7130. First National Bank (Wichita, KS)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Suspension → Closure
Bank Type
national
Bank ID
1913
Charter Number
1913
Start Date
January 1, 1873*
Location
Wichita, Kansas (37.692, -97.338)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
03a8b5d4

Response Measures

None

Receivership Details

Depositor recovery rate
70.0%
Date receivership started
1876-09-23
Date receivership terminated
1880-07-14
OCC cause of failure
Fraud
Share of assets assessed as good
40.8%
Share of assets assessed as doubtful
12.7%
Share of assets assessed as worthless
46.5%

Description

Articles describe the panic of 1873 and the bank's public statement (Sept 29, 1873) pleading for depositors' forbearance; the bank subsequently failed (officers indicted, president Fraker fled and later arrested and convicted). There is no clear contemporaneous description of a depositor run prior to suspension — the proximate cause cited is the nationwide panic of 1873 (macro news) and bad Texas cattle paper. Bank did not reopen; by 1879 building owned by county.

Events (7)

1. January 2, 1872 Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2. January 1, 1873* Other
Newspaper Excerpt
the First National Bank failed and as a consequence thereof, the officers were indicted by the United States grand jury. They were technically guilty of violation of the national banking act and were found guilty, but were thereafter pardoned.
Source
newspapers
3. September 29, 1873 Suspension
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
The national panic of 1873 (tightening of currency) and large amount of soon-maturing merchant/farm notes and worthless Texas cattle paper threatened liquidity, prompting the bank to request depositors' forbearance.
Newspaper Excerpt
The prevailing panic causes so much anxiety in regard to all our monied institutions ... We will be ABUNDANTLY ABLE to meet all demands on us in currency; either without loss or embarassment to ourselves ... FIRST NATIONAL BANK is abundantly able to take care of itself
Source
newspapers
4. September 23, 1876 Receivership
Source
historical_nic
5. May 3, 1877 Other
Newspaper Excerpt
J. C. Fraker, late president of the First National Bank, had been identified ... taken into custody ... the calamity of a fellow being ... that wrecked the bank and made its president flee an impending vengeance
Source
newspapers
6. October 25, 1877 Other
Newspaper Excerpt
J. C. FRAKER'S STATEMENT ... explanation of his plea of 'guilty' to the indictments against him for unlawful irregularities and embezzlements ... reason given for the bank's embarassment ... nearly $50,000 in worthless paper
Source
newspapers
7. January 9, 1879 Other
Newspaper Excerpt
Wichita never experienced but one bank failure, and that was directly traceable to the panic ... The building of the First National ... is now owned by the county
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (5)

Article from The Wichita City Eagle, October 2, 1873

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

FIRST NATIONAL BANK. Wichita, Kan., Monday, Sept. 29th 1873. To our Customers and the Citizens of this Community. The prevailing panic causes so much anxiety in regard to all our monied institutions we deem it proper and due to those who have entrusted their money with us to make the following statement as to the best and wisest policy to be persued to protect ourselves and the commercial interests of this city. We hold over TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS of notes which mature in a few days against and endorsed be nearly all the leading Merchants, Farmers and Stock Dealers of Wichita and Southwestern Kansas. Which, if we are compelled to collect at once, will bring financial ruin and bankruptey upon this city and county that will require many years to repair. We will further state that we hold receipts of the treasurer of the United States for $60,000 of Government Bonds, which are worth $68,000 in curreney. We have $63,000 IN CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE, besides, our Stockholders are among the largest taxpayers and property holders of Sedgwick county, all of which is pledged to meet honorably and in good faith every dollar deposited in this Bank. If this community, in this crisis, which has swept over the country locking up the currency temporarily in all the great money centres demand immediate payment of the banks, they will have to force payment on all notes due them. If our friends and depositors, most of whom are in debt to us, for passed and present favors, will exercise a little patience and forbearance until the present panic is over (which we hope will not last long). We will be ABUNDANTLY ABLE to meet all demands on us in currency; either without loss or embarassment to ourselves and without bringing distress and ruin upon those who are indebted to us. We say most emphatically that the FIRST NATIONAL BANK is abundantly able to take care of itself and protect its customers and friends. Whatever action we take in this emergency to protect ourselves and this community from loss, will not be taken until we are assured that our action will be fully sustained by the Government. We will survive the present financial stormy-panic and will do business in this city in the years to come, and will most assuredly stand by our friends in their time of need. We would impress most emphatically upon all our business men, farmers, stock men, and banks, not to pay out any currency to any one to either be buried out of circulation OF to be taken from the country, until the blockade is lifted from the currency and we can ship in a supply. Hoping for the cordial and hearty cooperation of all our property holders, business men, stock men, mechanics, and farmers, who are immensely interested in our rapidly growing city and county we are as ever Yours truly J. C. FRAKER, President. J. R. MEAD, Vice-President. A. H. GOSSARD, Cashier. DIRECTORS and STOCKHOLDERS: C. F. GILBERT, W. A. THOMAS & Co., TODD & ROYAL, W. S. JENKINS, S. C. JOHNSON, CLARK KINCAID, M. F. WRIGHT, JOSEPH A. MILLER, THOMAS L. THROCKMORTON, E.G. WRIGHT. H. M. GRAY, BEN. F. HayWOOD, W.P. GOSSARD.


