15758. Bank of Picher (Picher, OK)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run โ†’ Suspension โ†’ Closure
Bank Type
state
Start Date
January 1, 1930*
Location
Picher, Oklahoma (36.987, -94.831)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
ee5c1a72be2aa06d

Response Measures

None

Description

Articles refer to the defunct Bank of Picher which failed in January 1930. They describe a run that started on the bank prior to its failure (withdrawals spurred by publicity about Gaines and Wolff and related trade acceptances/embezzlement allegations), trusteeship/liquidation, and ensuing criminal prosecutions. I infer a run led to suspension and permanent closure with liquidation/receiver activity. Bank charter type is not stated (no National/State/Trust in name), so set to unknown.

Events (3)

1. January 1, 1930* Run
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Publicity and adverse information about officers Gaines and Wolff (trade acceptances, embezzlement allegations and publicity in Joplin) precipitated heavy withdrawals
Measures
Trusteeship appointed; liquidation proceedings described (trustees, liquidating agent handling stock); state banking department criticism noted prior to failure
Newspaper Excerpt
Run Started Bank the falldeposits the Bank before failure, Gaines testified
Source
newspapers
2. January 1, 1930* Suspension
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Bank failure in Jan 1930 after run and alleged mismanagement/embezzlement of officers; led to liquidation and appointment of trustees/receiver
Newspaper Excerpt
the bank failed in January, 1930
Source
newspapers
3. * Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
the liquidating agent for the funct Bank of Picher; trusteeship properties ... appointed trustee, bank depositors committee and the bank Trustees H. Barnett Russell of Picher approved Gaines Bank Fourth Creditor List Gaines Bank Picher credit the trusteeship properties ... the liquidating agent for the funct Bank of Picher was handling stock put into the bank by Gaines (OCR preserved phrasing).
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (5)

Article from Miami News-Record, October 25, 1931

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Article Text

OF PICHER DEALS UPRIGHT, DEFENSE AVERS Attempt Made to Prove Depression Caused Financial Difficulties SHORT SESSION HELD Embezzlement Case Not Likely to End Before Tuesday Defense attorneys had called their fourth witness to show that M. Gaines and E. were legitimate and good faith when their embezzlement trial was adjourned Saturday afternoon until Monday morning. There little prospect of finishing the case before Tuesday night, Special Judge R. Hill told juror at m. Saturday when court adjourned. Bankard, Joplin mining man with experience, was last detense witness be called Saturday gave valuable testimony support of the fense theory that Gaines and Wolff, of along with the defunct Bank of Picher, merely victims of the depression which began in 1929. The state little headway with of Bankard, Frank Sharpe, another Joplin mining pert; Henry Oesterle, manager of the Van Buren Zinc company, Younger Miami, photographer who took pictures of the smelter. Relaxation for Jury The jury kept together during the week-end but was lowed newspapers with the trial stories removed, radio, trip to church and effort was being made to truck to take them on tour of the county Sunday, enabling each visit home few minutes. The has been jury together for six days. Judge Hill said Saturday that other bank would tried this term, but that he would take the of the criminal docket as soon as this case is cluded. Almost all defense testimony when adjourned Saturday dealt with the value of the Van Buren Zinc property by Gaines Wolff and concern from which the allegedly worthless trade ceptances in embezzlement charge emanated. Smelter Valued at $300,000 Sharpe valued th smelter Van Buren, Ark., $300,000 smelter with $88,000 vage value. Bankard valued the smelter at $300,000 $450,000 October, 1929, when the trade ceptances for $20,000 were issued. Oesterle testified concerning smelter purchases from the Mine Mill Supply Company at Picher, another project. Defense said that Gaines and Wolff would be the witness stand near the close of the trial, with defense witness following Defense Outlined William defense attorney, laid the basis for defense with an opening statement the jury in which he clared four trade $5,000, each, on which the are based, executed faith, in legal form security and no way represented any embezzie Gaines and Wolfi were pictured by Thomas victims of the market crash and as being unaware alleged manipulations the bank merly vice of the bank, who died soon after the bank failJanuary 1930. Thomas gave details of the lives the bank officials, showing how both finally came this district from other states and became associated mining tures. ventures proving profitable, the extended their interests, Gaines gaining control most of the of the Bank Lucas Employed Because of his in banking, Gaines employed Lucas, then state bank aminer, upon the advice of the state to operate at the bank. Lucas, Thomas was looked upon by the state banking one of their bank examiners and well liked was by his associates. banking department thoroughly the condition of the Picher bank, Thomas said, "and they winked situation right the up Gaines upon Lucas run the bank, Thomas told the jury, only there few times during and 1929. Purchased Smelter In 1928, when smelters began curtailment the buying of Gaines his associates decided to organize unit to own and operate their smelter, Thomas said, and began with New York capitalists. Thehse italists which $500,000 used to purchase smelter at Van Buren, during this period, Thomsaid, that Gaines learned the Mine and Mill Supply Company, which Gaines Wolff owned stock, had of approxi mately the bank. When Gaines questioned accordThomas, told him the Van Buren which (Continued Page Five)


