Atlantic Bank (New York, NY)

Episode Information

Episode UID
7662251690871
Episode Type
Suspension β†’ Closure
Bank Type
state
Bank ID
766225169 hash
Start Date
July 16, 1872
Location
New York, New York (40.714, -74.006)

Metadata

Model
gemini-3-flash-preview (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
c4ed7d5c8e435b8b

Response Measures

None

Description

The bank suspended in April 1873 due to a cashier's defalcation and was placed in receivership; it is distinct from the Atlantic Savings Bank mentioned in later articles during the Panic of 1873.

Events (3)

1. July 16, 1872 Other
Newspaper Excerpt
The Atlantic Bank of Brooklyn will be wound up as a national institution, and resume business as a state bank.
Source
newspapers
2. April 26, 1873 Suspension
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Defalcation by the cashier, F. L. Tainter, amounting to approximately $500,000.
Newspaper Excerpt
This was largely if not entirely due to the suspension of the Atlantic Bank, the details of which have to-day transpired
Source
newspapers
3. April 28, 1873 Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
Charles E. Strong was to-day appointed receiver of the Atlantic National Bank.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (23)

Article from Worcester Daily Spy, July 17, 1872

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New York. THE COURTS. NEW YORK, July 16.-The grand jury prcsented in the general sessions to-day, an indictment against Robert L. Crawford, brother-inlaw of Commodore Vanderbilt, for an assault with intent to kill Detective William Henderson. FINANCIAL. The estimated shipment of specie to-morrow is $2,000,000. The receiver of the Guardian savings bank announces the next dividend of twenty-five per cent, to be paid the 10th of August. The Atlantlc bank of Brooklyn will be wound up as a national institution, and resume business as a state bank. GRATZ BROWN RECOVERING. The health of Governor Brown continues to improve, and there is little doubt that he will resume active operations in the campa in this week. THE STRIKES. The threatened strike of press printers has been averted, the employers all granting twenty per cent increased wages. A few clothing cutters and cabinet makers struck to-day for eight hours. METHODISTICAL. Bishop Simpson has indicated his intention to appoint Dr. Lanahan to the vacant presiding eldership of the Washington district in the Baltimore conference of the Methodist Episcopal church. MISCELLANEOUS. Five hundred furniture workmen struck yesterday, their employers demanding that they should resume the ten hour system. Henry Rodgers has been identified as the murderer of officer Donahue of Brooklyn, and the coroner's jury has found some eight other roughs guilty of being accessories. They are all under arrest. A party of ladies and gentlemen, while bathing at Coney Island, yesterday, were robbed of nearly $8,000 worth of jewelry, money and bonds. At a meeting of the employers' executive committee yesterday, it was stated that many of the printing firms have partly conceded to the demands of the striking pressmen. About one hundred thousand dollars were paid out yesterday on the 31 per cent. dividend on about one-third of the preferred stock of Erie. Much gratification is expressed by the holders in finally seeing a dividend. An illicit distillery, with two thousand gallons of mash, was seized to-day in Front street. The Schutzentest, at Union Hill, Jersey, is progressing finely. Among those present are delegations from Boston, New Haven and Hartford.


Article from The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer, July 17, 1872

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NEW YORK CITY. NEW YORK, July 16.-It is believed the District Attorney, with whom the matter in such cases rests, will refuse to allow Stokes to be bailed, also that the next trial will be had in some other county, probably Saratoga. The Grand Jury presented in general session to-day an indictment against Robert L. Crawford, a brother-in-law of Vanderbilt, for assaulting with intent to kill detective Wm. Henderson. The shipments of specie to-morrow is estimated at $2,000,000. The Receiver of the Guardian Savings Bank announces a net dividend of 25 per cent to be paid on the 10th of August. The health of Gov. Brown continues to improve, and there is little doubt he will resume active operations in the campaign this week. A threatened strike of the press printers has been avoided by the employers all granting 25 per cent increase on their wages. A few clothing cutters and cabinet makers struck to-day for 8 hours. Bishop Simpson has indicated his intention to appoint Dr. Lanahan to the vacant presiding Eldership of Washington district, Baltimore Conference of the M. E. Church. The Atlantic Bank, of Brooklyn, is to be wound up as a national institution, and will resume business as a State bank. An illicit distillery, with two hundred tons of mash, was seized to-day on Front street, Brooklyn.


Article from Daily Kennebec Journal, July 17, 1872

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News From New York. New York, 16. The grand jury presented in general session today an indictment against R. L. Crawford, brother-in-law of Commodore Vanderbilt, for an assault with intent to kill detective Henderson. The receiver of the Guardian Savings Bank announces that the next dividend of 25 per cent. will be paid the 10th of August. The threatened strike of the press printers has been adverted, the employers all granting 20 per cent. increase of wages. An illicit distillery with 2000 gallons of mash was seized to-day in Frout street. The Schutzenfest at Union Hill, Jersey, is progressing finely. Among those present are delegations from Boston, New Haven and Hartford. The health of Governor Brown continues to improve, and there is little doubt he will resume active operations in the campaign this week. The Atlantic Bank of Brooklyn will be wound up as a national institution and resume business as 8 State bank.