Article from The Wichita City Eagle, May 3, 1877

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

J. C. Fraker Arrested in Texas. Deputy U. S. Marshal C. B. Jones received a dispatch last Thursday (that J. C. Fraker, late president of the First National Bank, had been identified by means of a photograph and taken into custody by a sheriff who had previously received a description from Jones. Charley left on the next train to take charge of and return the prisoner to this state. We are not one of those who ever rejoices over the calamity of a fellow being however exalted or low bis station, or however palpable his guilt, much less over that of one whom we have personally known for a series of years as one, bearing the reputation of an unimpeachable integrity and a generous nature evinced by numberless charities. And while we, with others, suffered great embarassment financially and personal chagrin as the result of J. C. Fraker's criminal carelessness or criminal actions and designs that wrecked the bank and made its president flee an impending vengeance, we nevertheless scorn the spirit evinced by some when the news of his arrest was announced. The man that kicks the under dog is no man at all. Nine times out of ten the individual most vehement in denunciations of the criminally unfortunate deserves the most watching. Our own judgment is and has been that J.C. Fraker never contemplated defrauding cooly his friends or patrons, but driven to desperation in his efforts to uphold an institution whose bottom fell out during the panic ot '73, with $50.000. worthless Texas cattle paper in its vaults, and to sustain his own name, home and financial reputation. he committed the crimes with which he 18 charged. In this we may be mistaken. The result we all know-some of us to our sorrow. He violated the national law to which he must atone, and this nor other excuse will stand for a sufficient apology, nor the fact that from small beginings as a poor boy until past the meridian of lite he- had not only maintained affair repute but encompassed much that was praiseworthy and honorable. He attempted too much and the fall was correspondingly disastrous; still and notwithstanding we in our heart despise the spirit of the few who, having lost little or nothing, gloat and triumph over a downfall that may have been marked with crime. While it is morally, legally and from every other consideration right that J. C. Fraker should be arrested and made to answer for the wrongs he committed still there stand his motherless children pleading for a father in disgrace, there the mental anguish and blighted hopes of the innocent wife of a twelvemonth, and he who can laugh at the sad picture must be lost to the best instincts of human nature.


