gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
b149d760a5761c70
Response Measures
Accommodated withdrawals, Public signal of financial health, Capital injected, Full suspension
Clearinghouse involved: Yes
(loan, examination, or other measures)
Description
The March 1933 suspension was a government-ordered banking holiday, not caused by a run; runs occurred earlier (1931–1932).
Events (6)
1.June 22, 1863Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2.May 1, 1882Chartered
Source
historical_nic
3.June 12, 1931Run
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
Panics and failures of numerous local/outlying Chicago banks led to wholesale withdrawals and mob hysteria affecting neighborhood institutions.
Measures
Melvin A. Traylor spoke from the bank lobby, reassuring depositors; directed merger with affiliate to restore confidence.
Newspaper Excerpt
Mob hysteria was responsible for the situation which caused the twenty-seven banks to close
Source
newspapers
4.June 26, 1932Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Alleged organized plot/false rumors to destroy confidence precipitated an incipient run; Traylor publicly reassured customers.
Measures
President Traylor appeared on the banking floor, pleaded with customers and publicly reassured depositors; bank remained open.
Newspaper Excerpt
Traylor ... stemmed an incipient run on his $25,000,000 First National bank ... by appearing on the banking floors and pleading for faith
Source
newspapers
5.March 3, 1933Suspension
Cause
Government Action
Cause Details
State (and federal-coordinated) banking holiday/proclamation ordered Illinois banks closed for several days during March 1933; banks later permitted to reopen under restrictions.
Newspaper Excerpt
ILLINOIS BANKS ORDERED TO CLOSE FOR THREE DAYS ... Melvin Traylor the First National made announceffect Saturday
Source
newspapers
6.March 13, 1933Reopening
Newspaper Excerpt
HOLIDAY IN ... Permission for reopening of Chicago banks, including five ones the Loop, given ... banks authorized reopen their doors this morning for busi-
Source
newspapers
Newspaper Articles (24)
1.June 12, 1931Battle Creek Moon-JournalBattle Creek, MI
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BANKS SOUND, FINANCE KING TELLS PUBLIC
Melvin A. Traylor Claims Chicago Closings and Mergers Good.
WAS FORMER FARM BOY
One Of Nation's Leading Banking Experts Confident That Conditions Will Improve.
Chicago, June Chicago's banking dered this week closings and three good Melvin president the First National bank and nation's leading financiers, told the United Press today. confidence being Traylor said. interests working to restore the small neighborhood institutions which closed of the closed banks small ones. They relatively unimportant in the city's banking although their closing must, of course, be greatly
Powerful Besides being the most powerful and tireless workers Chicago's banking crisis, Traylor has come to known thou sands of depositors helpful, sympathetic and On occasion, he hurried away from many duties to help depositors starting on Standing on chair the lobby the millionaire banker told cited patrons that the bank had plenty of cash deposits were safe. The crowds thinned out and the bank remained open until bearing out Traylor's statement that every depositor wished could have his money. The bank still open. Former Farm Boy. Traylor gave his views of the situation from the same palatial of. fice in the towering First Nationbuilding from where he aided in directing the quieting of the bank unrest the last four days. Traylor is tall. and kind(Conintued on Page Two.)