Article from The Portland Daily Press, July 17, 1872

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MINOR TELEGRAMIS. A party of ladies and gentlemen while bathing at Coney Island, Monday, were robbed of nearly $8000 worth of jewelry, money and bonds. The opera house and post-office building in Sedalia, Missouri, were burned Monday. Loss $40,000; insurance $20,000. Monthly petroleum reports at Titusville shows the daily production for June of 17,449 barrels. The decrease as compared with May is 595 barrels per day. The decrease of stock in oil regions for the month, 20,073 barrels. The President is expected to return to Washington this week. Lieut. Commander Leary is detached from the Canandaigua and placed on waiting orders. J. M. Orr, Chairman of the Territorial Liberal Committee of Utah, has issued a call for a territorial convention on the 25th inst., at Corinne to nominate a candidate for delegate to Congress against George Q. Cannon, a Mormon. The remains of Judge McCunn of New York, are to be taken to Ireland, according to a request in his will. A fire Monday night in Cincinnati, destroyed the cigar factory of J. S. Miller. Loss $8000; partially insured. The shoe house of Monsaul & Co., adjoining suffered damage to the stock by water and smoke of $10,000; fully insured. William P. Drew of Maine, late Chief of the Claims and County Division of the Freedmen's Bureau, has been commissioned as National Bank examiner, and assigned to duty in New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania, in place of Mr. L. Hulburd, resigned. The directors of the Wilton Manufacturing Company at East Wilton, N. H., whose mills were destroyed by fire on the 6th of March, have discovered that the Treasurer, Hiram A. Danniels, is a defaulter to the sum of upwards of $40,000. The Massachusetts press association of editors and publishers, started on their annual excursion Tuesday. They make the mountain region of New Hampshire the objective point. C. Corer, U.S. Consul at the Azores, died on board the barque Fredonia, July 4th. He was on the passage home. He belonged in Lancaster, Mass. The health of Gov. Brown continues to improve and there is little doubt he will resume active operations in the campaign this week. The threatened strike of the press printers in New York has been averted, the employers all granting 20 per cent. increase of wages. Bishop Simpson has indicated his intention to appoint Dr. Lanahan to the vacant presiding eldership of Washington District, Baltimore Conference of the Methodist Episcopal church. The Atlantic Bank of Brooklyn will be wound up as a National institute and resume business as a State Bank. A rain cloud burst on the Honesdale branch of the Erie railroad, Monday evening, washing away the road-bed for 100 feet. It will take several days to repair the damage. The first bale of new cotton was sold Tuesday at Galveston, Texas, for 93 cents per pound in gold.


Article from New-York Tribune, July 17, 1872

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BROOKLYN. Prospect Park visitors last week 196,566. Five persons were bitten, yesterday, by dogs. Twelve liquor-dealers were arrested, yesterday, for violations of the Excise law, The Atlantic Bank will be closed as a national bank, and reopened under the State law. The rain storm of Monday night flooded many basements in the 5th Ward, broke open a sewer and washed away the pavement in Tillery-st. The Committee of Fifty has asked the Commissioners of Public Works that an accountant be allowed to examine the books of the late Water Board. Mayor Powell signed, yesterday, certificates of indebtedness for arrears of taxes, to the amount of $100,000; of which $50,000 is payable in July, 1874, and $50,000 in July, 1875. Judge Tappen rendered a decision, yesterday, declaring James H. McKinny the legally -elected Collector of Flatbush. The coutestant was Peter L. Williamson, who claimed to have received a majority of votes. The corporations owning the largest amount of property are the Brooklyn City Railroad Company, $956,000; the Brooklyn Gas Company, $976,000; the City Gas Company, $609,000; E. D. Gas Company, $512,000, and the First National Bank, $480,000. Thomas Cornwell was awarded, yesterday, the contract to furnish the Penitentiary with 225 tuns of Lehigh coal, at $0 per tun, and the Court-house with 350 tuns, at $5 34 per tun. Joseph Tierney was awarded the contract to supply the Jail with 250 tuns of coal, at $4 75 per tun. The United States steamer Tallapoosa, Lieut.Commander McRitchie, arrived at the Navy-Yard, yesterday morning, from Boston and Booth's Bay, with Rear-Admiral Joseph Smith, and Rear-Admiral A. Smith and wife on board. The Tallapoosa will take on board 200 men from the receiving ship Vermont at the NavyYard, and convey them to Philadelphia for duty on the United States steamer Omaha, now fitting for sea. The Tallapoosa will then proceed to Washington. Commodore A. L. Case, Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance at Washington, visited the Navy-Yard yesterday, and received a salute of 13 guns. LONG ISLAND. HEMPSTEAD.-The Queens County Board of Supervisors will meet to debate the Court-house question, Saturday A special election will be held on the 20th inst., to decide whether $1,230 shall be appropriated for the erection of an engine-house, $400 for the purchase of hose, and $150 for a hose-carriage. FAR ROCKAWAY.-The Long Island Railroad Company is extending its branch to the beach, and will have trains running next Sunday. NEW-JERSEY. JERSEY CITY.-A woman residing in Communipaw-ave. was run over and seriously injured on the Newark and New-York Railroad yesterday Patrick Bradley, age 19, of No. 262 Railroad-ave., was struck by a locomotive on the New-Jersey Railroad at Bergen cut yesterday, and was instantly killed The Board of Police Commissioners, whose offices have been declared forfeited by the Attorney-General, met as usual last night, and transacted the regular business. Officer Jonathan Baldwin was dismissed for speaking disrespectfully of the Commissioners. HOBOKEN.--A verdiet in favor of the piaintiff was rendered yesterday, in the ejectment suit brought by Bernard McClosky against A. O. Evans, editor of The Hudson County Democrat, to obtain possession of the property on which The Democrat office is located. NEWARK.-The Germania Society elected, yesterday, the following officers for the ensuing year: President, H.


Article from Gold Hill Daily News, April 28, 1873

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The Reported Defalcation in the New York Postofice. NEW YORK. April 28.-Postmaster Jasper pronounces without foundation the rumors of a defacation In the accounts of Henry Whiting. Cashier. The rumors originated from the fact that while Mr. Whiting is making up the last quarterly accounts of ex-Postmaster Jones, another is acting as Cashier. Rumored Raidon Pacific Mail Shorts There is a talk on the streets of a movement to twist those who have gone extensively short of Pacific Mail. Goald, Stockwell and Hatch, are said to have most of the stock. and will not allow the street to cover its shorts present prices. Meeting of Atlantic Bank Depositors. The depositors of the Atlantic Bank meet this evening to consider the situation. The United States Marshal has charge of the bank. Burned so Death. Liverpool papers of the 14th contain particulars of the fire in No. 26, Gray street, in that city. whereby one Seharah was burned to death, and an entire family named Edwards, consisting of six persons, suffered suffocation. Fire in Oak Hill. Ohio. PORTSMOUTH 0., April 28.-A in Oak Hill on Saturday night destroyed a store and warehouse belonging to the Mason Furnace Company. Loss, $7,000. No insurance. Suicides. CHICAGO. April 28.-Clara Crawford. an estimable young lady. committed suicide at the house of her brother Charles, yesterday. hanging herself with a trunk strap in her closet during the absence of the family at church. Temporary insanity caused by a long and sovere illness supposed to be the cause. John Coffee. a laborer, blew the top of his head off with a shotgun at boarding house on Clinton street yesterday afternoon. Cause, whisky. Accidentally Drowned. Arthur M. Arnold, aged 14 years, only son of I. W. Arnold, of this city, was drowned in the Rock river, at Dixon, on Saturday, by the capsizing of a boat. New Office. The Western Union Telegraph Comoccupy the new eleoffice just gant pany to-day completed for and them on the southwest corner of Washington and Lasalle streets, directly opposite of their office before. The Exposition Scandal. A Washington special says that an exceedingly sharp controversy is promised between Commissioner Van Buren and the Secretary of State over the alleged irregularities growing out of the Vienna Exposition scandal. The friends of the Commissioner explain that the very reason why he didn't file his bond arose from the fact that the fourteen general appointments of Commissioners were made by the State Department. and Van Buren did not propose to make himself responsible for the distribution of a fund amounting to $200,000. In a letter written to-day on this subject, Secretary Fish said that a detailed report of the examinationgnow taking place in Vienna will be forwarded shortly, and at the earliest moment the suspension of all who shall not be implicated will be removed.


