16187. Mercantile Bank (New York, NY)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run Only
Bank Type
state
Start Date
October 19, 1907
Location
New York, New York (40.714, -74.006)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
35cd69ec

Response Measures

Accommodated withdrawals, Borrowed from banks or large institutions, Books examined

Description

Articles (Oct 1907) describe heavy withdrawals on the Mercantile, Clearing House assistance and examination that disclosed impaired surplus and large director loans (Heinze/Tomas/Morse). The bank received clearing-house aid and remained open; no suspension or permanent closure of Mercantile is reported in these pieces. I set bank type to unknown because the name as given lacks a clear charter indicator in the text.

Events (1)

1. October 19, 1907 Run
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Clearing House examinations disclosed an impaired surplus and large loans to Heinze/Morse/Thomas interests; publicized impairment prompted withdrawals.
Measures
Clearing House extended assistance to meet clearances (reported assistance of $400,000 and earlier help; overall clearing-house accommodation to cover debit balances).
Newspaper Excerpt
The Clearing House had to take one hold in order to keep the bank open and protect the interests of its depositors. Without Clearing House help it for would have been closed yesterday morning. the bank was short of funds to meet its clearances.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (3)

Article from The Sun, October 19, 1907

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BANK DIRECTORS FORCED OUT I I I I , I 1 I 1 I a & e I | . 1 e I ( Date I I Y # a 1 I A I 1 , I . I B . 1 Insurance I I . 1 I . I I I i I i I 1 | I i I $ I I I I I i I I I I I 1 I I i I 1 I $ . I . I I of the Wontern Pacific and the only Gould Form I I I I I $ I I 1 I I I I I 1 I Mr Ridgely entigned to any I I I $ I 1 I s I Information I I I 1 I I Rever BEEN Items | I E I I @ I I I i duet of the hand and Byev will also have the I 5 I E ing Housen in acquiring the controlling interest in the stock Mr Ridgely married . daughter of Senstor Shelby M. Cullom of Illinois and 11 --- considered reasonable to suppose that he will also hring strong backing from the West. Whatever the names of the individuals, it was said, the bank would certainly be controlled by internate independent of those with which it has latterly been concerned in the Banking field F Augustus Heinze at the Waldorf last night threw a discordant note into the negotiations for the transfer, though it in believed that he has already given an option on a large part of his holdings have not sold 18. share of my stock. said Mr. Heinze "and am still in control of the Mercantile Bank. The whole miserable situation is the result of the action of the Clearing House committee Instead of coming out with a statement saying that the bank was entirely solvent they made lot of remarks about the impairment of a surplus and started a run on the bank in the nope of attracting deposits to their It was institutions. pointed out by a prominent banker after the Heinze utterances were quoted that the expressions hardly comported with the tender of Mr Heinze's his resignation as director and the acceptance of the as resignation as president Moreover, accusations of selfish motives on the part of the Clearing House committee were declared to be absurd. The situation, it was said, was perfectly apparent to every The Clearing House had to take one hold in order to keep the bank open and protect the interests of its depositors. Without Clearing House help it for would have been closed yesterday morning. the bank was short of funds to meet its clearances. As a final and entirely conclusive refutation of the charge it was pointed out that if the other banks had wanted business they would have let the Mercantile fail Mercantile's debit balance to the The $745,000 Clearing House yesterday was The debit balance came on top of a debit balance of $600 $600,000 Thursday morning. The latter the bank was able to pay but aid was extended to it vesterday morning the extent of $400,000 by way of helping to to meet the second debit balance Memhers of the Clearing House committee were present at the Clearing House when saw the clearances were in progress and assistance was given promptly that As the stated yesterday the Clearing House committee found the bank entirely solvent, The though its surplus was impaired deposits the examiners found to be a bit than $11,000,000 as compared with more more than $19,000,000 when the HeinzeThomas party acquired control. The loans about $18,000,000, practically the same were ortedinlast week bank statement The deposits were reduced to a small amount The amount of the surplus and undivided profits reported in last week bank statement was $5,043,000. To just how great an extent this fund was impaired not even the examiners could say definitely, for the reason that it was represe represented in part by securities not readily marketable Excluding all these securities, the amount the depreciation was about $4,000,000. of would have been unfair of course to but it Eventually report any such shrinkage. the securities might be worth the face value the $4,000,000, as has been found the case, of notably in the liquidation of the Ninth National Bank, on several occasions in the past The examiners found loans to F. AugusHeinze or his brokers. Other directus of the bank, it was reported, had loan tors accounts with it. The amount which under the banking laws a bank may loan to any individual is 10 per cent. of the comone bined capital and surplus provided that amount does not exceed 30 per cent. of the bank's capital In the case of the Mercantile with a capital of $3,000,000 and surplus $4,000,000 the largest individual loan of would thus be $700,000 It was said by a prominent Clearing House banker that the aggregate of these loans to a few directors approximately $2,000,000. Some loans was the bank it was said. were secured by in United Copper and other stocks in which Heinze party is interested but it was not the declared that the loans of the directors were such collateral. It was recalled that on on Tuesday F. Augustus Heinze said that nited Copper had been accepted at the bank as collateral. None of the loans of the bank was a call or in Wall Street banking parlance a loan, "street loan. Unlike most banks in or near financial district the loans were time the loans entirely and not collectible instantly The aggregate of loans, $18,000,000, exthe deposits $11,000,000. by $6,000,000. in ceeded addition to which the bank had resources its 000 $3,000,000 capital and surplus. Even in conceding a depreciation in the surplus there was not the slightest doubt that the bank had a balance of several millions on the right side of the ledger "The Mercantile is in a fine position, declared acting President Miles M. o O'Brien, "and solid as a rock. Representatives of the firm of Otto Heinze & Co., suspended from the Stock liabilities Exchange the previous day said that the of the firm would be about $2,000,000 In this estimate, it became known. there is not included the $500,000 claimed by Gross & Kleeberg or the claims of some other The Gross & Kleeberg claim was brokers virtually repudiated. One of the attorneys for the Heinze firm announced that f the creditors next there


