gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
fe163179db8f27eb
Response Measures
Accommodated withdrawals, Borrowed from banks or large institutions, Clearinghouse loan, Fed/other loan, Capital injected, Partial suspension, Full suspension, Books examined
Clearinghouse involved: Yes
(loan, examination, or other measures)
Receivership Details
Depositor recovery rate
100.0%
Date receivership started
1933-05-08
Date receivership terminated
1937-02-01
Share of assets assessed as good
45.6%
Share of assets assessed as doubtful
33.4%
Share of assets assessed as worthless
21.0%
Description
Statewide California banking holiday and runs in late Feb/early Mar 1933 preceded suspension; receiver appointed in May 1933.
Events (8)
1.August 12, 1909Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2.February 27, 1933Run
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Widespread banking crisis and publicity about banking moratoria in other states produced heavy withdrawals across California (statewide panic).
Measures
Banks met currency demand by borrowing from Federal Reserve and using reserves; state proclamation closed banks to halt runs.
Newspaper Excerpt
a substantial run on California banks developed. This relatively heavy run lasted for three days -February 27, February 28 and March 1-
Source
newspapers
3.March 2, 1933Suspension
Cause
Government Action
Cause Details
Governor's proclamation and special state banking holiday/moratorium closing all California banks for several days to restrict withdrawals.
Newspaper Excerpt
the proclamation of Gov. Ralph ... makes mandatory the closing of California banks (for three-day period)
Source
newspapers
4.March 18, 1933Other
Newspaper Excerpt
Depositors in the closed Central National bank of Oakland have no for worry as to their accounts, for there assets to protect them are ample ... The bank is in the hands merger. now who will of competent conservator, safeguard the interests of all . . . Liquidation but rather re-organization ever, The bank is in the hands merger, now who will of competent conservator, safeguard the interests of all . . . Liquidation but rather re-organization ever, The bank is in the hands merger. now who will of competent conservator, safeguard the interests of all . . . Liquidation but rather re-organization ever, The bank is in the hands merger. now who will of competent conservator, safeguard the interests of all.
Source
newspapers
5.May 8, 1933Receivership
Source
historical_nic
6.May 12, 1933Other
Newspaper Excerpt
J. H. Grut, who has been appointed receiver of the Central National bank of Oakland, Cal., will leave Friday ... Grut has resigned ... to accept the appointment ... receiver of the Oakland bank.
Source
newspapers
7.May 19, 1934Other
Newspaper Excerpt
The Central Bank of Oakland, yesterday filed suit ... to compel Joseph H. receiver the Central National Bank of to take under terms of conservator's assets ... The said that when the Central Bank suspended March ... the Fed Controller Currency pointed Mount He made an agreement for the bank to take over assets of the National ... then provided the agreement complaint continued.
Source
newspapers
8.December 12, 1934Other
Newspaper Excerpt
Approximately 6,000 were permitted funds the bank during the 1933 bank holidays just before the bank closed. When the bank was reorganized and put under control receiver, depositors 70 per cent dividend their accounts. Grut announced ... unless they return 30 cent the amount their 1933 they treceive any further dividend ...
