10934. Commercial Bank & Trust Co. (Brookhaven, MS)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run → Suspension → Closure
Bank Type
state
Start Date
January 5, 1914
Location
Brookhaven, Mississippi (31.579, -90.441)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
d0c982e3

Response Measures

Full suspension

Description

Newspaper reports state the bank closed/suspended Jan 5, 1914 after withdrawals driven by circulated rumors and inability to get a $25,000 advance from its correspondent (Whitney-Central National Bank). The bank went into hands of assignees/receivers and remained in receivership; no reopening is reported. OCR typos corrected (e.g., 'hunds'->'hands').

Events (3)

1. January 5, 1914 Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
The doors of the bank have been closed ... the assets placed in the hands of L. Cohn and L. H. Baggett, assignees, who have executed a surety bond ... who will administer the affairs of the bank under the orders of the Chancery Court.
Source
newspapers
2. January 5, 1914 Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Rumors circulated that the bank was unstable which led depositors to steadily withdraw accounts; large withdrawals that morning (about $15,000) precipitated the crisis.
Measures
Directors closed the doors and placed the bank in hands of assignees; funds were placed in envelopes earmarked due to expected suspension.
Newspaper Excerpt
The doors of the bank have been closed ... The direct and sudden cause of the closure was the refusal of the Whitney-Central National Bank, of New Orleans, correspondents of the Commercial Bank, to advance $25,000 in cash ... by the steady and constant withdrawal of accounts ... up to the closing of the bank at 11:30 about $15,000 had been withdrawn by checks during the morning.
Source
newspapers
3. January 5, 1914 Suspension
Cause
Correspondent
Cause Details
Immediate cause of the closure was refusal of the Whitney-Central National Bank (correspondent) to advance $25,000 on collateral; combined with prior withdrawals, this forced suspension/assignment to assignees by directors.
Newspaper Excerpt
Notice to the Public:-The doors of the bank have been closed by order of the directors and the assets placed in the hands of L. Cohn and L. H. Baggett, assignees... We are certain the bank is solvent and will pay all depositors in full.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (8)

Article from The Semi-Weekly Leader, January 7, 1914

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Sudden Action Taken Monday, Followed by Small Sized Panic. ASSIGNEES APPOINTED AND UNDER $876.833,17 BOND TO ADMINISTER AFFAIRS. No Run Made on Other Banks, Who Took in More Money Than They Paid Out--Conditions Are Now Normal. The Commercial Bank & Trust has weathered storms and seasons Co., one of the oldest banking inof all kinds for more than twentystitutions in this section, closed its five years, with an increased busidoors at 11:30 on Monday and went ness in some years almost phenomenal. into the hunds of assignees after a meeting of the Bcard of Directors, The failure of Monday is the who made final decision in their direct result of rumors circulated, session at that hour that this was whether true or not. which cannot the best course to pursue for the now be ascertained, for the past best interests of all financially confew months, to the effect that the cerned. The direct and sudden bank was in an unstable condition cause of the closure was the refusal and liable to go to the wall at any of the Whitney-Central National time. These rumors were in the Bank, of New Orleans, correspondmain circulated in the county and ents of the Commercial Bank, to others adjoining, as well as smaller advance $25,000 in cash on collatertowns near here, from which the al said to have been held by them closed bank drew a large clientele from the Commercial. of customers and never resulted in The following notice was posted a run on the bank. It was only on the closing of the bank's doors: by the steady and constant with"Notice to the Public:-The drawal of accounts that the final doors of the bank have been closed closure was effected. A withdrawby order of the directors and the al of about $25,000 of the banks assets placed in the hands of L. steady accounts last week and its Cohn and L. H. Baggett, assignees, inability today to realize on its who have executed a surety bond holdings brought the final action of its directors. in the sum of $876,833.17. who will administer the affairs of the bank Up to the closing of the bank at under the orders of the Chancery 11:30 about $15,000 had been withCourt. We are certain the bank is drawn by checks during the mornsolvent and will pay all depositors ing, one check being for $11,000.00. in full. A large number of deposits were "Stockholders should realize at received during the morning, folleast $150,000 after all creditors lowing a good Saturday's business have been paid. The cause of this in Brookhaven, this day in general action was brought about by the being the best one of the week, but withdrawal of deposits, depleting none of the cash taken in was used the cash reserve below normal busto pay the checks coming in. All iness requirements. The course of this money was put in envelopes taken became necessary to preserve and ear-marked, on account of the the assets of the bank for the benbank's expected suspension and atefit of all concerned." torneys for the bank will ask ChanImmediately following the closcellor P. Z. Jones for an order to return it to the depositors ing of the doors of the bank, as the The assets of the bank are valued news spread, what might be called a small panic rapidly spread all at $876,833.17 with deposits of over the town and into the country about $600.000. Mr. L. H. Bagwith a bond in tishier of the bank county people in attendance on the uation of the assCohn, a director. opening day's session of Circuit entire time to the speedy liquidaCourt. tiou of the bank's affairs, which The news of the failure came as a will no doubt be hastened on acthunderbolt to the great majority count of the residence here of of depositors and public in general, due to the generally accepted infalThe