Article from Miami News-Record, October 29, 1931

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Article Text

BANK OF PICHER JURORS TONIGHT Defense Rests This Morning at Conclusion of Gaines' Testimony BANK WARNED State Official Tells of Advices Sent Year Before It Failed tonight although the hour will undoubtedly be late, the composing jury for the Picher bank embezzlement should begin their deliberations the guilt innocence of Gaines and E. H. Wolff, president director of the failed institution. The rested o'clock this morning after Gaines had tified and the state mediately began rebuttal testimony expected last until of Judge the jury will follow buttal, which attorneys the state and the defense will argue the merits the case the jury Unless un. for agreed noon, the jury allowed to work its verdict late tonight. The case Court Deputy on Stand Following recess this morning, the defense Swartz, deputy court clerk, the stand and introduced evidence informations the other crimcases pending against the fendants in effort show the jury that only the specific charge alleged should be considered in this On the witness stand today, C. cashier, never notified overdrafts of Wolff companies. also himself nor Wolff. the other interhad dollar liquidation of the funct Bank of Picher. that trusteeship Chicago Mines pany the business, Gaines appoint trustee, bank depositors committee and the bank Trustees H. Barnett Russell of Picher approved Gaines Bank Fourth Creditor List Gaines Bank Picher creditthe trusteeship properties, of Gaines mining company share to watchmen incidental expenses. Pennington, state inspector, testified rebuttal that the bank had letters department criticising before failure. Tade Acceptances Again the Gaines placing trade being that that the Mine bank and Gaines Van owed Mine Mill Supply legal and proper that bank take the carried and that perfectly legal Run Started Bank the falldeposits the Bank before failure, Gaines testified factor starting bank publicity given Joplin for Gaines and Wolff stock. normal adjournment time afternoon, Judge Hill night session held attempt to speed up the and Gaines tinued the stand until occupy court for the night about p.m.


Article from Joplin News-Herald, November 2, 1931

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OPENED brought Charles Malsbury, K. Blair and the Cotton estate, stockholdseek to oust Gaines and Wolff as officers and rectors Pycope, Inc., of Joplin, and tary, was begun this morning fore Judge Grant Emerson in sion two circuit court. The plaintiffs contend that Wolff and Gaines no longer stockholders and that they have no right control corporation. petitioned that temporary ceiver be appointed for the company pending and of officers. The petitioners in the suit furthcharge that Gaines and Wolff have denied certain stockholders access to the books and records corporation, and accounting petitioned Says Others Are Satisfied. In outlining the defense this Davidson, of the attorneys for Wolff and Gaines, stated that only the plaintHarry Blair, secretary the are dissatisfied company, with present management of the now being headed Gaines, denied all allegations set forth in the complaint. Davidson the corporation has made great progress in the last few years, generally business conditions and leged by the plaintiffs. He contended that the main bringing the suit barrass and Wolff and interfere with operations of the company. contended that Gaines and Wolff financed Pycope, Inc., from the start and that only has been paid back them, for $50,000 put into the company. He said further that neither has been paid any salary and that neither has withdrawn any money from the corporation except that which were equitably entitled. was brought out the ing statement that 438 shares stock Pycope, Inc., which Gaines owned, now is in the hands of the liquidating agent for the funct Bank of Picher. the stock having been put into the bank Gaines, president of the institution. Gaines and Wolff court with their counsel, Davidson and Thurman. The plaintiffs were being represented by Charles Grayston, Paul Bradley and GrovJames.


Article from Joplin News-Herald, November 2, 1931

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BANK OFFICERS WILL VENUE CHANGE Miami, Nov. Gaines and Wolff, whose trial on charges with the failure of the Bank Picher ended Saturday with the failing notice today County Attorney Perry Porter that they will again seek change of venue out of Ottawa county for their pending second trial. Porter said the venue change will opposed, two other tempts by the defendant to have the against Gaines and Wolff and their from the county the grounds of bias prejudice. Porter not say when Gaines and Wolff will be ordered again, but he said it probably will when the next jury called December. What charge the state will elect to try them the second time been determined. Sister of Carthage Woman Carthage, Mo., Nov. held today City for Mrs. Emma Hellen years sister Mrs. Westcott, street, died Friday night Kansas City. Mrs. Westcott had spent the ter with Mrs. Hellen for the last several years. She will remain Kansas City until after the holidays. Mrs. W. Herrick Eagle Grove, sister, the only other survivor.


Article from Shawnee News-Star, October 6, 1932

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VENUE CHANGE SOUGHT MIAMI, Oct. 5 (P)-Special District Judge Ad Coppedge late today overruled defense motions to quash information and for continuance of the trial of A. M. Gaines and E. H. Wolff, former officials of the defunct bank of Picher, charged with embezzling $20,000. Defense attorneys immediately presented motion asking change of venue, alleging that publicity given the case made fair trial in Ottawa county The bank failed in January, 1930, resulting in mass of litigation, both civil and criminal.