16228. Metropolitan (New York, NY)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Suspension → Reopening
Bank Type
state
Start Date
May 14, 1884
Location
New York, New York (40.714, -74.006)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
62c685d0

Response Measures

None

Description

Metropolitan (New York) closed/ suspended doors around May 14–15, 1884 amid the Wall Street panic triggered by major brokerage failures (Grant & Ward, Fisk & Hatch, etc.). The bank's suspension appears at least partly voluntary/preemptive and tied to market panic and inability to realize securities; it resumed business quickly (reports say resumed at noon May 15 and took Clearing House certificates). Classified as suspension_reopening because there is no clear standalone depositor run prior to suspension — reopening occurred within days.

Events (2)

1. May 14, 1884 Suspension
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Panic in Wall Street after major brokerage failures (Grant & Ward, Fisk & Hatch etc.) and general inability to realize securities; Metropolitan directors announced suspension (reported as 'suspended, not because it had to, but because it chose to').
Newspaper Excerpt
There was a panic in Wall street, New York, Wednesday. Several firms of brokers suspended and one bank, the Metropolitan, closed its doors.
Source
newspapers
2. May 15, 1884 Other
Newspaper Excerpt
The Commercial says ... the remarkable position assumed by President Seney and the directors of the Metropolitan, who announced that the bank suspended, not because it had to, but because it chose to.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (13)

Article from New-York Tribune, May 15, 1884

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ANTICIPATING LITTLE MORE TROUBLE. William H. Male, president of the Union National Bank, in Wall-st., chatted with a TRIBUNE reporter about the situation as it had shaped itself at the close of banking hours. He had attended the meeting of the Clearing House Committee at 1:30, and had been particularly interested in the developments of the day because of the fact that the business of his bank is chiefly with brokers. He said None of the firms that suspended had accounts with us except Goffe & Randle, who had a small account. which stands to their credit. Our brokers' balance this morning was $500,000 larger than usual, and we had on hand $1,500,000 in coin. We have had plenty of money and have been in no wise disturbed. The effect of the action of the Clearing House committee will be reassuring, and will help to restore confidence, not only in the city, but all through the country. No banks can fail now but those which ought to fail, and it is my judgment that there are none of them in the city. I expect to see the Metropolitan resume business in the morning. On May 3 it had $10,000,000 loans, $1,683,000 in specie, $610,000 legal tenders, and $8,207,000 deposits. In the natural order of things it will not be called on for more than 75 per cent of its deposits, and more than this can be paid with the certificates issued by the Clearing House if only the $10,000,000 loans are used. I do not believe that there is anything of the Grant and Ward nature the matter with the bank. Mr. Seney has often been accused of speculations which he had nothing to do with, chiefly, I suppose because ** Seney syndicate " is so conveniently alliterative. I believe that he has been more sinned against than sinning. I think the market is grating very hard on the bottom, and I do not anticipate much more trouble. It has been an exciting day, as was indicated by the fact that a feeling grew up that the best thing to do was to close the Stock Exchange. Calls wore made on many bank presidents about noon, but the conservative men among them agreed that the Exchange ought to be kept open ; they felt that the remedy was worse than the disease, and remembered how slow was the return of confidence when this was done in 1873. Nothing of the kind was mentioned at the meeting of the Clearing House Committee, however, and there was no talk of closing the Exchange after its action became known. The feeling in the committee was unanimous in favor of the banks' standing together.