Article from The Semi-Weekly Leader, January 21, 1914

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NEW BANK WILL HELP The Putting Into Circulation of More Money Here the Main Stimulus. There has been some little discussion about the probable relation of the new National Bank to the Commercial Bank & Trust Co, , now in the hands of receivers. The fact is that the National Bank can be of no more assistance to the Commercial than either of the two other hanks in Brookhaven, except by putting into circulation an additional $100,000 in this community. The new bank will help to liquidate secured indebtedness to the Commercial by taking over from the Commercial mortgages and securities, the value of which will go to the credit of its waiting, depositors while untying the hands of the owners of these papers and permitting him or her to continue business or retain his home on borrowed money, just as was done when the Commercial was running. Thus is elucidated a problem that could not be solved without assistance from other banks. Neither the receivers nor the attorneys of the Commercial Bank & Trust Co have anything whatever to do with the new Bank Every cent that is paid out by Assignees L. Cohn and L. H. Baggett has to be paid by a special order from court. The fact is that, under the big bond given by the assignees, the depositors of the Commercial are better safe-guarded now than when the Bank was open and running. Brookhaven would welcome any number of banks just now to tide over its affairs and will receive with cordial confidence the new National, that comes as a benefaction to our people.


Article from The Semi-Weekly Leader, February 25, 1914

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In the affairs of the Commercial Bank & Trust Co., the time has arrived for which The Leader has waited and for which it has urged the depositors to wait with that patient endurance in a trying situation and that admirable equa: nimity which have characterized the majority since the Bank closed In other words, the report has been filed, and there is no need for further speculation along that line a The Leader has maintained steadfastly cheerful and hopeful attitude to the end that no hasty judgment or impulsive act should embarrass the depositors or the insticution, however handicapped both were by precedent established in such failures or the prejudice that naturally inheres when a banking institution closes with the people's money on the inside. We believed and still believe that the Bank should be given every opportunity to prove that it was a victim of the times or that it overcropped itself through philanthropie effort to help the poor farmer and build up the county, or that it recklessly abused the confidence of the people. Be this as it may for the present, the records show that up to about three years ago the Bank did not only a satisfactory, but an immense business, and that at about that time instead of fortifying itself, by conservatism in making large loans, against the odds threatened in the oncoming boll weevil depredation, it plunged on like a ship into an angry storm and took risks that spelled nothing as distinctly as the disaster that has come. And now the generosity of the management, the sympathy for the needy, the ready hand to help and the conspicuous public spirit and enterprising reputation of the institution are all obscured like a vision in a mist; and in their stead the provident father of families, the underpaid school teacher, the widow and the orphan and depositors generally stand dismayed and afraid, in view of the first report of the closed institution. It appears to them that there has been loose banking and that undue risk has been taken with their money; that favoritism in the families of the President and head Cashier, counting up in dollars and cents over $125,000, shows injustice to the depositors in the face of the closure, especially since only 5 per cent of the stock can legally be loaned Directors, and since it is known that less than a quarter of the sum mentioned would have kept the institution on its feet but was not forthcoming at any time when the bank weakened a year or more ago and finally went under. Just here emphasis is laid upon the fact that confidence in the institution had been undermined not only in the county, but in the State and the great business centers and that no amount offered on January 5 could avail anything in the face of broken faith. In other words, it was confidence that was needed; and the lack of it closed the bank and doubtless threatened it with the rushing in of an outside receiver The Board of Directors, in the face of such a dilemma, deliberately chose then, it appears from the evidence we have gathered, to voluntarily close, as they did. When the Whitney Bank of New Orleans did the unusual thing and refused a loan, small indeed by comparison, on the memorable Monday morning, the die was cast. And the tremors of the earth felt