2.June 12, 1931Green Bay Press-GazetteGreen Bay, WI
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Chicago's Banking System In Good Condition: Traylor bankweek closings and three Melvin president of First National bank and the nation's leading told the United terests are restore small which have the banks small They ant entire banking their must, of course, greatly Helped Check Run Besides being the most workers Chicago's banking Traylor has come known to thousands depositors and understanding On he ried his help quiet depositors starting run on an outlying bank. Standing on chair the millionaire banker cited patrons that had of cash and deposits The crowds thinned out the bank out Traylor's that wished his money. The bank open. the tion from palatial office towering First National building from where aided in the quieting the unrest in days. Traylor tall man boyhood Kentucky present position as head dollar institution Mergers Have Helped helped Continued Page 2, Column
3.June 12, 1931Lincoln Journal StarLincoln, NE
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wholesale withdrawals and we can safely say the trouble mainly past. Many patrons are returning their money to the banks from which they withdrew it in panic few days ago.' Mob hysteria was responsible for the situation which caused the twenty-seven banks to close, Traylor said. Other banking leaders said the nature of Chicago's population brought about the panic. Chicago has a high percentage of foreign born residents and many of them do not understand the American banking system. Most of them are thrifty and many of them of nervous temperament. Traylor's part in bringing order out of the financial unrest included directing the merger of the First National and its affiliate. the First Union Trust and Savings, with the
4.June 12, 1931Lincoln Journal StarLincoln, NE
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wholesale withdrawals and we can safely say the trouble mainly is past. Many patrons are returning their money to the banks from which they withdrew it in panic a few days ago. Mob hysteria was responsible for the situation which caused the twenty-seven banks to close, Traylor said. Other banking leaders said the nature of Chicago's population brought about the panic. Chicago has high percentage of foreign born residents and many of them do not understand the American banking system. Most of them are thrifty and many of them of nervous temperament. Traylor's part in bringing order out of the financial unrest included directing the merger of the First National and its affiliate. the First Union Trust and Savings, with the
5.June 25, 1931The Northwest EnterpriseSeattle, WA
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LOAD OF MONEY PILED IN FRONT OF CUSTOMERS the past two weeks Chicago suffered the worst financial flurry in its history. Twenwhite banks, several of them with heavy deposits, closed their doors within space three days. The disaster began with the merof the State National banks, institution, with the First National. Half dozimportant institutions which the Foremans controlled were foreed to Depositors throughout the city became panicky. Runs began on the smaller institutions, twenty-four of which closed. in Southside Close Colored people, scarcely recovering from the Binga, Banker's State, and Citizens Trust crashes, suffered severely. The Lincoln State, and State Streets, with $1,000,000 deposits, a good portion of which said to have belonged to colored peo(Continued on Page
6.December 12, 1931The Macon TelegraphMacon, GA
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HOGAN FILES PETITION
Jasper Thomas Hogan, former the defunct yesterday UnitStates and $5,220. the Among Mr. Hogan's liabilities obligation of the First National bank Chicago. secured There obligareceiver of Hatcher, Turpin
All went jail default $1,000
7.June 26, 1932The Houston PostHouston, TX
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Traylor Halts Run on Bank
Official Appears to Ask Faith of Customers in Chicago.
CHICAGO, June A. Traylor, considered by many Democratic presidential timber, stemmed an incipient run on his $25,000,000 First National bank and $10,000,000 First Union Trust and bank Satur day by appearing the banking floors pleading for faith. Traylor, is president of both the three plot against the banks had been laid by and said had taken steps to put in more liquid condition than Both banking floors were crowded large number of whom apparently intended withdraw accounts. bank will be open during the usual business hours and will on Monday morning Traylor trons. will be willing and able to pay off any depositor who wishes to Referring to the alleged plot, Tray. was promoted by those who are friends friends. are the best position in our history. tell your that We will be open Mon day morning and every morning at The crowds quickly thinned after be had bank attaches said, normaley had been restored.
8.June 26, 1932The Los Angeles TimesLos Angeles, CA
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FOUR IN CHICAGO AREA CLOSE
CHICAGO, June additional banks the Chicago been closed. They the Chicago Bank Commerce, deposits about South Ashland with posits about $110,000; First tional Bank deposits about and Northbrook State Bank of Northdeposits about Chicago Bank Commerce State
9.June 26, 1932The Huntsville TimesHuntsville, AL
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Appears On Floor, Reassures Customers About Safety Of Money
CHICAGO, June Traylor, considered by many presidential stemmed incipient on $25,000,000 First National Bank and $10,000.000 First Union Trust Savings bank today by appearing the banking floors and pleading for faith. Traylor, who president of both the three largest the well-planned plot for against banks had been and said the banks had taken steps to put more liquid than ever before Four closings today, one in the loop, brought 39 the number banks here that have shut down this month. "The bank will be open during the usual business and open on Monday Traylor told patrons. will be willing and able pay off any depositor wishes to withdraw his funds to the alleged plot, Traysaid: was promoted by those who are not your friends friends. are the best position in our history. tell that will be open day and every morning o'clock." The crowds quickly thinned after he had spoken and an hour. bank attaches said, normalcy had been restored.