Article from Alexandria Gazette, April 28, 1873

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The Atlantic Bank Failure. NEW YORK, April 28.4-If is thought Taintor, the defaulting Atlantic Bank cashier, who has wealthy and influential friends will be rcleased on bail to-day. He still maintains his wonderful effrontry and coolness of manner. It is now believed the depositors will recover all their money. NEW YORK, April 28.-A large crowd of depositors and others intΓ©rested, are collected around the Atlantio Bank this worning, but the doors were closed and the bank in possession of United States Examiner Meigs, who in connection with its officials are investigating its affairs. NEW YORK, April 28.-Charles E. Strong was to-day appointed receiver of the Atlantic National Bank. Taintor, the defaulting cashier, was brought before the United States Commissioner, but as be had no counsel no application for bail was made, and he was sent back to jail.


Article from Evening Star, April 29, 1873

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Wall Street To-day. NEW YORK, April 28.-The Wall street markets are dull and depressed, developments in the Atlantic bank suspension, while not directly affecting the market, nevertheless creating an inneasy feeling. Gold has sold at 117 % to 116%, the present quotations being at 11618% Notwithstanding the decline of gold foreign exchange is heavy, with business doiug at at a concession of about Y on nominal rates for sterling, which remain 108% and 109% respectively. The money market, notwithstanding the receipts of currency from the interior, which for yesterday were reported by three express companies at nearly $3,000,000, is active.


Article from New-York Tribune, April 29, 1873

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MONDAY, April 28-P. M. The week opened upon an excited condition of affairs at the Stock Exchange, and matters had a much more serious look than at the close on Saturday. This was largely if not entirely due to the suspension of the Atlantic Bank, the details of which have to-day transpired, and will be found elsewhere in THE TRIBUNE. Despite the fact that the institution is a small one, and had few important accounts, a feeling of disquietude was engendered, which was manifested in closer money this afternoon and a weak and declining stock market all the way through. Use was made of this defalcation, and the consequent ruin of the bank, to press stocks for sale, and reports were also circulated in regard to other banks for the same ultimate object. Though the double effect was to produce genume weakness and distrust, yet so far as the stories in regard to other banks were concerned, there was no foundation for them so far as the public is at present advised. The market opened at about Saturday's figures and declined, later reacting somewhat, but again declining in the afternoon, the depression being assisted by active money, so that at the close the market was weak at the lowest prices of the day, with a general sense of depression everywhere prevalent. The stocks most active in the run down were Western Union, Pacific Mail, and St. Paul, those being the three stocks around which the tangled web of speculation is thrown. The entire list was lower, however, and the full range of prices is fairly set forth in the annexed table of opening, highest, lowest. and closing prices of stocks:


Article from Memphis Daily Appeal, April 30, 1873

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Delmonico's in Wife Charged Colored with Infanticide. Shoemakers-TV Strike Among Budget the of Crimes, Murders, Usual Accidents, and Other Matters. YORK, April their 29.-The discussions last Indian thought the Sioux night, among thirty NEW in their most important thousand Indians, field was about disposed to give is who number of whom may be arrangement to the is many crouble if with satisfactory them railroad. in regard Spotted recent Northern not made Pacific restless because chiefs of the A Tail's band murder of in some the Black country River rising the is feared Powder expedition Hill seek to open will up should and a new The commiss missioners Percer in that country. with the Nez trouble from have council and do not expect expect trouble Insummer neither do they or other them, the Klamaths, Snakes country. with dians in the Modoe Duncan has of succeeded the sailor exciting the to opposition all extent the almost port. in boarding line commerce the cargoes of on board week, Vessels paralyze with detained valuable more than a crews. of getting the have been prospect has telegraph tolegraphed and no missioner Philadelphia, Boston The missioners in along the seamer Baltimore to send inghouse keep there and allroad, declined but the to boarding furnish the menin the deposit none came was ma between le vesterday Homer Lane, of wrestling.com A match and John McMahon, thousand of this Vermont, championship for three of Amer- choice jollars, Rutland and the won the toss named for Troy, sea. of ground McMation and time, betting and is in favor of in May 8th. The hundred to seventy. related Lane by one from all facts switch were It is thought with the Richardson some half not disaster connection that there last whose bodies fragment are dozen by even a single fire conthey represente movered. nted Either the intense are in the water the amed them or of the disaster. collector for near the scotte M. Murray, who was at- of Sanford York gas company, Brown in the office not exlatter the to tacked New by Doctor a few weeks ago, is Walsh, nected Betts and William shooting in of Robert two men John Dunn D. who street by will William tnessed saloon the last J. of Sharkey, fall, Sharkey have Houston and the trial left the city to Hessick, of No. 343 yester- Third had Frederick led with his workman, wife Peter street, quarrelled be called upon a and in the day to take him away, Heseick was stab the A struggle Ritter, that Ritter followed was arrested. from the bed fataliy recent arrival at Liverpool news of the excite- people there Cape being brings in state of of an great expected are in They ment in by the Ashantees. twenty four hours been reported distant. The vasion to be only The Fortees Ashantees had march where beaten. and eighty to every tween seventy supposed number be and it was Eimira from the men, to take marching in their English. inter They the king were being at the head four oleraft, divisions, of according the the ne celebrated to an one atention, Irish English newspaper, to hang retire man, announced his Richard Evans, for has official life. and his assistant sueyears, of from well to-do farmer, will be Colcraft's London will cessor fourtee The corp Colcraft oration with office one pound is asked per to on pension and the home Coleraft's last touch at was week, supplement this. the woman Colton, Darham of an cable tolls which go constant into effect illHigh the first of May, press and by the cable Comtreatment on of the the Jour of of the company wompts the lay ing to-day to urge American prees. cable by the night, some fireocean midnight, last entered the rear About of Morrisiana Erkhard, adjoin The the railr alarm hdogs men of Lawrence at Melrose and Erk to the into the yard says when he hard hat was the matter, into the house fatal and again John was attack fight that followed fireman, aged of arrival The prompt sociates of from Morrison the Erkhard, and to taken died aged seven, the George was No. 288 eventh given avenue, by his from last night the effects mistake of poison, for citrate of mague of William preacher of mother The wife in Island, local church, Corse, of was Hemp ar stea Long Method of killing the African on the charge was found in rested to-day child, which thought to have previously the her woods. infant killed three She is now children, all illeestimate a branch of struck the Cris- to The Benchmen, down-town shops, gave the pins, in the of forty shops resumed work day. advance, Fifteen and the refused, men and the reTwo of the forty early answers that to-day's mainder promise Strong reports the Atlantic bank examination Receiver shows condition than was an- supposed beto bein a better Some of othecated the stock has been ticipated to have been hyp box, and it is The on account, lieved found in more security will be which discovered joans hundred thousand amount amounting suspense noted, to one shows that although year at of it was dollars were had been carried a wned by least the fifty per whom cent. it can be collected. indicted parties from cashier Tainter was grand jury. Defaulting the United States Gould was takto-day by afternoon, as Jay Broad street, This Delmonico's brother, ing withCharles lunch in J. Obborneaud came his up to Gould, J. the Marrin, a lawyer, few minutes conver- face. and, after struck a him in but left for his sation, retaliate, drove up Gould did not shortly afterward, G. Sherman. office, with and, his counsel, T.