Article from The Semi-Weekly Leader, April 18, 1914

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JUDGE JONES GIVES NOTICE OF INTENTION TO ISSUE ORDER THAT SHOULD SATISFY ALL IN DISPOSITION OF BANK'S AFFAIRS PLAN PROPOSED BY CHANCELLOR IS ENDORSED BY COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO REPRESENT DEPOSITORS AS WELL AS THE GENERAL PUBLIC AS BEING FAIR AND PRACTICAL. Proposed Order Far-Reaching in Results Expected, Including Personal Liability of Directors and Stockholders, Appraisement of Assets at Present Day Valuations, and the Taking Out of Court by Organization of Company. The committee appointed at the adopted by the depositors at their depositors' meeting of the Com- meeting held at the court house of mercial Bank & Trust Co. last Sat- this county on April 11, 1914, or urday to carry out their wishes for any cause not mentioned, the expressed in resolutions held a receivers and their attorneys or consultation with Judge Jones any or either of them should be removed Wednesday afternoon. The situation was discussed from all view 4. \ Whether in their judgment points as to the resolutions passed and opinion an appointment should be made of all of the assets of the as well as otherwise; but ended without any action being taken bank and a valuation placed thereOn Thursday morning Judge on in accordance with present day Jones submitted to the committee conditions and valuations with the as well as to the assignees a propoview of placing receiver's certifisition he has under consideration cates thereon, notes or other evidences of debt based on such valuawith a view to passing an order to carry it into effect which he be- tions so as to pave the way for taklieves will tend to satisfy all coning this concern out of the court cerred. and providing for its liquidation by less cumbersome and burdenThe plan is meeting with general approbation as both feasible and some means than court procedure. P. Z. JONES, Chancellor. practical by both depositors and the


Article from The Semi-Weekly Leader, May 2, 1914

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April 28, 1914. Hon. *P. z. Jones, Chancellor, Brookhaven, Miss. Dear Sir:-In accordance with the terms of my employment I have filed a schedule of the assets and liabilities of the Commercial Bank & Trust Co., Brookbaven, Miss., as of the day it suspended business, Jan. 5. 1914, and have audited the accounts of said bank from Nov. 15, 1912, to closing date as mentioned above. I have made a very close examination of the accounts of the bank and while I had to accept sundry debit slips as vouchers for expenditures on real estate account, expense, etc., and found that there had been several instances of small inaccuracies at the teller's window, etc, I found nothing in the ac. counts of the bank that would lead me to believe that any misapplication of funds has taken place. The items of real estate and expense mentioned above seem in line and are fully set out in these accounts and came under the scrutiny of the auditing committee, etc. and I think they are all right. The affairs of the bank were audited at regular intervals by an auditing committee composed of Mr. David Cohn and Mr. Ferd V. Becker and it seems that these gentlemen did their work very systematically and with thoroughness and I do not believe any considerable misapplication of the funds of the bank or the squandering of its assets could have escaped them. I have attached. analyses of the operating accounts of the bank NO that you may see that the earnings were in line. I also attach analyses of the real estate and expense accounts and itemized statements of the profit and loss and other accounts through which any misapplication of funds would have had to be run other than in the matter of loans, and this is treated later in this report. There are sundry adjustments to be made on the schedule of assets and liabilities as indicated in the reconciliation statements attached hereto These will all be made by the assignees in their next report, at which time they will also report on insolvent or worthless bills receivable, etc, and will ask to be credited with same and charged with any items of assets not set out in the original schedule. The adjustment items will change the condition as exhibited very little but there will doubtless be substantial reductions for bad paper. In this connection 1 will state that