Article from St. Paul Daily Globe, May 16, 1884

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as which in the matter they had been most crippled. This was the security over which the Bank of the Republic directors had a difference about a month ago, which resulted in President Ford's resignation. The Bank of theRepublic was one of the two banks with which Donnell, Lawson and Simpson did business, Simpson being a director in it. It was also said that Seney had unloaded a lot of these bonds of the firm, and that their dependence on the Metropolitan was such that they could not refuse to be thus used. At the firm's office there was a long list of notices from their correspondents, stating where drafts would be hereafter paid, which indicated how widely the firm's business was distributed. Over 100 bulletins were posted on the door. Inside Donnell and Simpson were busy all day trying to see where they stand. Lawson is in Europe. To a Tribune reporter late yesterday, Simpson said: "We are still figuring up and trying to get to the point where we can resume. We can't tell you anything until about to-morrow afternoon. There is a prospect we will resume. That is the point toward which our arrangements are tending." "Has an assignee or receiver been decided upon?' "No, sir. Nothing of that kind has been or will be done now. We shall not make an assignment unless satisfied we cannot go on or settle our business satisfactory without it." "What are your liabilities?" "We can't tell exactly-in the neighborhood of $3,000,000." "How much are the assets?" "They will be more than that; we shall pay every dollar, I now think." "Is there any truth in the rumor that Seney unfloaded Cleveland, Youngstown & Pittsburg bonds on you?" "Not a word of truth in it. President Seney has unloaded nothing on us, at any time." "What has been the character of your securities?" "They have been such as would commend themselves to conservative judgment. The greatest shrinkage in their value has been in some railroad bonds upon which we made an advance, the Cleveland, Youngstown & Pittsburg. Those and some others." "How much was your deposit in the Metropolitan?" .It was a good deal larger than we could have wished." "Can you not resume now that the Metropolitan has done so?" "That is what we are trying to find out, we shall know to-morrow." "It is understood you have been offered $200,000 to help you out." "Yes, S. B. Elkins offered that, but that would only have been a drop in the bucket. We were offered several hundred thousand dollars by cable, but we must see where we stand first." An attache of the firm told the reporter that matters had gone so far that resumption would be impossible. The $200,000 offer of S. B. Elkins was made in good faith, and may lead to the reestablishment of the concern under a new name. All members of the firm are Missourians. Robert W. Donnell, head of the concern, was formerly a merchant of St. Joseph, Mo., where he owns large real estate interests, and he is a large stockholder in the State Savings bank. Also, senior partner of the banking firm of Donnell, Clark & Larabee, of Deer Lodge, Montana, the second member of which is a millionaire. Lawson and Donnell married sisters. The former was a lawyer at Booneville, Mo. He is a member of the Union league and Manhattan,club, Sampson lives in Orange, N. J. He formerly resided in Kansas City. The loans of the house were all passed upon by him. The office of the bank was besieged all day long, with messengers, brokers, clerks, copying notices, and persons calling to have signatures identified.


Article from New-York Tribune, May 16, 1884

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THURSDAY, May 15-P. M. The failure of Messrs. A. W. Dimock & Co., which was announced from the rostrum of the Stock Exchange almost immediately after the opening of business this morning, hardly caused a ripple in the current toward the establishment of higher values for securities. As affecting the stock market, except as it might disturb loans on Bankers and Merchants' Telegraph stock, the failure was quickly recognized as one of little importance. Bankers and Merchants' declined from 119 last evening to 63 for the first sale to-day, then to 45, and after a rally to 55, it again sold at 45@ 4534; the transactions amounted to 4,350 shares, of which only 600 shares were sold out under the rule." The general market of course was unusually feverish. The temper of operators was unsettled and easily influenced by passing rumors, or what for the moment was thought to be seen in important orders to buy or sell; still there was a steady hardening of values, and at 2:15 o'clock the market promised to close fairly steady at some material advances. At 2:40 o'clock Messrs. Fisk & Hatch sent notice to the Stock Exchange of their inability to meet their contracts. Nothing that occurred yesterday created such utter confusion as did that announcement. That failure was rightfully regarded as the most important that yet has occurred; they were recognized as the principal supporters of prices for Government bonds, and lately they have been the principal purchasers of several classes of railroad bonds, and to that department have given an investment character that now may prove to have been fictitions. It would be folly to attempt to belittle the importanceof the suspension of the firm, whose correspondence covers the whole of the United States, and whose suspension in 1873 was the signal for the closing of the Stock Exchange: but it would be equal folly for any one to lose his head on that account. The failure, however, changed the whole temper of speculation and probably only failed in making a new panic because the limit of twenty minutes was too short to permit of its development. Prices ran down 112@3 per cent and in a majority of cases wiped out all of the early gains, and in some instances left figures lower than last evening. Affairs between the banks worked smoothly about $4,000,000 of the new Clearing House certificates were issued. of which the Metropolitan, which resumed basiness at noon, took out $2,000,000. The market closed feverish and weak. Governments bonds were dull and weak, even be-