10.June 27, 1932The Buffalo NewsBuffalo, NY
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LOAN OF $13,600,000 TO CENTRAL APPROVED
WASHINGTON June 27 commission Monday authorized Reconstruction Fito the New York company The loan for three years and interest and due June 30, $4,895,037 due July $6,509,719; and Aug $1,867,817 This the second loan received by the In April the approved loan for already way in city
TRAYLOR STEMS BANK RUN CHICAGO 27 (AP) Melvin A Traylor by many Democratic timber stemmed an incipient run the $25,000.000 First National and $10,000,000 First Union Trust & bank by appearing on the banking floors and pleading for faith
PETITION GAINS FAVOR NEW YORK. June 500 had been placed on the New York Stock exchange on Saturday, July 2.
11.June 29, 1932The Daily WorkerChicago, IL
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DRIVE WORKERS AWAY FROM CLOSED BANKS IN CHICAGO
Three Banks Fail Since Republican Convention Announces Decrease in Failures
CHICAGO, with clubs drove people away and helped stop runs on two of the largest banks in the city, the First National and the Continental Illinois, which closed their doors, temporarily, at 11 o'clock Friday morning thus preventing people from getting their savings out. The Chicago News on June that banks have closed their doors here within the past month. On June 14th the day that Senator Dickinson made the keynote speech at the stating, "Bank failures diminished, thus preserving the resources of millions depositors", three banks failed here and since then up to Friday, POLICE ATTACK June 24th, 23 additional banks failed with total deposits of $30,539,000. All over the have been JOBLESS IN AL trying to drive the people away who tried to get their funds from banks still open. Heavy runs are being CAPONE'S TOWN made by the panic stricken people. receiver asked for the Cook County Trust Company which was controlled by the same officers of Beat Up Women with the Phillip State Bank which failed Black Jacks Who June 21st. Charges were made that the officers of the Trust Company Demand Relief transfered trust funds to the bank although knowing that the bank Worker insolvent CICERO. meeting called Moe Rosenberg, west side democrathe Cicero Unemployed Council tic sold the Cook County Avenue and 14th Street Trust Company to the Phillip Bank. broken up by the police. Some of through the sale of $200,000 prefered the Chicago Red Squad, the county stock and 10,000 shares of common highway police and the local cops stock.
As we go to press news was leased five more banks having veritable wave bank failures wiped out the hard earne savings of thousands depositors in Chicago during the last two weeks. The wave was set in, it stated here, by the failure of the 12 Bain Banks. These banks loaned many thousands of dollars to relatives and political any security. being disclosed at the trial of the Bains now in progress. disclosed how many workare being deprived of their savings through these continued failures which expose the utter deception which General Dawes attempted to smuggle in when he stated, upon turning to Chicago, that the financial structure of the country getting to stable.