Source
newspapers
Newspaper Articles (11)
1.March 2, 1933Las Vegas Daily OpticEast Las Vegas, NM
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Article Text
SEVENTEEN STATES CHECK RUNS ON BANK
Seven More Join Movement to Restrict Withdrawals of Deposited Moneys
THREE AND FOUR DAYS TO BE TEMPORARY HOLIDAYS
Situation Easing in Some States as Legislatures Planned Curb Laws
Mississippi, Arizona, Nevada and in Oregon today joined the states. which there are limitations placed on the withdrawals of deposits from banks. in which limitations on withdrawals now exist. The proclamation of Gov. Ralph at San Francisco makes mandatory the closing of California banks (or three-day period ending Saturday The three-day holiday called Gov. Murray in Oklahoma for same period also is mandatory. The of Gov. Allen of Louisiana provides for the sation until the end of the week "all public business including Banks and other public enterprises." Mississippi the decree of state banking called only (Continued On Page Two)
2.March 2, 1933Daily Times-AdvocateEscondido, CA
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Article Text
BANK CLOSING'S EFFECTS
Thousands of theories are being voiced as to the causes and effects of the closing Thursday morning of all of the banks in California. Wise men who stand high in the financial world differ in their opinions on these two angles of the great crisis, so one guess is just about as good as another. But the fact remains that the three-days' holiday of closed banks will surely prevent any "run" on the banks which might come at this time. And "run" on bank is the worst thing that can happen, financially, to any community. It means, if carried far enough, that the bank must close permanently, and that means loss to the depositors as whole and the men who stand back of the bank stockholders. By the time the banks re-open next Monday it is thought the frenzy of withdrawal will have been overcome either in the minds of the people or through legislation making it compulsory. Other states that have declared similar banking holidays are now re-opening their banks with satisfactory results and business resumed in the normal channels. Let us have faith that this will be the outcome in California. Meanwhile, efforts to continue trade and business activity as usu will be made in Escondido. with an exchange worked out on confidence in the integrity of the merchants, business men and all citizens whose promises to pay are regarded as "good." So the whole thing sifts down to the matter of confidence, which is really the ultimate need and necessity of the situation, all the way from Escondido to New York, or even to Washington.
3.March 5, 1933Nevada State JournalReno, NV
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Article Text
California Bank Extended Holiday Until Thursday
Few Institutions Expected to Open Tuesday Morning
SAN FRANCISCO, March Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco closed today for the duration of California's banking holiday.
Rolph tonight proclaimed an extension of the Callfornia bank holiday until Thursday, March The new three-day period will begin Monday with general holiday similar to the one now in effect. the governor said. The holiday Tuesday and Wednesday will be effective under terms of the special holiday bill passd today by the legislature. Provisions of the bill affect only banks and permit them to open or remain closed, it was explained. The action was taken by the governor after the assembly had approved the special holiday bill by vote of 54 or by exactly the required two-thirds vote. The senate passed the measure with only one opposition vote. The holiday extension will be fective for the three-day period re. gardless of what action is taken on specific bank bill now before the legislature, the governor said. Action on this measure was delayed until Monday.
SAN FRANCISCO, March officials were bit puzzled tonight as they tried to determine course of action to follow Tuesday, when "special holiday," proclaimed by Governor Rolph, becomes effective. Under bill passed by the state legislature late today, the governor was permitted to proclaim special as well as general holidays. The banking moratorium was extended until March with the understanding that Monday would be general and Tuesday and Wednesay a cial holiday On special holiday banks may close or be opened as their officers desire. It was believed some banks would open Tuesday and Wednesday while most of them would remain closed until the legislature approves bill permitting restriction of withOfficials of the Bank of America discussed the situation tonight but said they probably would not reach decision or have an announcement to make until Monday. Wells Fargo Bank and Trust Company officials were understood to be desirous of opening Directors of other banks preferred to follow along with the majority and wait for some protective legislation.