Article from The Wheeling Daily Register, April 30, 1873

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NEW YORK. -The Defanct Atlantic Bank. New YORK, April 29 - -Exc tement continues around the broken Atlantic Bank and crowds of depositors still linger about the doors who denounce the directors as being as bad as the de. alting cashier. l'he receiver is making out a statement of the bank fairs and expects to have it ready to-morrow The Bakely Trial. After a recess to-dav a tenth juror was obtained in the Blakely trial and, the panel being exhaus ed the Court djourned until to-morrow. U. S District Attorney Bliss, presented the facts of the case. Receiver Strong continued to investigate into the affairs of the bank to-day, although few coroborating circum-tances have yet been developed leading Strong to think that no other officers of he bank are implicated in the frauds It is said suspicions of insolvency have been 00 record in the Treasury Department for at least a year past. In reply to a communication from Mr R 01, a stockholder hinting of a disposition among the stockholders to make up the deficit and pay the creditors in full Mr. Fuller. chairman of the depositors committee stated that the only compromise possible was a tull settlement 01 all claims


Article from Alexandria Gazette, April 30, 1873

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A financial dispatch from New York yesterday says : "The Wall street markets are dull and depressed, the developments in the Atlantic Bank suspension, while not directly affecting the markets, nevertheless creating an uneasy feeling.


Article from The Portland Daily Press, April 30, 1873

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NEW YORK. Views of the Indian Commissioners. NEW YORK, April 29.-The commissioners in their discussion last night thought the most important field was among the Sioux Indians, who number about 35,000, many of whom may be disposed to give trouble if a satisfactory arrangement is not made with them in regard to the Northern Pacific railroad. Spotted Tail's band is restless because of the recent murder of some chiefs, and a rising is feared in Black River and Powder Hill country, should a new expedition seek to open up this country. The commissioners will have a council with the Nez Perces in the summer, and they do not expect trouble from them. Neither do they expect trouble with the Klamaths, Snakes or other indians in the Modoc country. A "Corner" in Sailors. Commissioner Duncan has succeeded in exciting the opposition of sailor boarding house keepers to such an extent as almost to paralyze the commerce of the port. Vessels with valuable cargoes on board have been detained more than a week, and there is no prospect of getting crows. The Commissioner has telegraphed the Commissioners in Philadelphia, Boston and Baltimore to send seamen by railroad, but the boarding-house keepers there decline to furnish men, hence none come. The Atlanic Bank. Receiver Strong reports that to-day's examination shows the Atlantic Bank to be in a better condition than was anticipated. Some of the stock supposed to have been hypothecated has been found in a security box, and it is believed more will be discovered. The suspense account in which call loans amounting to $100,000 were noted, shows that although the amount has been carried a year, at least 50 per cent. is owned by parties from whom it may be collected. The defaulting cashier, Tainter, was indicted to-day by the United States grand jury. A Fight. This afternoon as Jay Gould was taking a lunch in Delmonico's on Broad street, with Charles J. Osborne, his broker, J. J. Marvin, a lawyer, came up to Gould and after a few minutes conversation with him, struck him in the face. Gould did not retaliate but left for his office and shortly afterwards drove up town with his counsel. A difficulty between Jay Gould and Marvin to-day is said to have arisen from an old Eric litigation. Marvin is said to have been under the influence of liquor. A warrant has been issued for his arrest and he will appear before Judge Dowling o-msrrow. Various Matters. Six convicts at Blackwell's Island yesterday afternoon, overpowered their keepers and escaped. Three of them were recaptured in the evening in Williamsburg. Abbott's factory on Nineteenth street was pillaged late on Sunday night, and the thieves bound and gagged the watchman on the premises while they coolly robbed the place. Eight thousand shad were captured in North river yesterday. It is stated that another letter on the PhelpsDodge case is about to be published by Special Agent Jayne, who made some $60,000 by the affair. Gen. Butler is in town arranging for the defence of Naylor & Co., in a suit of the Treasury Deparrment against that firm, in whose behalf Butler has been retained. Farrell, the man who starved 16 horses to death in Brooklyn, has been arrested. A third deposit was made yesterday in the wrestling match between Homer Lane and John McMahon of Rutland, Vt., for $2000 and the championship of America. McMahon won the choiee of ground, and-named Troy, May Betting is in favor of Lane, 100 to 70. Frederick Hessick quarrelled with his wife yesterday. She called upon workman Peter Ritter to take him away, and in the struggle Hessick was stabbed fatally. Ritter was arrested. Gen. Mills, U.S. Army Surgeon at Governor's Island, died last night. The Herald urges the government, if the Atlantic cable monopoly continues, to take possession of the line and give the public reasonable rates. Base ball-Mutuals 24, Chelsea 1. President Watson and Counsellor Barlow of the Erie railway have gone to Boston to assist in organizing a Board of Directors of the Hartford and Erie Company. It is believed that Mr. Hartt will bc elected President. The aggregate of goods. offered the Indian Commissioners on bids opened to-day, was over $50,000,000. Prices were very low and competition greater than was ever known. An Italian named Alexauder Hayatte, who for some time was preaching to Italians at the Five Points, disappeared in a mysterious manner after having obtained from about 100 of his countrymen $2.50 each to pay their passage to Rochester where, as he stated to them, he had found work for them,