Article from The Middlebury Register and Addison County Journal, May 16, 1884

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FRIDAY. MAY 16, 1884. For Representative in Congress, JOHN W. STEWART OF MIDDLEBURY. THERE was a panic in Wall street, New York, Wednesday. Several firms of brokers suspended and one bank, the Metropolitan, closed its doors. It is the lieved the worst is over,


Article from Fort Worth Daily Gazette, May 16, 1884

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"BECAUSE IT WANTED TO." NEW YORK, May 15.-The Commercial says the general subject of dis. cussion was the remarkable position assumed by President Seney and the directors of the Metropolitan, who announced that the bank suspended, not because it had to, but because it chose to.


Article from The Salt Lake Herald, May 16, 1884

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# BRIEF TELEGRAMS. Denver, 14.--News to-day of suspensions in New York created a sensation in financial circles here. A few country banks have small accounts with the Metropolitan, but not sufficiently large to affect their solvency. No fears are entertained for Denver banks. Toronto, 14.-Committee of management of Toronto corn exchange association, reports the past year as the most unsatisfactory from a business point of view in the history of the association. Mexico, 14.- Central party was received by President Gonzales, and secretary of public works Palheca, this noon at 1.30 o'clock. The party gave a reception to distinguished Mexicans on a Pullman car. The Fifth Regiment band was sent to the station by the government party. They will travel by daylight and visit Quartaro to-morrow. Cairo, 14.-England has forbidden the sending of Egyptian troops only to Wadyhalfa; murder at Dongola continues; people ask for reinforcements. The telegraph line was cut beyond Debbah, a short distance south of Dongola. Vienna, 14.- A family of six persons were murdered at Buezaco, in Galicia. One child hid and escaped. The motive of the murder was robbery. The miscreants escaped. Paris, 14.-Near Laundy depot on the plains of St. Denis, one railway is carried over another. Last night owing to an error of the pointsman, a freight train on the upper road ran into a siding, and was precipitated upon the line beneath, at the very moment the express train to Boulogne was passing. The engine driver of the Boulogne train was killed and thirty-one persons were injured.


Article from The Palatka Daily News, May 21, 1884

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Questions. "EDITOR DAILY NEWS. "What is the New York Clearing House? How did it stop the panic? "THE CLUB." The best banks in New York belong to an organization called "The Associated Banks." Whenever one of these has a check on another, it is sent to the Clearing house for adjustment. Thus No. 1 may owe No. 2 a thousand dollars. No. 2 owes No. 1 five hundred-both checks are sent to the Clearing House, and No. 2 draws on the Clearing House for five hundred. Instead of making a thousand collections per day from each other, all the checks on members of the association are sent to the Clearing House, and the result is credited or debited. It will thus be seen that the Clearing House is the agent of the Associated Banks and operates independently of each for the benefit of all. When the Metropolitan suspended, a committee from the Clearing House found it had ample securities, but could not realize. Thereupon the "Associated Banks pooled their issues"-that is to say, a committee examined the assets of each bank within the organization. The committee took whatever security was safe, from each bank, and deposited the whole in the Clearing House. All of these were footed up, and the Clearing House then held itself in readiness to give certified checks to each bank for seventy-five per cent. of its deposit. The banks were in danger only because they could not realize on their securities; the certified checks were taken for currency, and the banks floated without being obliged to rush their securities into the market. Such a rush would have made a crash, sven as a thousand pigs in one day would ruin the pork market of Palatka. One bank president from Hartford rushed into New York with four millions in currency. Why? Because he thought when the crash came, the banks must have ready money, and he could get a high rate of interest per day, exactly as one pig would sell dearly in town when there is a scarcity of pork. English capitalists rushed into New York. Why? Because they thought the banks would be obliged to realize on their securities and these would be cheap at a forced sale. The action of the Associated Banks restored confidence, because the amount of currency in New York could all be drawn to the threatened points; the certified checks of the Clearing House supplied