Article from The Wichita City Eagle, October 25, 1877

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

# J. C. FRAKER'S STATEMENT. The Other Late Officers of the First National Bank and the Present Condition of that Institution. A large portion of our space on the second page, this week, is given up to the statement made by J. C. Fraker, to the United States District Court now in session at Leavenworth in pursuance of or in explanation of his plea of "guilty" to the indictments against him for unlawful irregularities and embezzle- ments. The statement is not only published in justice to him and the other officers asso- cisted with him, upon whom it will be seen he does not reflect but rather exonerates, but from the conviction that a large number of our local readers, many of whom knew Fra- ker personally, will be interested in its peru- kal. It is given in full, not abating or adding a single word, just as it came from his own lips, be having sent us personally the copy. The statement speaks for itself and upon its face bears the impress of unvarnished truth, even did not a'l the surroundings and cireum- stances, as the words of those most intimate with the affairs of the bank, confirm. One has to but in imagication put himself in the same place to understand how in his anxiety to tice over the disastrous collapse of '73 which left such a large amount of what proved to be worthless paper on the bank's hands- nearly $50,000-in his anxietty to save als name, credit and family from ruin, and to return the in oney of friends and pat- rons, that he himself went, and induced oth- ers to go, beyond the limits prescribed by law. But he did it and no explanation, ex- cuse or palliation could save him from the direful penalty of a violated law. An up- right, conscientious official and private life covering many years of time, count as noth- ing, nor even the fact that in the last six months many like offenders in the United States have gone free. It will be seen that the reason given for the bank's embarassment are identically those which were put forward by the EAGLE a few months since as proba- ble. Fraker explains in his statement how he came to run away-how in the face of ruin and scattered fortune, the jeers of the crowd, the threats of individuals, and, werst of all, the suspicion and distrust of old friends, his maphood, which had sustained him in all the trials of years, forsook him, and he became a coward and fled from the face of all that had known him. E. G. Wright makes no statement for pub- lication, but his case also enlists our fullest sympathies, and we here express them in all freedom in defiance of the curse of hypocrites and the horror of mere purists. True, he was an officer in one sense, but he owned none of the capital stock and was responsible only so far as his clerical duties were concern- ed. All be bad to lose was his situation, still that situation was his all, and he no doubt felt more interest in keeping the institution up than many mere stockholders. To help those with whom he was intimately and daily asso- ciated, out of trouble, and to keep alive the place to which be had been for several years looking for the bread eaten by himself, by his faithful wife and innocent children-he, too, violated the letter of the law, and in the ad- mission of that fact poor Ed. Wright was sen- tenced to bear the ignominy of J. C. Fraker. In his associations with his fellow-men he has always, so far as we know, been upright, hon- orable and above suspicion, commanding and retaining the respect and confidence of all. The places of trust or honor in either degree or number had not been held by him as by Fraker, but in all he had been true even to the sacrificing the roof that covers the head of his children to make good the city's money which he, as treasurer, held and which went with the rest, and for one we stand ready with pen, voice, or whatever influence we may have to implore and beg for execu- tive clemency and pardon. Even the jury, dispassionate strangers who feit bound under their oaths to return the verdict that like an unexpected night of gloom, shut out his sun of freedom and took him away from ali he loved, these twelve men not only signed a pe- tition for his release but waited upon him in his agony and with heavy hearts told him how unequal in his case was the effect of the law. The very voice of the Judge must have faltered in passing so hard a sentence upon one who had sinned more in thoughtless com- passion than design. J. W. Eldridge, as an officer, was indicted for being privy to and an aider and abettor of the wrong done by his associates. Upon trial a minority of the jury refused to agree to a verdict of guility, being incapable of consign- ing to a felon's cell, a fellow-man who, tom the evidence, had no thought of wronging any one. Upon that jury was Hon. James F. Legate who though the possessor of a great warm heart is still one of the soundest and best read lawyers in the West. Mr. Eldridge, in a life running back over sixty years, had borne an unblemished character. He came to Wichita some three years since with ten thousand dollars cash with which he purchas- ed stock in the unfortunate First National becoming its cashier. When the bank went down he was left without a cent. Nay, worse. It carried with it three thousand dol- lars of his cousin's money, his wife's and his mother-in-law's and brother-in-law's money. To make good, so far as lay in his power, the losses of depositors be mortgaged his home and all he had besides and freely turned it over, as had Fraker. On the down-hill side of life all his savings of years were not only swept away, his family left without anything, but himself threatened with shame and dis- honor. There is one other efficer who, though not involved in any way that casts a shadow upon his name, to whom we wish to allude. At- tempts, the most strenuous, were not only made but money was raised for the purpose of procuring Vice President J. R. Mead's in- dictment. After the country had been raked and scraped he came out unscathed and un- tainted entire. The grand jury found noth- ing upon which even a suspicion could be hanged. In this connection we here quote an extract from an editorial in the Topeka daily Commonwealth whose editor knew both Mr. Mead and Fraker, intimately: "We have known Mr. Fraker a great many years, have been intimately associated with him many times and always found him upright, frank and honest In connection with this subject we can't refrain from saying a word about another of the National Bank. We refer to J. R. Mend, whom we have known for many years, and under varying circumstances, and never knew aught against him. There has been an effort-some think a vindictive one, but we will not say so-to connect him with the dishonest transactions in connection with he bank. The case has been before two Uni- sed States grand juries and been investigated to the bottom, and he comes out entirely un- scathed. Mr. Mead has been a heavy loser by the bank. He put money into it as an invest- ment in good falth, and went about his other business, supposing that his investment was a safe one. Ile has lost, we think, about $30,- 000, besides being subjected to suspicions and going through a terrible ordeal. He is, as we said above, completely exonerated, and many will hear this with great satisfaction. He was known to nearly every old citizen in the State. To have found that two such men as we beliored Mr. Fraker and Mr. Mead to have been, were bad, would have been more than human nature could bear, Perhaps we write too freely, but our associations with both men have so intimate that we feel deepen ly." The truth is, Mr. Mead for years has had a large business and varied Interests to look after and knew very little of the bank or its affairs, other than what Mr. Fraker from time to time told him. How be has suffered in the collapse is known to none so well as to himself.