Article from The Birmingham Age-Herald, October 27, 1907

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EW York once more paying the penalty of frenzied finance. N "It's the President who has caused all this; he has destroyed credit," wailed the gentry of high finance when the bank flurry was at its height. The people, however, are not likely to be hoodwinked. They are more likely to put it down that a few gentlemen were caught gambling with other people's money and made to pay the penalty therefor, the innocent suffering with the guilty as is always the case. To those who have been observing the trend of the banking business for the last few years, the threatened panic was not surprising. To get at the cause of the present disturbance one must go back to 1901, an era of mad extravagance in Wall street promoting schemes. It was often remarked at that time by conservatives that absurdly high figures were being bid for the stock of New York banking institutions. At first this buying was ascribed to important financial interests who desired to gain control of banks to aid them in their syndicate undertakings. It wasn't long, however, until the truth came out. The buying was being done by the adventurers of Wall street, second rate financiers, men who sometimes gain notoriety by running a shoestring into millions. Each man's idea was to secure control of a string of banks and trust companies. This was his scheme: He would buy a controlling interest in the stock of one bank, put up his stock as collateral for loans in another bank, and use the proceeds of such loans to get control in still another institution-repeating the operation with each successive purchase. The result was that in a short time a few reckless men of no standing were in control of a group of banks through mere stock ownership on margin. Immediately they packed the boards of directors of the different institutions with their tools and proceeded to use the funds of the banks for their private speculations. For the half dozen years that this has been going on financiers of standing have realized the grave danger that menaced the banking situation, but they were powerless to do anything. No one outside of the national banking department had the right to examine the affairs of the institutions that were being undermined or to question their methods of operation. It was the collapse of the attempt to corner United Copper stock that furnished the opportunity for a house cleaning. The Mercantile bank applied to the clearing house for assistance and, of course, the clearing house had the right to dictate the condition under which it would furnish asistance. The institutions loans and collateral were examined and it was found. as had been suspected, that the speculative owners had, been loading up its surplus account with their own doubtful securities. The bank was cleared of C. W. Morse and E. R. Thomas and their immediate associates and then assistance was furnished. Then came the suspension of the Knickerbocker Trust company, due to the same causes, but the