Article from Weekly Phoenix Herald, May 22, 1884

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RUMORS - CATCHING SENSATIONAL THE INFECTION. NEW YORK, WALL STREET, May 14, 12:30 p. m.-There is a sensational rumor affecting the solvency of several of the banks, but upon in. vestigation proved them false, except in the instance of the Metropol itan. The oil exchange caught the Infection very soon and panic prices ensued and dropped ten points. Secretary Foiger says the break is due to the reckless speculation by & few men, and the situation is not inherently weak; he will do everything in his power to prevent stringency. He stated that there was plenty of money in the country: "I do not anticipate any extensive panic. The situation IS not as weak as people suppose I shall do anything in my power to restore confidence." A telegram from Twenty. third street reports three lines of deposis tors,


Article from Weekly Phoenix Herald, May 22, 1884

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AN ILLINOIS BANK SUSPENDS. CHICAGO, May 15.-The Journal's Quincy, III., special says: The Union Bank, of this city, has failed to open its doors this morning. When the Marine Bank, of New York, failed the Union transferred its accounts to the Metropolitan, and the closing of that bank yesterday caused its suspension.


Article from The Indianapolis Journal, May 24, 1884

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Kind, truthful and noble words were spoken, as, in his own language, Baptists dipped their flag in saluting that of their brethren. Dr. Goodwin's Harrowing Experience. Special to the Indianapolis Journal. QUINCY, III., May 23.-Rev. Dr. Goodwin, of this city, has just returned from a visit to the General Conference, at Philadelphia, having had a queer experience in money matters. Thinking a draft on New York safer and more convenient than currency, he took his spending money and some church funds in a draft on the Marine Bank, but before he got ready to use it the Marine Bank had suspended. He returned the draft to the Quincy bank for better funds, and received a draft on the Metropolitan, but on the day of its arrival the Metropolitan suspended. Nothing daunted, he again returned the draft to the Quincy bank, but by the time it reached here the Quincy bank was closed, leaving the doctor a penniless stranger in a strange land, to get home on borrowed money.


Article from New-York Tribune, June 2, 1884

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wreckers declared, with curious ignorance, tl the banks had suppressed the details becau they did not dare to show how the different stitutions stood. The statement, when compar with that of May 17, shows a remarkable shi ing of accounts during the two weeks of excit ment and disaster. The Metropolitan had 1 $5,600,000 deposits, but was in a much bett condition than before; one other bank had lo $1,600,000, another $3,000,000, and thr others between $2,000,000 and $3,000,00 each, these being mainly banks having a lar number of accounts for banks in the interie On the other hand, the City Bank gain $4,200,000 in deposits, the American Exchan $1,300,000, and ten others smaller amount showing, in addition to the withdrawal of co siderable deposits by the interior banks, a shit ing of important accounts and an extensi liquidation. The stocks formerly held by soi banks in large amounts have been turned in cash, while the deposits of large customers other institutions have been invest in securities at the unusually low prio reached a week ago. In general, though sor of the banks hold less than the 25 per cent 1 serve, the condition is decidedly better th vague rumors had led people to suppose, an with the effective union of all the banks, and improvement in the tone of the market, t prospect is much brighter. Though sor money went out of town, the only thing neede even at the worst, was proof that the banks h full confidence in each other. That was giv in part by the agreement to unite forces ai issue certificates, and for the public still mo effectively by the publication of the detail statement on Saturday. It must be conced that the action of the banks in this emergen has been generally worthy of high praise. The stock market is evidently in strong han again. What immediate movement may S1 the chief manipulators it is of course impos ble to say. But the fact is that stocks ha been purchased in large amount for inve ment, and have thus become more searce in : Street than they had been before for a lo time. It is reported that a large shipment gold will arrive from Europe this week lar sums have certainly come in from the interi in payment for securities taken away. If bad news comes to disturb reviving confider an improvement in prices seems probable. B the people who live on public calamities ha strong hope that the frost, or the flood, or soi other great disaster to the country, may y help them out. The frost has done great damage in a f Eastern States to vegetables, but it does 1 appear to have reached the corn belt at all, to have harmed any of the important croj The floods in Arkansas and Louisiana ha harmed cotton within a limited area. as ha heavy rains in part of Texas, but the tone of t market, which has been declining, indicat that those who make it a study do not consid the injury important. All evidence points to large yield of wheat and corn. Perhaps t most decisive indication is that Chicago ban are generally refusing to loan on wheat, clair ing that three years is long enough to car it, and that it would be better for the tra " to let the price find its legitimate shippir level." If these views had been acted up long ago, the country would have been rich than it is. A similar feeling was manifest here on Saturday by S ome banks in regard long contracts on cotton, and the number notices issued was unusually large. It is healthy sign that speculation generally seer to be halting as one dispatch from Chica abserved, Operators have concluded to qu the deal until the market is in condition whe they can use some judgment." Sooner or late it will be recognized as the part of wisdom quit the deal always, when the markets a not in such condition. The railroads are never quite at peace who the traffic is too light to keep them all busy, b they are nevertheless doing a fairly large bus ness. The assertion which has been 80 oft made that at a 15-cent rate the roads haulir grain from Chicago are actually losing mone on every bushel taken does not impress ti public much, in view of the efforts made by tl roads to get more bushels to carry even at th rate. A change in the wheat movement, hoy ever. would be of great advantage to the rai roads, as to the country generally, and such change is to be speedily expected, if no serio injury occurs to the growing crop. Economi on the Union Pacific are stated to have sav $98,000 per month in expenses, and the tran fer of the Wabash to the control of a receive as explained by its friends, is calculated to pe manently benefit the company by chopping unprofitable leases and contracts. The repo that the company is about to begin a war rates is officially denied. The convention this week is likely to have large influence upon the financial prospect Business men who never vote the Republic: ticket, as well as those who do, understand th Democratic success in the Presidential electic would mean a prolonged agony of uncertaint if not a financial earthquake. Hence the non nation of a candidate deemed likely to be d feated, irrespective of his personal merit, mig affect business interests unfavorably, at lea for a short time. But the nomination by t Republicans of a strong and probably invircil