Article from The Wichita City Eagle, January 9, 1879

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

The answer to the question of "How are your banks for solidity and soundness?" tells the whole story of any community's prosperity or failure. Wichita never experienced but one bank failure, and that was directly traceable to the panic that swept from existence thousands of such institutions. The building of the First National, which cost, exclusive of fixtures, $12,000, is now owned by the county and occupied by her officers, a cut of which will be found elsewhere. ### THE FIRST ARKANSAS VALLEY BANK The oldest monetary institution in this valley, was established by W. C. Woodman, Esq., in 1870, in connection with his son, W. S. Woodman. Mr. Woodman, as a financier and successful commercial man, enjoys more than a local reputation, having by his able articles and essays done no little in molding the financial policy of the Government during the rebellion and having since addressed the Congress and boards of trade of many cities upon that subject. His institution here has done an immense business in foreign and domestic loans, involving vast real estate operations, only second to those of railroads in the west. In addition to the banking business proper, he is the owner of a very large amount of real estate in both city and county, having built, among others, the finest store or commercial room west of the Missouri river, which adjoins his bank on Main street. His home, "Lake Side," on the bank of the Little river, north of town, is a romantic spot, a picture of which will be found elsewhere. Mr. W. is a thorough, energetic and wide-awake business man, possessing, in addition, large social qualities whihe secure him an unmeasured influence. W. S. Woodman, the cashier of the Valley Bank, is a gentleman of fine culture and an artist. Wallace T. Woodman, another son, is the bookkeeper whose pleasant home is situated in the southern part of the city. ### THE WICHITA SAVINGS BANK The WICHITA SAVINGS BANK was established in the spring of '72, since which time it has occupied the corner building of the Eagle Block, and with the EAGLE, which was established the same month, has sailed through every storm, and it is conceded to be one of the soundest and strongest banks in the west, with an unlimited credit in all the large commercial cities. The men that took the helm at the start still holds it, and Mr. Sol H. Kohn, its president, has demonstrated that as a financial expert he has few equals. So far as the directory, or patrons, or the world knows he has never made a single mistake or erred in judgment. The panic of '73 and the one of last year did not create a ripple in the affairs of the Wichita Savings Bank. The confidence of the people has been so great ir its management, and the consequent deposits so large that no interest has been allowed on deposits for nearly a year. Mr. A. A. Hyde, the cashier, was originally from Massachusetts. He is Mr. Kohn's equal in many respects. As a judge of securities, his acceptance or rejection of paper settles many a business man's credit. Mr. Hyde paid the first cheak that ever passed over the Savings' counter, and if he should fail to be in his place for a single day it would be the town talk. Large brained and generous of soul the hundred thousand capital stock nor the greater sum of average deposits will ever suffer so long as he fills his present place. The other attaches of the bank are H. T. Kramer and C. A. Walker bookkeepers. Board of directors, Charles Schattner, Samuel Levy, Moris Kohn, M. W. Levy, A. A. Hyde and Sol H. Kohn. ### THE FARMERS' AND MERCHANTS' BANK The FARMERS' AND MERCHANTS' BANK, the youngest institution of the character in the city, was established by H. W. Lewis in 1876, as a private bank, but the following year its capital was increased to $100,000 and it was incorporated as a State institution, under charter, with a fuli set of officers and a board of directors. The banking house situated on Main street, is of solid cut stone from the heavy projecting cornice and artistic window and door frames to foundation sills, a picture of which heads this article. Colonel Lewis, the president of the Farmers' and Merchants' was formerly of Tiffin, Ohio, and when he came to Wichita did not depend upon organizing men of capital, but brought of his own abundant means sufficient to put his bank on the firmest of foundations. From the first hour of its incorporation it has moved along without a reverse, increasing in business and reaching out in its influence until its stability has become a recognized fact throughout this section. As a business man Colonel Lewis is cool and sagacious, possessing indomitable energy and all those elements that mean success, when combined in their possessor. Mr. George C. Strong, the cashier of the above growing institution, is a young man of fine business qualifications and splendid social parts, consequently is very popular-deservedly so his many friends will aver. The directors of the above bank number many of our best men, as Amos L. Houck, Thomas H. Lynch, W. S. Corbett, George C. Strong and H. W. Lewis.