12.June 30, 1932The Daily WorkerNew York, Chicago, NY
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sing news of a three-day run on two of the biggest downtown banks, the Continental Illinois and the First National. Continuous Piracy. The lifting of the $80,000,000 by the Dawes bank is only the most recent instance of a consistent policy of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation-a policy calling for the distribution of millions to the banks and railroads of the country. During the two months' period between February 2 and March 31, the Corporation was "authorized" to make loans to 935 institutions. As a result of the "935 institutions," 858 were banks and the remaining fraction-77-were building and loan associations, insurance companies, mortgage loans, joint stock land banks, live stock credit organizations, agricultural credit corporations -and other big farm groups. Banks Get Lion's Share. According to the Federal Reserve Bulletin of April, 1932, published by the Federal Reserve Board, of the $238,739,939 "authorized," banks reeeived $125,417,000 and railroads (who in turn handed it over to the banks to whom most of them are indebted) received $56,113,756. Barely $11,000,000 remained, therefore, for the "smaller fry." The railroads have asked for $400,000,000 from the R.F.C., and up to June 18 forty-two roads have had
13.July 27, 1932Imperial Valley PressEl Centro, CA
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COUNTRY-WIDE BANK WRECKING PLOT ALLEGED Melvin Traylor Charges Widespread Activities By Communists. CHICAGO, July 27. (U.P)-Melvin A. Traylor, president of the First National Bank of Chicago, charged today that a nation-wide plot to destroy public confidence in banks has been in operation for many weeks. Meantime, George Rowland, alias George Salzman, wanted by Michigan police in connection with a reported Communistic plot to blast the banks of the middle west through destruction of public confidence, wías reported either in Chicago or enroute here. "There is not the slightest doubt that persons seeking the overthrow of the American banking system have carried on their attacks in all parts of the country, Traylor said. "They have worked through anonymous leters, anonymous telephone calls, false rumors and in other ways. "I believe the recent runs on the First National and other Chicago banks were caused, at least in part, by this destructive and subversive campaign." Traylor's charge was substantiated by letters and telegrams seized by state police in a raid on Rowland's room in the Hotel Roosevelt at Pontiac, Mich. The messages, in form of reports to Rowland, told of progress in causing runs on banks in Chicago and Cleveland. Although Traylor was explicit in statements indicating his belief in the enormous scope of the plot and its actual operation in many instances, he declined to say whether banks had cooperated in any plan to combat the attack. Rowland was said to have gone to Detroit Saturday from Pontiac, Mich., to meet William Z. Foster, Communist candidate for president. Michigan state police declared they had evidence Rowland has been working under orders from central Communist headquarters in New York.
14.August 4, 1932The Miami NewsMiami, FL
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Horoscope What Tomorrow Means to You
The BY HELEN ROWLAND
EX-LOVERS Alas, for the fragility of these romances! Like poplar trees and morning glories, they are good," they die young To man, every little summer love-affair is just another woman, leaf the Book of Memory
"LEO The Fates and will be man at gerheads Aug. and are apt receive jolt, which will force you to realize the necessity of being the worries There BORN but within family There be married. The girl will usually may cause regret the laxity find him Marriage doesn't UNITE him to parental married merely ATTACHES him to of way. couples may the of courtA bigamist is merely an altruist, whose misguided enthusiasm has led they wish have and to the shoulder the matrimonial responsibilities pair of bachelormate.
Children this will They will slightly highly and capable affection the They jolly sympathetic friends and They will have set life. Your born the qualities your and You have good spirit the feelings and interests your fellows. able establish real contact the minds others, and are usually peace with your little world. You tact tience, all ing good friend, There nothing slovenly about habits, you lack neither Success for not from paid usefulness. but assets. brain in curate orderly files. You cannot motiveless life, and must peg which hang your efforts. effort never keep you from your goal, though you have "try There is great deal gentleness nature. be man your make nurse sickness within the outside help available. The Aug. 5th woman her delight visit, and whether rich state has good 1932. 500,000 gallons fuel its prison farm at Raiford the Standard Oil of Kentucky BEDTIME STORIES approximately $20,000. board of institutions called for for furnishing three the supply system at state hospital for the insane Chattahoochee. coroner's jury night verdict that Lester Youngblood, 18, to his death driven carelessly by Douglas, Gainesville charged manslaughter and posted $5,000
TALLAHASSEE The supreme court remanded E. Martin. Orange county tax collector, Sheriff Frank Karel's custody await trial criminal court record Orland charges embezzling more than $12. 000 excess fess from the county. The court's order based habeas corpus action brought by Martin in effort escape trial on the charges.
BANK RECEIVER SUES
CHICAGO. Aug. receiver for the First tional bank of has filed suit federal accounting from J. Fred McGuire, Chicago realtor.