Article from The Semi-Weekly Leader, June 27, 1914

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After calling the assignees and their attorneys into court as well as the depositors' committee appointed to represent the latter in the affairs of the defunct Commercial Bank & Trust Co. on Wednesday afternoon Chancellor P. Z Jones, during the proceedings appointed T. Brady, Jr., and A. A. Cohn to recover money for the institution by suits, fixing their compensation jointly at $1,000 and 25 per cent. of all the money recovered through such suits. A demurrer to the order of the Judge to pay the special commissioners, was also overruled by Judge Jones and yesterday the assignees honored his order for $400. $150 of this amount was for Allen Thompson, attorney of Jackson, and $250 for W. P. Wildberger, the accountant, who has been at work in the bank here. OPENING OF PROCEEDINGS. In his preliminary remarks Judge Jones said among other things, in the case of the receivers at the Commercial Bank, referring to the Commissioners' réport: "It is reported that they have handled this affair from the time they took hold of it in a capable way and in an economical manner. It is suggested that the service of one of them may be dispensed with; but this occurs to me that, if that is done, the compensation of the other receiver would have to be increased or, if put on a commission basis, the commission would be practically as much or more as their salary now, provided the limitation is put on the amount of salary they may receive. 1 think, if the two receivers are to continue, there should be some limitation put on the salary that is to be paid to them, in other words, it should not exceed a certain sum." "The complaints made, as a rule, pertain not to the management of the receivers, but to the bank management and they report these things and these liabilities which they think the creditors of this institution have a right to recover, and I do not see any reason why it cannot be arranged whereby these things of the past may be handled by the depositors who may sue for the benefit of all the creditors of the bank and by an attorney appointed by me as Chancellor to represent them in that suit and let the present management go on with the collection of the accounts of the institution which are now in their hands "