Clearing House Scrip Plan Starting Friday Approved Continued from page in this situation was "no meeting surprise other country would have taken the situation calmly said. manner people has and to the out the has been lant
New Regulation Waited The reopening made banks many states hastened take vantage At the treasury, the White House and on Capitol Hill participated in by RooseSecretary Woodin etal forward the fort to bring an orderly passage the muddled economic situation In some quarters. another bank Ing regulation was expected which would permit with draw one-third their deposits Roosevelt Thanks Hoover President Roosevelt today gland hurriedly through an tion mail telegrams before of again devoting his attention to the banking crisis. chief executive remained the White House the ing and the Early, of Mr. Roosevelt's was done the President's convenience. Through Early. the chief expressed his the issuance by former President Hoover in New of statement urging co-operation for Mr. Roosevelt's policy in the bank. ing emergency. Roosevelt planned today begin drafting his message the special session of congress which meets day after tomorrow though he already formulated the outlines of the proposals will the White House had had time to work on the itself and intended considerable portion the day to Bans Currency Withdrawals The regulation issued "Any institution lawful engaged in serving registrar of stocks or bonds. transfer agent. guardian estate signee. receiver. committee of in any other fiduciary capacity. may transact such business the mal and usual manner: provided that in the said busi except may permitted by other regulations of the secretary, such banking institution shall not pay out or the withdrawal coin withdraw any trust fiduciary funds deposit any other department the bank quiries, it was said at the treasury regulations issued by Secre Woodin are being communicat ed through federal reserve order permitting the use of cash food being interpreted by bankers in the west permitting them furnish funds for market which are to be used for bank closed by both state federal would about easing the situation under the new treasury would depend upon their state regulations. OHIO BANKS UNDER March The majority Ohio's 800 banks opened today almost the Identical regulations placed them week ago. In largest than under state law permitted banks on old deposits cent Febru27 balances, stipulated that new deposits must held subject on mand without restriction or limita few Ohio banks which placed last and did not segrenew were forbidden pay out money though received new deposits for
BANKS REOPEN ON RESTRICTED
Koeneke, Kansa. state bank authorized the im. mediate reopening of state banks for business on restricted basis outlined by Secretary of the Treasury Woodin. Deposits made the banks Saturday may returned the depositors in full Koeneke the banks but per cent deposits books previous March may not withdrawn.
CALIFORNIA MOVES TO RESUME BANKING
San March Far and state today such as permitted issue scrip generally conform with national provisions. Clearing house certifictes ready printed in Seattle and Los Angeles, from eujation pending receipt detailed rules from the secretary of the Gold reported appearing trade channels. Bankers said hoarders apparently were being forced by currency turn loose the yellow coins.
FLORIDA TO RESUME RESTRICTED BANKING March Banks Miami Tampa planned to reopen treasury department restrictions today make change and carry other limited functions while state conferred the Florida ing situation. Circuit Judge Frank
Birdseye View of Banking Situation Over the Country
Associated State after state announced the of today in line with ruling Secretary the treasury permitting the transaction of essential business. Each institution may "meet the needs Its community for other necessities life. for the relief of distress, for usual salarles' and for other similar enbe made, currency may be changed, but gold gold certificates shall paid out. States which had given their governors regulate Included York and The New York executive net up corporation for the issustatewide Scrip manufacturers said they had little to fear from counterfeiters because an design they are employing. Chicago's medium will pic. ture Abraham Lincoln: New York's will Its coat arms, and Philadelphia's boast likeness of Benjamin
Smith signed an order providing on fore closure sales in Orange and Osceresult of the banking situation.
QUICK RETURN NORMAL BANKING SOUGHT
New March certed efforts to transfuse enough life into nation's money teries to finance ordinary breadbusiness hastened the day America' mobanking holiday And nation which had develhighly organized and efficient system of settling per cent business with checks found that. the highcomplex procedure was not easTrue, bankers pointed out, scrip clearing certificates have in this country before. In the banking groups quickly ganized and the supplemenmedium exchange But to with much more of the country's conducted on national scope, many executives feel banking must be restored quickly national basis. Most the leading corporations the today do business almost every Therefore, form emergency used City, must be so drawn by furniture Grand Rapids, unless the manufacturer is prepared extend almost credit distributors Kansas City and points. the banking problem being dealt far Individual ies states on separate schemes, while Washington authorities are trying to piece them together. Governor Lehman has worked out statewide plan for New York the New York has New city plan which may plan. the Governor Lehman explained his state plan might absorbed by national What banking authorities particularly anxious avoid foreign exchange market in the commanding would make business costly and uncertain.
CHICAGO'S LARGEST BANK OPENS: OTHERS TO FOLLOW Chicago March Chicago's National Bank and Trust Company, opened to operate authorized by the the treasury. some other banks they would do later The other banks their decision because the belief the restrictions conflicted the Illinois holiday declared by Governor Henry Horner Layburn bank examiner announced after telephonall national banks should obey the orders and disregard state bank orders.