Article from Pioche Daily Record, May 1, 1873

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NEW YORK, April 29. Receiver strong reports to-day. The examination shows the Atlantic Bank to be in better condition than was anticipated. Some of the stock, supposed to have been hypothecated, has been found in the Security Company. It is believed more will be discovered. The Cashier, Tainter, was indicted to-day by the United States Grand Jury.


Article from New-York Tribune, May 2, 1873

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LOCAL MISCELLANY. ATLANTIC BANK CREDITORS. LIST OF ,THE PRINCIPAL DEPOSITORS-EXCITEMENT OVER THE TRIBUNE'S REVELATIONS YESTERDAY MORNING-MR. NILES AND RECEIVER STRONG RETICENT. The announcement made exclusively in THE TRIBUNE yesterday morning that Mr. Niles and his clerk, Mr. Conover, had been discovered to have received $125,000 of the Atlantic Bank funds, created great exeitement among the depositors; and when it was learned that the bank had no remedy against them unless it could return the securities deposited with Taintor and stolen by him. the hopes of depositors of recovering their money were greatly lessened. It was reported that one of the largest depositors and one of the first to declare that only cent for cent and the imprisonment of the directors as well as the cashier would satisfy him, had sold his claim against the bank for onethis of its value. Proof of this could not, however, be obtained; but it is generally believed that the small depositors are selling their claims at a heavy discount. A list of the depositors has been prepared, as announced yesterday. The Receiver, Mr. Strong, again refused the press a copy of this interesting document. He does not believe it is to the interest of the bank to publish it, and therefore retains possession of all copies of the document, and refuses to allow an inspection of the books. Indeed, he refuses, for the present, to admit any persons not connected with the bank officially, or coming with information to give rather than to ask. This list of depositors and the amounts to their credit, which the Receiver conceals with commendable zeal for the bank, is given below, for the benefit of depositors and the public generally. It may be relied upon as correct in every particular, though not complete. LIST OF DEPOSITORS AND AMOUNTS DUE THEM.


Article from The Sun, May 2, 1873

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THE BROKEN ATLANTIC BANK. No Exhibit Yet-Rumor upon Rumer in Wall Street-What the Compreller of the Currency Save - Brokers to be Presented. The anxiety to learn the exact condition of the broken Atlantic Bank is unabated. Yes. terday Mr. Strong, the Government receiver. tried in vain to complete his examination of the accounts. so that he might make an immediate report to the depositors. Very few were admitted 1. see him. as he wished to be undisturbed in his work. He will publish the present incomplete facts if the Comptroller of the Currency will permit. His Investigation showed that the assets did not correspond with the entries in the books. There were entries of loans for which no collaterals could be found in the cashier's box. Until a report is officially made, Mr. Strong declines to give the public any information or to deny or affirm the rumors atloat. It was rumored in Wall street that THE ACTUAL DEFICIENCY was $000.000, and that of this $200,000 had been lost by Taintor in speculation. The remaining $ 40.000 it Was said. was in bis possession. and it was supposed that he expected to compromise for $200.000 and retain $200.000 for his own use. The Hon. J. J. Knox. the Comptroller of the Currency, said that he had heard such a rumor. He did not know whether it was true. He expected to know to-day. when the receiver presents a report to him. Mr. W. J. A. Fuller. Chairman of the Depositors Committee. reported that it was the intention of the bank directors to prosecute the brokers in Wall street who were the main cause of the suspension. He said there was one broker who had $125,000 placed to his credit when the total amount of his deposit was only $312. He believed that Taintor's Irregularities were in great part due to the brokers. As soon as Mr. Burroughs. one of the directors. returns to the city, definite action is to be taken against the offenders. TAINTOR DISBELIEVED. An impression prevailed among many of the depositors that Taintor had attempted to mislead them in his story of his transactions. It was charged that his guilt was more Gagrant than he would have the public think. The belief was that he still had possession of the money and securities which were missing. and that he held the property until he could make terms of settlement with the bank. It was said that a friend to whom he communicated the fact that he had made away with $25,000 of the bank's money advised him to seize the collaterals of the bank. There was one story that be lost that sum in gambling, but it was not corroborated.


Article from New-York Tribune, May 3, 1873

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The Receiver states that some of the assets of the bank are debts standing on the books which will require collection, and if they are not paid will of course reduce the amount. He says that no explanation has been received from Taintor's brokers as to their operations with the cashier and the bank. THE TRIBUNE published exclusively yesterday morning a full list of the larger depositors of the Atlantic Bank, although information was refused by the Rereiver. There were 99 of these to whom, and on certain certificates of deposit, there was due $487,916 90. Below will be found the names of 187 other depositors whose balances are less than $1,000 to whom the bank owes $45,519 93. The depositors are growing gradually less hopeful of securing a full return of the amounts due them, and some sales of claims are said to have been made yesterday at a discount. Messrs. Libby & Clark were alluded to yesterday as the largest losers among the individual depositors. On inquiry it was found that this amount was the smallest balance of four bank accounts which the firm keeps, and the concern is no way embarrassed by this unexpected locking up of their money. The following is the list of minor depositors as shown by the Receiver's examination of the books.


