It is presumed that the other stoppages were effected in the same way. By this means the penalty of winding up which attaches to suspension under the banking laws af this State is evaded, and it is rendered probable that the suspension in most cases is only temporary. This understanding relieves the excitement.

8. October 17, 1857 Semi-Weekly Standard Raleigh, NC
Article from Semi-Weekly Standard, October 17, 1857

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More Bank Suspensions. NEW YORK, Oct. 13.-Eight Banks have suspended here to day, viz : the Marine, the Pacific, the New York Exchange, the Merchants' Exchange, the North River, the Citizen, the Irving and the Ocean. -

9. October 21, 1857 The Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye Burlington, IA
Article from The Burlington Weekly Hawk-Eye, October 21, 1857

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Suspension of Eighteen Banks--Resólusion of others to Suspend. [From the New York papers of Wednesday.| Since the financial crisis has been upon us the city has not passed through so severe an excitement as was witnessed yesterday. At an early hour in the day rumérs were rife that several of the city banks had Buspended, and immediately the vicinities of the different institutions mentioned, and in fact of all the banks in the city, were surrounded with anxious and alarmed crowds, whose excitement was not allayed by seeing the omisous ammouncement ou the doors of the closed banks, "This bank hassuspended." Wall street in particular exhibited a scene which it had not presented since the terrible times of 1837. The banks were literally besieged, not alone by those particularly interested but by multitudes of idlers and alarmists.To such an extent did this reach that the aid of the police had in some instances to be called in to enable the clerks to transact business. On the street the panic manifested steelf in thousands of alarmed faces either passing burriedly along from bank to bank, or gazing in silent stupor from the opposite side walks at the crowds accending and descending the steps of the banking houses upon which the excitement seemed to concentrate. It may be hardly necesmry to my that much of this alarm was needless; but when we look at the notual number of banks which suspended during the day-irrespective of the vague rumors with reference to others flying around through an already over excited community-it is no wonder that the equanimity of the city should have been 80riously disturbed. The banks which closed yesterday are as follows:-North River Bank, Ocean Bank, Irving Bank, Merchant's Exchange, New York Ex. change, Citizens Bank, Marine Bank, Market Bank, Chatham Bank, Tradesman's Bank, St. Nicholas Bank, Butchers' s Drovers Bank, People's Bank, Bull's Head Bank, New York Bank, Leather Manufacturers' Bank, Artisans' Bank, and Broadway Bank. The Banks is Greenwich street closed their like mildfit --

10. October 28, 1857 The Spirit of Democracy Woodsfield, OH
Article from The Spirit of Democracy, October 28, 1857

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List of Suspended, Depreciated and Discredited Banks. Leather Manufacturers' Bank, New York City; Hudson County Bank, Jersey City; Broadway Bank New York City; People's Bank New York City; Bank of New York; Farmer's Bank, Petersburgh, Va; Union Bank, New Orleans; Marine Bank, N. Y. City; Tradesman's Bank, " " " " Artisan's Bank, Butcher's and Drover's Bank, New York city; Market Bank, New York City; " " St. Nicholas Bank, " " Pacific Bank, " " " " Irving Bank, " Merchants Exchange," " " North River Bank, " New York Exchange," " " Citizens' Bank, " " Ocean Bank, " " Chatham Bank, " " Bull's Head Bank, " " East River Bank, Pratt Bank, Buffalo, New York, Belleville Bank, Illinois; " Bank of Chester, Stock Security Bank, Illinois; " Corn Exchange Bank, Bank of Pike County, " State Bank of South Caaolina, Charleston;