HOARDS REPORTED March New York banks today hardships among their millions of depositors Immediately upon receipt of Secretary mitting reopening accounts funds cient to and food needs they were open for such busi-
Hoarded gold is being deposited Irving Trust Company announced shortly But the from Woodin meant technical difficulties for the banks means one banker said, "that some responsible officer each branch must interview each person to determine there the funds different Each case probably will Among the major banks open der the provisions Morgan Bankers Trust Bank Corn Ex Bank Trust Company Bank Trust Company Irving Company jungle plant intensively Brazil manufacturers of insecti-
5.March 18, 1933Alameda Times StarAlameda, CA
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Article Text
Australia is of the few countries one the world that definitely on the back to financial equilibrium. Betprices for wool and other products, and firm determinaeconomy, tion to its and live within its pay way are the factors that have brought the commonwealth back from the bankruptcy. Seven months of the current financial will year nearly by the end of June. Australia has met every cent of its bond obligations. in the closed Central NaDepositors tional bank of Oakland have no for worry as to their accounts, for there assets to protect them are ample and in full, the loss falling directly pay stockholders should there on loss. not probable, howLiquidation but rather re-organization ever, The bank is in the hands merger. now who will of competent conservator, safeguard the interests of all.
6.March 30, 1933Auburn JournalAuburn, CA
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Article Text
BUSINESS CONDITIONS IN 12TH DISTRICT
Banking developments in the 12th district, as in the United States generally, were of dominant importance during late February and the first half of March.- No outstanding changes in the general business or financial situation had been apparent during the first six weeks of the year, although the failure of two rather large and several smaller banks in January had been followed by withdrawals of deposits from other banks. About the time that the force of this adverse influence appeared to be coming to an end, however, widespread publicity given to the Michigan banking moratorium and to other unfavorable banking situations began to have an effect in the 12th district, and immediately following announcement of banking holidays or restrictions in other eastern states on February 25 a substantial run on California banks developed. This relatively heavy run lasted for three days -February 27, February 28 and March 1-when it was brought to an end by a proclamation of the governor of California closing all banks in the state for a three-day period. This action in California was followed by runs on banks in other far western states and by March 3 emergency banking restrictions had been placed in effect in all 12th district states. Withdrawal of currency during the week ending March 1, while at a re. cord rate, was SO short-lived that its effect upon district banks deposits was relatively small. Currency payments by banks to depositors were about 30 million dollars during the week ending March 1, compared with deposits in those banks of considerably more than three billion dollars at the beginning of this year. Banks met the unusual demand for currency by borrowing from the Federal Reserve bank of San Francisco and by drawing upon their reserve balances, which had been built up during the first half of February through transfers of funds from other parts of the United States.
Reopening of banks under licenses issued by the secretary of the treasury and by state authorities commenced on March 13 and proceeded
20 most 12th district banks had resumed customary operations, although a good many were either in the hands of conservators or had been closed for liquidation. Currency which had been withdrawn prior to the closing of banks on March 2 was redeposited in large amounts between March 13 and March 20 and considcrably more gold coin was turned in to the Federal Reserve bank of San Francisco than had been withdrawn from January 1 to March 4. 1933. Redeposited currency was sent in to the reserve bank to repay borrowings and to increase reserve balances. Volume of production was slightly smaller in February than in January. Department store sales and intercoastal trafic through the Panama canal increased, but the number of cars of freight loaded on district railroads during the month decreased. Other trade measures changed little. Petroleum production during February approximated that of the preceding month. The cut of lumber declined contrary to the seasonal movement and the volume of engineering construction decreased sharply. Employment conditions remained about the same in February as in January. Commodity prices declined slightly during February, but advanced considerably during and immediately following the banking holiday in March. Non-statistical reports inicate that the banking restrictions during the first half of March reduced business activity. particularly retail sales volume.
The engagement of Miss Edna May Bradbury and Willis Cruse has been anounced. Miss Bradbury, laughter of Mr. and Mrs. Lou Bradbury. was the incentive for a surprise party one recent evening given by a number of friends. During the evening she was presented with a shower of gifts for her new home.