Article from The Sun, June 19, 1884

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How are the Mighty Fallen? New York Letter. The calamities connected with the recent panic culminated in the suicide of Thomas Grinnell. He was in a good financial condition, but was the victim of fear and anxiety to a degree that drove him mad. No one out-side of Wall street can form any idea of the intensity of the excitement at such a time. The deceased was a brother of George B. Grinnell (also a leading stock operator), and the tragedy throws a shadow over a wide circle of the highest class of societv. Other fatal consequences may be expected, and indeed it is expected that the Ward & Grant collapse will kill Gen. Grant. He is much shattered and has really suffered more than he did during the whole war. The friends of James D. Fish also say that this will be the death of him. A few days ago he considered himself worth a million and a half and was president of a bank whose stock was in demand at 167. Now the bank is ruined and he has been arrested and is under bail. Considering his time of life, it would not be surprising if these misfortunes proved fatal. George I. Seney, being younger, has a better chance of surviving. but he too is a ruined man. and has ruined one bank (the Atlantic) and has almost ruined another (the Metropolitan), besides the injury inflicted on the West Side bank. As one views the array of prostrate magnates one cannot but exclaim: "How are the mighty fallen?"


Article from Kansas Agitator, February 17, 1899

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A BEING TRUE STORY OF FERDINAND WARD. I. of In my diary on May notes: 22. 1884. I jotted the down these random Grant & Ward and that "The failure bank precipitated on the Wednesday. crash followed Marine in Wall street. terribly exciting bank, time May 14. It was a Metropolitan that morning. The president, suspended. seven George was L. immediately Seney, followed brokerage by firms. and and well known banks. particuold runs on other the Phoethe mix. larly There John the were Second c. Eno. National president over $3,000,000 and of the former. of have made away with which would R funds of the institution. his father, Amos down but for the deficit. gone Eno. making good sea of moving. yel! cursing saw their "Wall street humanity. was a The crowd sav- of mad. ing. excited people who rushed hither gaping and ings of years disappear irresistible force, doors thither with at the bolted whose hooting and swearing suspension was tried an- to of the firms Ten thousand people galleries of the nounced. their way into the curiosity hunters The stock force exchange morbid iron girders creak and the restless arose that making the thick eddy of heads, from floor almost was deafening a threatened hum to Spreading raise the 1,200 lusty throats anchorage. hall roof ways. through from it closed spent without its its doors and force and startled upon narrow as the Secretary he angry stood multitude from his troubled sub-treasury smile looking Folger a window of scenes the below. to stoop narrow and down in upon the marks the entrance when the the "A bank, bared for them were quickly it the heavy Metropolitan doors were closed fiercely steps and and desperrushed until The ten crowd pushed the iron Broadway yard and ex spread ately. mob packed, across but the stone church against on for blocks. railing of and Trinity down arrested the street at last default and tended "Ward up has Ludlow been street appears jail in that Gen- his locked $300,000 up in ball. upon It the now good name of of the States, eral of transactions Ulysses S. Grant, amount ex-p to some $14,000, the on 000. United Shortly of February after