Article from The Dallas Daily Herald, May 3, 1873

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Associated Press Dispatches to the Dallas Daily Herald. MODOCS. LAVA BEDS, May 2. - A special dispatch says all the troops have returned. Nothing has been heard of Lieut. Cranston. The Modocs had a large fire dance. The Warm Spring Indians, during the excitement of the light, were fired upon by the soldiers and compelled to retreat. The mules have the epizootic. Four men were found around the body of Lieut. Wright, and eleven around Maj. Thomas. NEW YORK, May 2-Wall street markets continue very dull. Gold has neted lower than yesterday, all sales having been made at 16g to 163 per cent. On gold loans rates have been 5, 6 to 7 gold per annum and 1-32 per carrying. Foreign exchange is utterly demoralized, the nominal rates for sterling remaining as yesterday, but rates for business being 8ge to 81c for sixty days; 9 to 9g for demand. Sterling money market is very stringent for call loans, brokers having paid 1/8 to 3-16} of one per cent. per day. The clearing house statement this morning shows violent changes incid ent to the preparations made yesterday and the Jay before by the city and various corporations for the May interest payments. In addition to this natural disturbance, the market is speculative. Manipulations have been resorted to advance rates. Mercantile paper is temporarily rejected. There is less gossip about stocks. The last unfavorable rumors have been silenced by the clearing house. The committee who, last evening, examined the manufacturers and merchants, say the distrust which has been created by panic mongers has less foundation than at any time for a year previous to the At. Inntic Bank and the Bull's Head Bank surpension Given ment bonds are down with go! h I 11 the deeling are Son he a 11 ber 8 were multi and firm Ht 11 old Th Mock mather was everist, he R e. depression having be a N lis. first Louid, when C. C.S 1. C. sold #1


Article from The Daily Dispatch, May 3, 1873

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FINANCIAL. (BY TELEGRAPH.) NEW YORK. NEW YORK, May 2.-Wall-Street markets continuevery dull to-day. Gold has ruled lower than yesterday, all sales having been at 1161@116}. on gold loans the rates have been 5@g per cent. gold per annum and 1-32 per cent. per day for carrying. Foreign exchange is utterly demoralized, nominal rates for sterling remaining as yesterday, but rates for business being 108/@108 for sixty days and 109 @109} for demand. The money market is very stringent for call loan brokers having paid / @3-16@ per cent. per day The clearlog-house statement this morning show's violent changes incident to the preparations yesterday and the day before by the city and various corporations for the May interest payments. In addition to this natural dis urbance of the market, speculative manipulations have been resorted to to advance rates. Mercantile paper is temporarily neglected, and there is less gossip about banks. the last unfavorable rumors having been silenced by the clearinghouse committee who last evening examined the Manufacturers and Merchants Banks. The distrust which has been created by panic-mongers has less foundation than at any time for years previous to the Atlantic Bank and the Bull's Head Bank suspensions. Government bonds are down with gold. but at the decline are strong. Southern State bonds were dun and firm it the .. Board." The stock market was feverish early in the day. the greatest depression having been at the first Board," when C. C." and Word" sold at 317, and U. P." at 298. After Board, the market became strong and is so now. Telegraph has been exceptionally strong throughout. The other active stocks have been the Pacific Mail, it. Paul, Lake Shore, and New York Central. Tennessee's, 78; new, 78. Virginia's, 43: new, 43: consols, 527: deferred. 13. Louisiana's, 43: new. 40. Levee's, 8's, 50. Alabama's, 80: 5's. 55. Georgia's, 72: 7's, 86. North Carolina's, 25: new, 15: special tax, 12. South Carolina's, 30: new, 171; April and October, 28.


Article from Wood County Reporter, May 8, 1873

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I by Geo. Prouty, as a Barber Shop.Plover Times. -The Cineinnati Commercial says. "If O'Kelly doesn't culminate pretty soon, we shall order the printers to distribute his obituary` -Mrs. Florence Knox has been engaged to sing in Piymouth Church, Brooklyn,st a salary of $2,500 per annum. She is a Michigan lady. The Ogdensburgh Leader says : A train on the G. B. and L. P. passed through our village the other day, embracing twenty-one cars. How's that for high? -...William B. Astor has presented Trinity Church, New York, with two golden candlesticks each nine feet long, for "a light to shine upon the path, &c. -The Leader is in receipt of reports from La Crosse county stating that winter wheat is almost entirely killed out and that farmers have reseeded the ground to spring wheat. -The Democrat reports that no logs account come down of any have from above Neillsville. There are now between 25,000,000 and 30,000,000 in the boom above Onalaska. -The Rev. Dr. Thomas, who was one of the commissioners butchered by the Modoc Indians, it is stated, was a brother-in-law of Mr. J. C. Brainard, of the town of Elba, Columbia county. --The reputation of the Atlantic Bank of New York is badly attainted, by the embezzeiment of funds to the amount of $500,000 by its cashier, F.L. Tainter. The institution is irrevocably gone up. -Miss Nellie Grant will be eighteen years old on the 4th of July. Out of courtesy to the Democrats, she ought not to have been born on that day, but such being the fact the best thing they can do is not to celebrate it. ....The Black River Falls Banner, of Saturdy says "The logs are coming down right lively. It is thought 100, 000,000 feet will go down on the present raise, and perhaps more if the water keeps up a few days longer." _A new School Teacher, weighing only nine lbs., put in an appearance at the the house first of of this Mr. week. M. L. Alban, This is the a boy). first occurrence of the kind that has ever happened in his family. We wish our friend much joy.-Plover Times. -Dr. Mark Ranney of Providence. R. I. has been appointed Supt. of the Wis. Hospital of the Insane in place of Dr. A. S. McDill, resigned. The Dr. takes the position with the highest reccommodations, but could not Wisconsin furnish a Superintendent from among the many excellent practitioners within its limits? --The difficulty is now obviated of running over rocks Big Bull. lumber The the ragged of Boom, lately in at the below Messrs the Leahy, Falls Huntington expense put of and Cooper, and of which we made mention of in our last, is completed, and now the transmission is rendered comparatively safe and easy, over this heretofore destructive and dangerous point.-Central, (Wausan). -The little Ogdensburghers-so says the Leuder-are hooting people nights and disturbing evening meetings paying particular attention to the Lodge of Good Templars. Bro. Hopkins, don't let up on the youngsters. Any boy big enough to wear copper toed boots knows better than to bud and bloom into a rowdy. Incipient rowdyism is bane to a town's progressiveness -Amongthe lost on the wrecked steamer Atlantic was Prof. Albert I. Samner, a nephew of Charles Summer. He had been residing in Dresdon, Saxony, for some time, studying and pracwas on his met fate. tieing way He home his when profession, he and his sad was yet in the prime of life, and the future ..:11:


Article from New-York Tribune, May 10, 1873

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ROTTEN TO THE CORE. THE ATLANTIC BANK ASSETS OF DOURTFUL VALUEDIRECTORS AND OFFICERS NOTES DISCOUNTED WITHOUT GOOD SECURITY - LARGE CLAIMS AGAINST THE BANK PRESENTED - IMPORTANT CONFERENCE OF THE DEPOSITORS'2 COMMITTE! WITH MR. BURROUGHS. It was announced exclusively in THE TRIBUNE of May 1 that examination of the accounts of the At lautic Bank showed that one of the directors had overdrawn his account $6,000. and that a broker and his clerk had obtained large loans on missing securities. Further examination shows that at least three other officers are involved in the same manner, and to large amounts. There 18 no evidence of anything else than careleasness in these transactions, but the revelations have greatly discouraged and disgusted the depositors. It seems that among the assets in the hands of the receiver is a note for $30,000, drawn by the President of the bank, Mr. J. E. Southworth, which was discounted some weeks ago. Inquiry was made to learn whether a committee of the bank had authorized this loan to the President, or whether Mr. Southworth himself had accepted his own securities, but nothing definite could be ascertained. Some mining stock was deposited as security, but it is now described as absolutely worthless. Mr. Southworth's responsibility was discussed at the bank, yesterday, but nothing relative to his present financial condition was ascertained by the Committee of Depositors. A similar note. drawn by another director and indorsed by the President, 18 said to be discovered among the assets, but as the exact amount was not named and the standing of the director not known by the informant, he declined to give the name for publication. It was known, however, that the collateral deposited to secure this note was valueless. Indeed, the defaulting cashier, Taintor, made away, within three days previous to the discovery of his crime, with all the securities negotiable on the market. Among the assets marked "doubtful" is another note for $8,000. drawn by Mr. A. B. Chapwell, the notary of the bank; and it is said this has been running, under frequent renewals, for two years. It was learned at the bank that fresh liabilities to a large amount have been presented to the receiver within a few days. and that suit to recover these claims has been threatened. Their nature is not stated. In view of the serious nature of these unexpected liabilities which the receiver has reported at Washington, the Controller of the Currency yesterday telegraphed Mr. Strong. the receiver. forbidding him to make any dividend until the liabilities of the bank were fully and certainly ascertained. This order led to the impression that the receiver anticipated the presentment of other claims upon the collateral and special deposits. Yesterday afternoon the Committee of the Depositors, consisting of Messrs. Wm. H. Libby, E. D. G. Cook, R. H. Rochester, W. C. Martin, and W. J. A. FullΓ©r, had a conference with Mr. Roswell S. Burroughs, a director. and heretofore supposed to be the largest stockholder in the bank. The meeting took place at the office of Messes. Libby & Clarke, Nos. 196 and 198 Maiden-lane, and was secret and exciting. It was found that the stock has been scattered in all directions, and in small parcels, from Maine to Pennsylvania. There are over 100 stockholders, instead of a score, as heretofore understood to be the case. With the exception of Mr. Burroughs. the largest stockholders are admitted or reported to be insolvent. One of the Committee had information that Mr. Burroughs had some time ago disposed of a large part of his stock. and an attempt was made by Mr. W. J. A. Fuller 1 induce Mr. Burroughs to state exactly how much he now owned. He was asked if he did not own 1,093 shares, but declined to answer further than that he held not more than that amount. This reply was variously construed. Mr. Burroughs was subsequently asked by a TRIBUNE reporter if the Committee had asked him the question whether or not he was a stockholder to any amount, and he declined to answer. He thought it was hardly a proper question. There were suggestions made at the meeting of beginning suits, and Mr. Burroughs said in reference to this that he did not know who they could sue or prosecute. As for himself, his conscience was clear and his skirts clean. He lived 600 miles away, and couldn't be expected to watch the officers of the bank. He was a large lender to the bank, and had never been a borrower. and they would make nothing by suing him. The Committee will report on Monday to the depositors, who are to hold an executive session on that day; the report will probably be in favor of a compromise on the best terms obtainable. as the business men of the Committee prefer this to litigation.


Article from New Orleans Republican, September 23, 1873

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BANK FAILURES The Condition of Affairs Monday Morning. NEW YORK, September The Gold Ex. change has closed, the same as the Stock Exchange: 112 has been established as the basis of settlements. The room will re. main open for the purpose of settlement. The rate of interest is fixed at seven per cent for carrying. It is officially announced that Secretary Richardson will continue to buy bonds at Saturday's quetations, He (Secretary Richardson) said last night he did not see that he had the power to do more than buy bonds, and all tive-twenties offered will be bought without delay or red tape. The government, the Secretary adds, "is not a trust company or loan institution, and it is doubtful whether Congress would sanction any such construction of my power. The above alludes to using the $40,000,000 reserves. Thirty savings banks have resolved to rigidly enforce the previously noticed clause. The Stock Exchange remains closed today. from the Clearing House office check passed says A message that every through It the Clearing House will be paid. says the banks are in no danger: they were never stronger. All the banks have pulled through except the two settling through the loan committee. All the savings banks "runned" the Clearing House. The loan committee issued : 0.000 gov. ernment certified checks and $1,000,000 bonds. Large crowds are waiting to sell Montreal and Europe are buying stocks at a *shrinkage. The sub-treasury is buying five-twenties at 110 12-100. The run on the Seamen's Bank has commenced. They pay sums of $100 and under: larger amounts must await the law's delay. When the doors of the Irving Savings 96 Warren street, were opened this a crowd of in. for their money. Bank, clamoring morning No. depositors work. The and rashed paying teller immediately set to com. menced to satisfy their demands. When the majority saw how willingly money was being paid out they became quieted and left. Up two o'clock the bank had paid out about $10,000, and received a considerable amount in deposits. At the Broadway Savings Bank. No. : Park place. business was being done as or no excitement out up to while a amount had been not The usual. amount exceed Little paid 810.000. received. two proportional prevailed. clock did The bank officials do not anticipate a run. Shortly after the Bowery Savings Bank opened its doors this morning large numit bers of depositors began arriving, and soon became evident there was going to be run The trustees met and decided to a allowances, as they did not believe the PULL pay would last. The trustees etated that nearly all of the depositors drawing out their money were small accounts. The trustees say that they have got 812.000.000 government bonds and about $2,000,000 in New York and $100,000 in Brooklyn which they could draw on immediately. However. if the run lasts they will take advantage of the thirty days notice clause in the by but will even then pay out sums up to 8200 or $300, so as to save their depositors from any inconvenience. New York Savings Bank. Sixth has a run. All checks are cashed. The a which is being met. slight promptly avenue. The run. Greenwich checks promptly has being The Biecker is paying all upon presentation. There is a large crowd in attendance. The Atlantic is paying all checks of $100 and less upon presentation. Checks of greater amount are required to abide by the sixty days by-law. Feeling of Relief. The feeling among all classes is one of of great relief. There are no runs on any the national or State banks. and the crowds on Wall street are mainly curious spectators. There is considerable inquiry for stocks on the streets. investors with greenbacks seeking purchases. but the prohibit tion of the Stock Exchange precludes trans. actions. Cooke & Co.'s Creditors. : of Jay Cooke & cred- have itore No held until full will meeting Jay be statements Co. been received from the various branch they have throughout the county offices these are now being prepared with the try: utmost dispatch. The firm can not at 0 present say anything with regard to the duration of their suspension. The Clearing House has issued a state ment that all the banks made their clear- here. satisfactorily. including the two tofore reported in doubt. The following are the street anotations showing the falling off: New York Central 90, Hariem 106. Eric 51. Rock Island 87. Panama 88. How it is Arranged. of drafts drawn of Jay Cooke Co. correspondents Holders by banks the & under referred for honor to the and bankers are set opposite their respective names. ( Drafts drawn against money deposited since their suspension will be paid upon presentation to Jay Cooke, McCulloch & Co., Lordon: Drexel, Morgan & Co. Home Insurance and Banking ComGalveston; American Exchange NaP pany, tional Bank: Planters and Miners' Bank, t Centreville, Georgia; National Park Bank: p Georgia Banking and Trust Company. At lanta, Georgia; Hopkins, Dwight & Trowf bridge Savings Institution, Mobile; Metropolitan National Bank. What the Express Says. t Express says: "After all but one bank The suspended and two trust companies. has The banks both here and in Washington, as B turns out, were worse scared than hurt, and It h indeed half the panic has been a scare. is understood that the loan committee