15.March 4, 1933The Buffalo NewsBuffalo, NY
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ILLINOIS BANKS ORDERED TO CLOSE FOR THREE DAYS
CHICAGO. March general three-day holiday Illinois was early urday extended Chicago financiers and Gov. Henry Melvin the First National made announceeffect Saturday. Monday and Tuesday Traylor closing upon signed by The the reopen March may ited per cent. during the following eight Gov. Horner said the past several days have been conference banks Illinois effort the course tion has bank states surroundIllinois and the counthe banks this state would strain has them. This hour issued statement effect holiday The has made The banks paid more in the past effort tide also expected the national government might regard The picture has materially changed Friday day banks the banks and association the Federal Bank Chicago, deem the welfare citizens the protection bank referred my issued The Federal Reserve bank of Chijoined holiday and no gold Saturday would not reopen "until conditions
16.March 6, 1933The Buffalo NewsBuffalo, NY
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ILLINOIS BANKS ORDERED TO CLOSE FOR THREE DAYS
CHICAGO, March general three-day Illinois was urday extended Chicago financiers Gov. Henry Horner Melvin president First National made will effect Saturday Monday and Tuesday Traylor closing upon banks signed the reopen may limited per cent. during the follow ing eight statement by Gov. Horner said "For the past several the effort best emergency spite holidays surrounding Illinois and the the this state the has This was this that holiday Illinois time. greatest effort has such necessity The banks paid more in the past tide also been the might that regard has by The picture has changed Friday Finally after day of unprecefrom the the House banks the the Federal now the welfare the protection depositors have funds, declare the bank day referred my proclamation issued The of Chiholiday and was Saturday not reopen conditions
17.March 7, 1933Waukegan News-SunWaukegan, IL
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DEMOCRAT OFFICIAL NOTE
To Remain Closed Until Gov. Horner Instructs Officials To Obey Woodin.
CHICAGO. March Uncertain what action to take. officials Illinois banks kept in constant touch with Washington interpretation of Secretary the Treasury Woodin's new regulations The Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Chicago, largest bank of and accepted deposits for time but ceased doing after conferences between bank officials and communications Washington. In addition declining to accept deposits, of the banks did not drafts food shipments, other purposes described necessary by Secretary Woodin. There clearing house assomeeting however, and the outcome was expected banks with definite program Most the bank officials said variations between Secretary Woodin's lightened declared for Illinois last week Henry Horner made them hesitate modified basis. ned to proclamation lattoday authorizing Illinois banks follow made by the The national banks were informed by national bank that they should obey Secretary Woodin's and disregard the provisions of the state Under Horner's proclamation of last week, banks would reopen tomorwith per cent restriction on withdrawals for the next days. Several Illinois cities solved the problem medium of exchange by issuing scrip backed currency. Springfield. Urbana, and Peru were among the towns taking such action. The Federal Chicaready certifireceived from Washington
Town Board Votes To Throw Out Democratic Ticket On Legal Technicality.
The Zion township Democratic ticket today was ordered off ballot by the town election hearing held in the sheriff's office, the same time similar started against Independent candidates Cuba township them the The Zion board voted two ticket. Supervisor Thompson Town Clerk Hueneryager voted for rejection and Justice the Thomas McEwen for acceptance the slate. This only the Voliva ticket in the field. No Sworn Statements Attorney Joseph Bishop, the firm of Bishop. Carey LaRose. argued petitions were there was statements attached the petition. Earl Cook counsel for the argued that the petitions substantial conformity with the requirements prescribed The objection the Independent candidates Cuba township filed by Bishop Besides the alleged deficiency sworn statements candidacy there defects in these petideclared. May If action will leave candidates Citizen's tion. This ticket headed pervisor Harold D. Kelsey, Kelsey and Town Clerk Grom. are members the Cuba and candidates the Citizen's Bishop asked County Judge Persons point two other members their be Woller and Cornelius Snyder, Republican and Democratic precinct committeemen Cuba township. This hearing day morning and be held the county building room designated by the sheriff.
18.March 9, 1933Argus-LeaderSioux Falls, SD
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CHICAGO'S BANKS READY TO REOPEN
Await Decision of Congress and State Is Withheld
March ing of banks awaited the of national and state holidays and action of conBank employes were working on plans to open whatever may be forthfrom Ed banking business today was still the basis dictated by the He Scrip certificates had been prepared for the ciation, but under the new plan expanding the currency they probwill not be used. The banks handled transactions for produce, livestock, and other foodstuffs only in cash. The Chicago livestock exchange basis of holding drafts and checks pending reopenof the banks Many produce houses doing likewise The banks handled no drafts or checks.