banking three & Ward-an months hours Napoleon before office boy the of 13th of Grant Young called him. Finance. failure announced stranger as to the the waited ex- -president in the name? anteroom What to that see him. What is business: his asked who, Ward. the seeing millions is Who the nature is he? grown of his nervous terible with catastrophe juggling " said the boy. he he said Late, ahead. "He called trusted and "and to when no see would stranger. General I told like him to Grant," it talk was with too exone u. "His name? give it to any countryman "He rufeses looks like and a is eveldently of ardonically ept rom you. the Southern being He to buncoed. Tier. "Oh,well, 10 exceed let afraid Ward smiled in. but tell him I am and Ingly him come busy. actively signing office documents attendants He was buttons for Cattaraugus warmly county farmer from hands visifor when ? walked pressing in. They a shook chair latter's and asking age was his manner Ward pulling to be seated. up The brusque and prompt, about 55, his Johnson. of the partner Ferdiname Interrogatively. Ward. his gineral?" "So you he are said Mr. a bad laughed name. Ward, nand Ward? 'Tain't are, sir, with the name for "Right Nothing you aware. wrong No for excuse you, sir? so cheerily changing far as it. I'm goes What home can about do 3:30. fit under Sorry The missed genera him. powerful sorry war. and ain't you "So 'em I, all through the But I've read how a the gineral eyes on him about since you and him. a pile of laid lot in the are papers gettin and doin what for your I'd cus- like rich you him are of idea good you and got sort was to take a a customer had in come when already sustomers. With The I've fiver time myself. view street Ward becam it affable. The were scarce am neck or nothing deposits who, as you can pected him. sure and the general for his old an account friends, say. "I does all delighted he to open beamingly "In to his would be he remarke rely upon me adwith absence you." you may veterans to mutual vantage. that would warming up. his serve "I know one said of Mr. minute Johnson, or be two all to right, for stay. Buffalo young Go man, got but 5 o'clock train saving a little ain't in' to take war the I've been and there, and good it's layin' that Since now and the then, 'round here doin' you obody and any transac- the ginjest I thought would it use liable it in the some pile of a your little it bigger tions eral and do you make say assured Can you we do will for do our- as eives. will What "You may rest as we could more. do Mr. John- open When well for Couldn' you expect you be ready to handle time no your on. eh? account business present up to the Mr. Ward. here's "Well, I'm like the the money cash cold Ain't you are he ready: unrolled excellent $30,000 actor. in expected did not a Ward, When being an though possibly he had $1,000. tossing Sumshow surprisa, of $500 he or said. carelessly deposit a clerk his hand The name his moning the Write out bank notes a receipt into for Then, this. turning hand, auded: Mr. Alling Johnson." holding out Drop in feel his is visitor Goodby and like Mr it and Johnson. see how things and chair when are going. you settled back in his the farmer reAs he himself with admiration. papers, Napoleon It was a of finance busied at him in receipt was to he him velation gazed at to work. see a When departed the with this in and the ginMr handed junction: "it's all in Ward. your hands believe in you beeral's cause I trust him. II. bethree weeks much On April 22 or 23. which about scattered clock in so Ward's the failure, as the announced the fore in the street, caller was through formulaThe ruin office Young struck "Who Napoleon is went he? What's his usual