Article from The Sun, April 30, 1910

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Heinze's connection with the market operations in United Copper while he was acting as president of the Mercantile Bank the Government put on the stand Max H. Schultze. one of the partners of the firm of Otto Heinze s Co., who is alleged to have been the manager of the pool in United Copper. He identified the following letter. dated June 12. 1907. which he had written to Mr. Heinze as president of the bank: As I informed you over the telephone, I have taken on yesterday 900 shares of United Copper and this morning 150 shares on a cable from Paris. I request that you let me have $60,000 against 1,000 shares of United Copper, which I will return before the 20th, as I have engaged credit in Paris. Please let me know at once. This loan was made that same day and paid back on the 20th. What went on in the Mercantile's board after the Heinze interests took control of the Mercantile and the big loans to the Heinze. Morse and Thomas interests began was touched on in the testimony of two of the directors. who were called in the afternoon. One of these, Dick 8. Ramsay, president of the East River Savings Thank, said that upon Heinze's return from a visit to Hot Springs, Ark., in April. 1907, he went to him and told him that the bank had been running behind its reserve almost continuously for twenty-five dave and that he thought it ought to be made good at once. Continuing he said: "Mr O. F. Thomas then made a proposition that each member of either the executive committee or the hoard of directors contribute $50,000 apiece to the reserve fund. When this proposition came to me I declined. E. R. Thomas then asked me what suggestion I had to make I said if the call loan borrowers, of which he was one of the largest, should pay their debts & there would be no necessity for such a proposition." Among the largest borrowers as he recollected at that time were F. R. Thomas, Maclay s Co., the Thomas brokers and Otto Heinze s Co William Skinner. the other director. said that in August he remembered a talk at which it was suggested that to help the bank out of its difficulties the smaller depositors should pay up their indebtedness. By this class he meant. he said, the commercial depositors. This sugges. tion, he said, came from Charles W. Morse, who was then head of the executive committee There was also a suggestion that the directors put up $100,000. but he told Mr Heinze that he could not put up any such sum. "I thought, however, it was dangerous to run the bank below the reserve. as we had been doing." he said. The last witness of the day was Otto Heinze. and one of the first questions Mr. Wise put to him was if he knew where the private ledger showing the private accounts of the members of his firm was He said he did not, but he thaught that Mr. Wise had it. "I have in my possession." said Mr. Wise, "certain books, and I ask that the witness be permitted to examine them to see if this book is among them. These books are all that we could find belonging to the witness's firm It took three men to carry in all the books of the firm. Mr. Heinze looked them over and then said that the private ledger was not among them and that be hadn't seen it since the firm failed. on October 16. 1907. Taking up then the United Copper pool. Mr. Wise asked him if there was any agreement regarding United Copper in 1905. The witness said that there was such an agreement between Arthur P. Heinze, Otto Heinze s Co., Max Schultze and F. Augustus Heinze. "That agreement was. he said, "that we should protect the interests of our stockholders, our company and ourselves. We were to buy United Copper stock. Our credit and the credit of our company had been constantly attacked by the Standard Oil Company and its interests. Our stockholders had become disgruntled because the stock had been forced down in the market. We were to buy the stock to protect us from such attacks. When it was thrown on the market we were to buy at such price as we saw fit." The witness said that this statement covered what was known as pools Nos. 1. 2 and 3. Mr. Stanchfield had been on his feet objecting from the minute this line of questioning had been taken up. insisting that as F. A. Heinze was in no such pool in 1907 it should not be admitted. The Court finally decided to listen to an argument on this Monday morning and the trial was adjourned until then, with