19.March 10, 1933The Belleville News-DemocratBelleville, IL
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Horner Issues mation to Conform With Roosevelt.
Chicago, March banks closed today der another "harmonizing" proclamation Governor Henry Horner. The Governor said that his third proclamation issued last night because of action of our tional government of this date and also necessity of action with national action, near may Other developments in the Illibanking situation of the First tional Bank of Chicago and filiate, the First Union Trust Bank, state institution. legislation to give the Governor powers insurance affairs during the bank holidays. of hoarded gold to Chicago Federal Reserve Bank. of Board of Trade rockets $2,000. meat prices. Melvin Traylor, president First National Bank and affiliate, said the decided upon of the recent developments and the prospect that banks which members of the Federal Reserve system enjoy wider privileges." The Union Bank for number has not been member of the Federal Reserve Bank, depending on its parent
The combination makes the First National Bank the second largest Chicago with resources of proximately Governor Horner and Ernest Palmer, Superintendent of Insurfor Illinois, conferred to draw up proposals garding insurance companies the bank holiday which will the Tuesday session the State Legislature. The posals, explained, will policy holders, as well under farm and home gages held by insurance companies. bill provides that the ernor shall have authority to stay foreclosure proceedings and grant extension time for the payment mortgage indebtedness farms and homes where such mortgages held or owned by insurance companies,' Palmer said. Federal Reserve Bank officials here said "noticeable" amount had been returned but they did not estimate the In two sales of Board of Trade seats the price jumped from $6,000. Traders erally regarded this an expression of confidence in the future. Quotations on Hogs were 50 cents lower lambs cents and steady to cents under the highs earlier this week.
THE PROCLAMATION
Chicago, March lowing the text Governor Horner's proclamation issued last night: In of the action of our tional government of this date necessity harmonizing state action with national action, near may to the holidays during which banks and trust companies are be closed for the transaction of business Henry Horner, of the state of Illinois, hereby declare, proclaim and direct that lamation of March third further modified amended that shall provide that no bank company shall be open the transaction trust business prior to company 1933. Until take further action, other provisions of the proclamation issued by me March third, shall remain force. should clearly understood this time that no proclamation heretofore made by me shall permit any Illinois state bank trust company transact any business, any which violation of the this state Dated Springfield, Illinois, this ninth day March, at Henry Horner, Governor nois.
20.March 13, 1933Biddeford-Saco JournalBiddeford, ME
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HOLIDAY IN
Chicago, March national banking holiday ended for 31 Chicago today lowing orders from Secretary Treasury Woodin and State Auditor Edward Barrett that they might reopen without restricthe federal ban withdrawals for hoarding. The moratorium was efsuburban banks, however, but its duration short necessary time measure for his office, Barrett said. Permission for reopening of Chicago banks, including five ones the Loop, given Woodin Reserve bank night. Later Barrett list state banks authorized reopen their doors this morning for busi-
21.March 24, 1933Chicago TribuneChicago, IL
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REPORTS OF RESERVE SHOW MOST MEMBER
[BY THE PRESS.] Reports from the twelve federal serve last night reflected the reopening of member banks under of the treasury, as provided by proolamation. The by districts, for member banks only. showed: Number. Boston Richmond Atlanta Chicago St. Louis Kasas City Dallas San [All but of approximately 800 open.)