Article from Knoxville Weekly Chronicle, September 24, 1873

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WASHINGTON. Sent. 22.-In the course of the morning the President called at the Treasury Department and had a conference with Secretary Richardson. The result of it may be inferred from the fact thatsubsequently the Secretary stated to the agent of the New York Associated Press that the President will o anything within the law but will in no particular go beyond his clear legal authority. He will maintain the safety of the Treasury Department and protect the credit of the United States from the influences of the present financial embarrassment. Jay Cooke re-asserts the solvency of the London house. A private dispatch from Shreveport is discouraging. Pastor Hutter, of St. Mathew's Lutheran Church of Philadelphia is dead, aged 61 years. An American steamer at Newfoundland reports collision with a fisherman, three out of fifteen were saved. Bettingist and three to one on Brown for to-morrow's boat raco at Halifax. The Treasury Department denies that the navy account fund had been transferred from Jay Cooke, McCulloch & Co. Judge Richardson, says he will look out that the Government does its duty within the law, and he knows exactly where to get all the funds that are necessary, but does not intimate a word about the much talked of legal tender reserve, furnishing a part of the money to go to the Assistant Treasurer at New York. No meeting of the creditors will be held until full statements have been received from the various branch offices throughout the country. These are being prepared with the utmost dispatch. The firm can not at present say anything in regard to the duration of their suspension. The Clearing House statement is out to-day and shows that all the banks made their clearing satisfactorily, including the two heretofore reported in doubt. The following are the street quotations, showing a falling off New York Central, 91 Harlem, 106: Erie, 51; Rock Island, 87 Panama, 88. At present the excitement has complete. ly subsided. At the Broadway Sayings Bank, No. 4 Park Place, business was being transacted as usual, little or no exeitement prevailing. The amount paid up to two o'clock did not exceed $10,000, while the proportionate amount had been received. The bank officials do not anticipate a run. Shortly after the Bowery Savings Bank opened its doors, this morning, a large number of depositors began arriving and it soon became evident that there was going to be a run. The trustees met and decided to pay. all demands, as they did not believe that the run would last. One of the trustees stated that nearly all of the depositors drawing out their money were those having small accounts. The trustees say that they have et $2,000,000 government bonds, $1,000,000 in New York and $1,000,000 in Brooklyn, which could be drawn on immediately. However, if the run lasts, they will take advantage of every notice clause in their by-laws, but will even then pay out sums deup to $200 or $300, SO as to save their positors from any inconvenience. The Union Dime"Savings Bank, Canal street, is besieged by a vast throng. About two hundred are inside. The doors are closed, and a placard in the window announces that as many persons are in as can be paid to-day. The bank is amply able to meet the run, having on hand $1,500,000ir cash. They will sell to-day $500,000 in bonds, the proceeds going to reinforce their cash for to-morrow's run. They are not exacting the sixty days privilege accorded by its (by-laws. There are ninety thousand depositors with the institution. The New York Savings bank of Sixth Avenue, has had a run of $100,000, all checks being promptly cashed. The Greenwich Savings bank has had a slight run, which was promptly met. The Blecker street Bank is paying all checks upon presentation. A large line is in attendance. The Atlantic bank is paying all checks of one hundred dollars and less upon presentation. Checks of a greater amount are required to abide by sixty days by-law. Currency for the Purchase ef Ronds Fortheoming, WASHINGTON, Sept. 22.-Richard Harrington was appointed Secretary of State, of this District, vice E. L. Stanton, Esq., resigned. There will be a sufficient amount of currency in New York to-morrow, belonging to the Government to buy all the bonds that may be offered. The Secretary of the Treasury bas all that is necessary. and will lookout that there is enough in the hands of the Assistant Treasurer to buy everything in the shape of Government bonds that are presented for sale. Run on Savings Banks. The run on the Washington sayings banks to-day was comparatively very slight. Secretary Richardson received the following dispatch, dated at New York, today: Mercantile business progresses as usual. Wall street is already itself. The people join in congratulations to the President and Secretary Richardson for their stability. The Stock Exchange will be opened Wednesday Notice from Southern Banks. NEW YORK, Sept. 92 The holders of e drafts drawn by the undersigned, who are of Jay ree ferred honor to the banks correspondents for Cooke & and Co., bankers are Drafts set opposite their respective names.