7.May 12, 1933The Salt Lake TribuneSalt Lake City, UT
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Article Text
Bank Receiver Leaves Friday for Oakland
J. H. Grut, who has been appointed receiver of the Central National bank of Oakland, Cal., will leave Friday morning United Air Lines for Oakland Mr. Grut has resigned as vice president and cashier of the Continental National Bank & Trust company to accept the appointment by the of currency as receiver of the Oakland bank.
8.August 15, 1933Enterprise-RecordChico, CA
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Bank Receiver Picks Secretary
Appointment of Mrs. Irene G. DeSelms as secretary to F. M. Porter, receiver for the First National Trust & Savings Bank, was announced yesterday. Mrs. De Selms arrived from Oakland. where she was Secretary to the receiver for the Central National Bank of Oakland, last night and will assume her duties today. Mrs. De Selms was appointed because of her experience\ in bank receiverships, Porter explained.
9.August 22, 1933Oakland TribuneOakland, CA
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Richmond Students V. F. W. Auxiliary to El Cerrito Merchants Now Total 5644 Be Host to Mothers Study NRA Code RICHMOND Aug 22 total of RICHMOND Aug. Honor EL CERRITO. Aug. 22.-An NRA 5644 students are registered in the auxiliary, Veterans of Foreign Wars code for El Cerrito merchants and Richmond school district, Superin- will lentertain Richmond War Moth- businessmen is being studied by tendent of Schools Walter T. Helms ers, Gold Star Mothers and Ladies committee appointed by Donald S reported today. The figure is 213 of the G A R. at its meeting Sep- Moore. president of the El Cerrito less than last year. Of the total Businessmen's Association The comtember 7. Mrs. Valera Berk is in 1120 are registered in Uncharge of arrangements She was mittee members are: Ira E. Smith ion High School, 1272 in the two named by Mrs Mabel Davis, presi- chairman: M J. Brenneman, Edjunior high schools, and 3166 in the elementary schools dent of the auxiliary ward Smith and H. H. Tezzi
Bank Receiver Has Major Operation
Joseph Grut, recently appointed receiver of the old Central National Bank accounts by the Federal government, is recovering at Peralta Hospital today after undergoing a major operation there last Friday, hospital authorities announced toGrut is expected to be entirely recovered shortly.
10.May 19, 1934The San Francisco ExaminerSan Francisco, CA
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Central Bank of Oakland Sues To Recover Assets $699,543
The Central Bank of Oakland, yesterday filed suit in the United States District Court here for writ to compel Joseph H. receiver the Central National Bank of to take under terms of conservator's assets amounting to Federal Judge F. St. Sure will try the case. Trial date has not been The said that when the Central Bank suspended March the Fed Controller Currency pointed Mount He made an agreement for the bank to take over assets of the National which turn placed in his hands the sum of Then the provided the agreement complaint continued. for Mount his successor take up these assets when possible and May when Grut named reMount turned everything over April the charges assets of turned back Grut. under Mount but Grut refused accept on the money hand raised through was not sufficient.
11.December 12, 1934The San Francisco ExaminerSan Francisco, CA
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Bank Receiver Recalls Funds
Approximately Central National Bank of Oakland will read these lines with The 6,000 were permitted funds the bank during the 1933 bank holidays just before the bank closed. When the bank was reorganized and put under control receiver, depositors 70 per cent dividend their accounts. Grut announced yesterday that who withdrew during the holidays preferential position relation depositors did not withdraw, and that unless they return 30 cent the amount their 1933 they treceive any further dividend their deposit dividend scheduled early the spring.
Bank runs are almost always and everywhere a deterioration of bank fundamentals.
But not for you.
You are the measure-zero exception: great fundamentals, solid bank, and yet the Diamond Dybvig fairy spread its rumor. Depositors woke up. Your collateral was not prepositioned. The Clearinghouse had it for you.
Do not pass Go. Do not collect $200. Go directly to jail… or worse.