22.April 27, 1933Evening StarWashington, DC
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LEGISLATURE HOPE OF CHICAGO TUTORS Mayor Says Banks Will Aid When Law Is Passed Forcing Tax Payments. By the Associated Press. CHICAGO, April 27.-Out of the whirlwind of their militant activities there came to Chicago's unpaid teachers today a new ray of hope that their financial privations may come to an end through legislative action. It came from Mayor Edward J. Kelly after two days of near-riotous conditions, which reached peak yesterday when militant teachers beat against the barricaded doors of the Chicago Title & Trust Co., besieged the First National Bank, and marched on the City Hall, making verbal charges that the city's bankers had refused them aid by failing to purchase tax warrants. "I have agreed with the bankers to act to cut expenses of the school board." the mayor told them "When this is done and legislation is passed to force tax payments. the bankers will advance a substantial amount of money.' In Springfield today the mayor hopes for progress before the Legislature, with his program, which provides for drastic retrenchment of school operating expenses and action by the General Assembly to break a tax strike in Chicago which has been one of the stumbling blocks toward pulling the school system out of the financial quagmire ir. which it has been struggling the past few years. Many Schools Involved. On the success of his mission apparently hinges the fate of 320 elementary schools, 30 junior high schools, 24 high schools and 2 colleges. employing in the neighborhood of 14,000 teachers, who for months have been payless except for the occasional receipt of part payments of their wages. A proposal to close the schools, meanwhile, is being held in abeyance. peace descending temporarily, at least, pending a final showdown. "There will be no further demonstrations for a week now that we have a guarantee of aid," said John M. Fewkes, a teacher who led the demonstrators numbering about 3,000 in yesterday's march which resulted in a general melee, tying up traffic and catching the police temporarily off their guard. They finally brought about order. but not until their uniforms had been torn. About five teachers had been injured. None was seriously hurt. Before leaving the First National to march on the City Hall the teachers heckled a vice president into silence, repeating tactics they employed the previous day when Gen. Charles G. Dawes shouted. "to hell with troublemakers." while he was attempting to explain the bankers' viewpoint of the school crisis. which is the outcome of conditions that began back in 1927. It was then that a decision to revise property assessments for taxation was made-a job that took two years during which taxes piled up. Many property owners. caught in the 1929 financial recession. had failed to budget their taxes and were hard pressed. Efforts to collect two years' taxes in 12 months were made, but failed, the pressure becoming so great that property owners began suits to annul the new assessment Collections were delayed by injunctions. Injunction and Foreclosure. Other tax payers saw their neighbors under protection of injunctions escape payment and went on strike. The injunctions have long since been void, but meanwhile many small home owners have lost their properties by foreclosures. Receivers refused to pay until titles should be perfected. Many other small home owners. however, paid -unless they couldn't becaues of the depression. The financial recession. however, added to the general confusion. In addition it was charged there had been an orgy of spending by all municipal departments, including the School Board. There were allegations that school payrolls, aside from the teachers, had been inafited: that excessive prices were paid politicians for school sites. and that other wasteful practices had been indulged in. When the till finally ran dry tax warrants were issued and for a time the pedagogues found but little difficulty in cashing them at slight discounts, but the merchants. unable to refinance them. finally stopped taking them altogether or demanded larger discount margins. For a year the banks handed out money on the warrants, as they were certified against actual taxes due and legally assessed, but in recent months the question of ability to collect taxes complicated the situation. Attempts were made to induce the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to take the paper, but it declined unless the banks gave their notes as a guarantee. The late Mayor Anton J. Cermak went to Miami to talk with Franklin D. Roosevelt, then President-elect. but an assassin. firing at Mr. Roosevelt. fatally shot Mr. Cermak Federal assistance was sought at Washington by members of the School Board, the teachers. and even students. All got the same advice. It was:
23.April 27, 1933Herald and ReviewDecatur, IL
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TEACHERS in Besiege Trust Company
DEMAND RELIEF bankofficials shafts song. 3,000 militant school their anger the Icop Wednesday siege the Chicago Trust company and the First National bank. precipitated former when police tried to their advance. From the bank, they marched city the school board holding its meeting. Like major military offensive, the march began. Commanding general was TeachJohn who auto equipped with amplifying apparatus, his followers martial music reminding them their impelling purposes. was the second teachers have staged their annual spring cation period.