Article from The Semi-Weekly Leader, June 27, 1914

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What Was Said Wednesday Afternoon at Court House-Judge Says With an Expenditure of $500 or $600 Commissioners Have Uncovered More Than $100,000 Which if Recovered is Money Well Expended. After calling the assignees and made out like I thought so at the their attorneys into court as well time, but I tried to get the Court to see the other view. And with as the depositors' committee appointed to represent the latter in reference to these payments of the affairs.o the defunct Commerthese people who deposited money cial Bank & Trust Co. on Wednesin the bank on the day the bank day afternoon Chancellor P. Z failed; it was presented to the Jones, during the proceedings apCourt on the statement that the director had refused to take this pointed T. Brady, Jr., and A. A. Cohn to recover money for the inmoney as that of the depositors and the receivers asked for instructions stitution by suits, fixing their compensation jointly at $1,000 and 25 to pay it back. It appeared to the per cent. of all the money recoverCourt and to me that that was ed through such suits. A demurright and the people were paid. rer to the order of the Judge to Whether there would be any chance pay the special commissioners, of winking such a' suit, it would was also overruled by Judge Jones have to be filed in the Justice of and yesterday the assignees honorthe Peace's Court and then, if not ed his order for $400. $150 of this satisfied with the Justice's decision it would have to be carried to the amount was for Allen Thompson, attorney of Jackson, and $250 for Circuit Court. Well, there are W. P. Wildberger, the accountant, some other objections there in the who has been at work in the bank report, for instance with reference here. to the Bank of Meadville, in order to get the facts before the Court OPENING OF PROCEEDINGS. in that case as to who was responsiIn his preliminary remarks Judge ble or who should be sued, it is Jones said among other things, in necessary to go out there. Those the case of the receivers at the things occurred about eight years Commercial Bank, referring to the ago and they would have to go Commissioners' réport: back that far. It is reported that they have BANK OF FRANKLIN SUIT. handled this affair from the time If they sued the Bank of Frankthey took hold of it in a capable lin, possibly they would have to go way and in an economical manner. out there though I haven't looked It is suggested that the service of into the matter. That was our one of them may be dispensed with; purpose in taking up the report of but this occurs to me that, if that these commissioners. We didn't done, the compensation of the know and haven't known through other receiver would have to be inout the investigation at the Bank creased or, if put on a commission as to what the commission would basis, the commission would be report. We never made it our practically as much or more as business to inquire and, if we their salary now, provided the limhad, I don't Suppose Mr. Wilditation is put on the amount of salberger would have told us. ary they may receive. 1 think, if Of course, these assignees, if the the two receivers are to continue, court thought the Bank of Franklin there should be some limitation ought to be sued, would sue. put on the salary that is to be paid They would want to be backed by to them, in other words, it should the decision of the Court because a not exceed a certain sum.' suit against a bank for $63,000 'The complaints made, as a rule, would be a rather serious thing. pertain not to the management of the receivers, but to the bank manINVESTIGATION OF BOOKS agement and they report these So far as the investigation of the things and these liabilities which books of the bank is concerned, as they think the creditors of this in. they state now and always, they stitution have a right to recover, don't object to an examination of and I do not see any reason why it the books, but they claimed and cannot be arranged whereby these still claim that the allowance in things of the past may be handled this matter would be illegal and by the depositors who may sue for that the order of the Court would the benefit of all the creditors of not protect them in the payment of the bank and by an attorney apthe allowance and I suggest that pointed by me as Chancellor to repin order to protect all parties conresent them in that suit and let the cerned that some one who was represent management go on with sponsible for it would give a bond the collection of the accounts of to the assignees to save them harmthe institution which are now in less against the wrongful payment their hands of these sums of money; to save CASSEDY REPLIES these assignees harmless in the event they were not protected by Hon. H. Cassedy, speaking for the order of the Court Of course, the receivers, who were present, in if we were to wind up the estate to connection with the matter of the morrow or this year, we would all bringing suits said probably get out of it because of As I understand the law, the the Court's idea with reference to receivers in the bringing of a suit the legailties of the matter: but as must act first. If they refuse to I understand it, some of these act, if they are requested by the days. we will have to come before creditors to act, and fail to do so, some other Judge and that Judge then the creditor can act for himcould come in behind an order of self. And the creditor in the liti. this Court and disallow an expendigation ought to be responsible for ture of this Court. the expenses. Now, a suit against SUITS TO RECOVER the directors of the bank would ordinarily come at the end of the adAbout the suits to recover,' ministration of the affairs of the Judge Jones said, "1 do not think bank, if the creditors were not it 19 a question as to whether the pard. That's on the creditor's attorneys of the receivers would part. Then, on the part of the or would not do their duty stockholders, it would come at the think their personal connections end of the administration of the W 1th these matters are such as to estate when he was able to demake it improper for them to hantermine his loss, ordinarily, but dle these matters and at least, to if a suit is to be filed now, by some make it more desirable for more creditor, then that creditor would disinterested persons to handle have charge of his own suit and the them because of the results that Court that had jurisdiction could might be reached. We have got to allow out of the proceeds of that consider the question of satisfying suit money for the expenses to be people who are interested in this paid out of what was recovered in matter. I think that that ought to that suit but not out of the general be considered and in justice to you estate. If we would just come and gentlemen, I believe it would be sue and sue and sue, why the exbetter for some one else to handle penses of this thing would eat up it for, if you were to arrive at certhe estate. A lawyer expects his tain conclusions you would be critpay whether he wins or not. unless icized however sincere you might he takes the case on a contingency be and in some items you are perbasis. He represents his client to sonally interested. think the deability positor whose name may be used that he can ought not to have to bear the exhis loses, the it; he best he has of feels done best. and, not It if help has be penses of the court. He ought to that the be treated as a special commissioner and, if he loses by expenses it sued been Foundry but suggested it & is Machine Company Arrington be apparent that no suit ought to be borne by the estate. would lie. They would plead the My idea is to have the attorney fix final decree of the court If apsum and charge that against the pealed, they would plead a settle. estate and then to put the other ment. It looks like we made a part of it on a contingent basis. mistake en that settlement. COURT HAS POWER TO CAST the DECIDING VOTE. that suppose Court Mr decided Thompson thought wrong my power to appoint Whether I thought so or not,


Article from The Semi-Weekly Leader, September 23, 1914

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BOWSKY NOT WORRIED. Indicted Director and Family Lost $35,000-Put Money on Deposit Up to Last. Mr. Geo. Bowsky, who was in dicted as one of the directors of the Commercial Bank & Trust Co., last week on two counts, the bill charging receiving money into an insolvent bank, claims that he was not a director of the bank-that if he was a director on the books he knew nothing of his position, in fact -that no information was ever conveyed to him of his election and that he did not act in the capacity of a director, never attending any meeting, as was the duty of such an officer. Mr. Bowsky does not appear to be at all worried over the two charges against him in court and seems to be able on his account to prove that he had no knowledge of the condition that affairs were drifting to, just prior to the bank's suspension. He says that he and his relatives lost over $35,000.00 in stock and cash by the failure. The records show that he had $5,115.19 on open account when the institution closed and he also has a monthly statement sheet for December showing that he deposited over $100.00. nearly every business day during that month, his last deposit being on Saturday before the bank failed. Unlike other head officers and directors, Mr. Bowsky seems to have been in a class by himself when it comes to having money due him by the bank.