Police Wield Clubs
The challenge they hurled before offices of the Trust company today "Pay your general melee resulted and pedestrians felt the of the being jostled pushed. Traffic halted for the Some of the teachers forced their way into company's offices. milled about street and doors. clubs bring about some semblance of many them scratched and their Several teachers seriously, and several women fainted The demonstrators clamored for audience General Abel Davis, chairman the board of Trust company and shouted taxes on much of property controls. Referred to Solons committee teachers received by Holman president Trust company. told have been property could not present pay their to the remedy Pettibone them. then proceeded to the First National see president. Traylor. Despite carefully guarded got operations suspended they paraded about, chanting: Traylor not appear and president heckled into teachers then marched to the school board them and speak their views. All against the City Hall School Wallace Cald original proponent of plan close schools from May declared had students themselves would about shutdown by walking from their next The board voted to defer action the proposed closing adoptEdward Kelly's legislative relief program. teachers attempted storm meeting the city council and police cordons the aldermanic teachers mitted addressed the and councilmen he and of the teachers permitted to enter.
24.August 3, 1933The Thomson ReviewThomson, IL
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As Championship Form
CHICAGO BANK AGREES TO GIVE CARROLL BANK POSITORS LOAN OF 15 CENT was made Carroll Saturday that First tional Bank has agreed lend percent the liquid assets of the First Carroll County State bank. This will be money paid percent dividend who agree the monto pay for stock the new bank which being organized Mt. Carroll. Officials the Carroll County State Bank, which has been closed since the March holiday, have plied to the Finance Corporation for loan, and representative of the expected Carroll soon. Three hundred the 500 shares the new bank have been sold.
FARM AND STERLING ALL WIN SUNDAY GAMES INDIAN HEAD LEAGUE
The Standings Fulton Savanna Bureau Sterling Shannon Thomson .300 Lanark Leaders the Indian Head leagretained their positions, Sunday, Fulton showing championship form the Whiteside boys the lowly Lanark Blues by Savanna took from Mt. Carroll; farm bureau had little trouble feating and and Sterlhard pressed eke over
Lanark Pushed Lower Cellar The Lanark Blue Sox before the offensive fensive power the league Fultonites Sunday, and had take to beating most manner. seven rally first inning started the with the winners scoring the first six frames. Seven along with 18 hits garnered by Fulton, them the gave dozen and five Fulton 732 421 Lanark Shear and Wilkins; Cole and Garland.
Savanna Just Manages Win five rally the eighth ninth made possible few solid and couple bobbles by the lads county seat the Brewers victory over the Mt. Carroll Cubs Savanna Sunday. The winners took the lead in the first three nings, only to have Mt. Carroll out front with three run batting spree the fifth and two affair in the sixth The Savandefense tightened then, and the county-seat another across the platter. Score by innings: Savanna Carroll Summary: Home runs, Adams, King. Three base Two hits, Reed, Bashaw, Hanna. Strautz. Stolen base, King, Grimm. Passed balls, Bashaw Wild pitch, Schaut. Struck out, by Ginie Schaut Bases balls off OR Cchaut Winning pitcher, Ginie. Losing pitcher Schaut Umpires, Crouse and McGrath. Time of game, 2:05.
Eighth Wins for Sterling The Shannon entry the Indian Head league enjoyed comfortable lead on their diamond until the eights inning staged the Sterling when the dus. had cleared front The engineered the their balf the 8th fell and the game ended and county team the short Sterling. and Johnson led The Shannon and mier. the registering three Erdmier. Shanmon
001 Shannon Batteries:
Thomson took one run lead the second inning were unable hold for long the Sunday, heavy hitting Farm Bureau taking an victory when the game was over. The boys from the melon village played ball most the time. the slugging Farm Bureau players were much handle, and the winners poked out 14 solid smacks. Manager Ware and his boys turned on full power the fifth, sixth and seventh, seven the eight runs. B. Ab Hawkins Royer Kensinger ef 2b 3b Goble 1b Weymeier 1b Sturtevant Rahn Ware Rahn Leavens Totals Holland 2b Lewis Tousley Hartman Groharing Brown Ores 1b Totals Score by innings: 020 Summary: Two base Royer. Leavens. Stolen base. Hawkins Struck out by Rahn Leavens Leavens Brown Winning pitcher Losing pitcher. Brown.
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