Article from The Wichita Daily Eagle, October 18, 1903

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

Al Thomas moved his grocery from the Occidental, now Baltimore, to the buildIng on the corner of Market and Douglas. Allen and Tucker moved their place from Main street to the present location of the National Bank of Commerce. Hess and Getto moved from the corner of Main to Greenfields. Deter and Kaiser moved their barber shop. Joe Allen moved from First and Main to Roy Allen's present location. George Mathews moved to the room now used by the Tornado store. Charles Hill moved to the brick store now occupied by Stanford's drug store. Sam Houck moved from North Main to the present Houck hardware store. Tow Jewel moved to Tom Johnson's barber shop. Sluss. Hatton, Stanley. Wall, Balderson. Adams, English, all attorneys, moved to Douglias avenue. Allen, Fabrique, Furley and McAdams, all doctors. moved to Douglas avenue. During these years the First National Bank failed and as a consequence thereof, the officers were indicted by the United States grand jury. They were technically guilty of violation of the national banking act and were found guilty, but were thereafter pardoned. They returned to Wichita, but their influence. as men, was over. No one partieularly blamed them for the failure of the bank. The paper they had taken in became worthless by reason of the panic of 1873, caused by J. Cook and Henry Villard's failure But when all these things came to pass, the back-bone of Main street was broken. Its dream of being the business street of Wichita was over and it is now considered on all sides that the dream of Main street as the business street of Wichita was over forever. In this connection it might be remarked that the first law office on Douglas avenue was Harris & Harris. over the street car office, at 193 West Douglas avenue. unless Bully Parsons is counted, who had no books and stayed in the card-room of Lew Dittman's saloon in the old building. that has been replaced by the Royal on West Douglas avenue. Bully played "rounce" and the "devil" among the tallors with Greiffenstein. Colonel McClure, Jim Steele and James McCulloch and others, if business was dull and sometimes when business was not dull. This may seem a digression from Wichita's history to a purely Douglas avenue write-up, but these days were SO imbedded in my mind, being a young and impressionable boy, that the Clan Douglas avenue won me over and I was loyal to Douglas avenue unto this day. The ends aimed at in these days were success and the glorification of Douglas avenue; hence my views of Wichita are full of Douglas avenue prejudice and blas. Greiffenstein loved his f riends and though he was not a demonstrative man, he hated his enemies. Dr. Johnson said unless a man was a good hater, he was not worthy of confidence. Tested by this rule, Greiffenstein was worthy of absolute confidence, if he believed a man had purposely given him an insult or done him an injury. Greiffenstein was a Soclalist in Germany. He left college as a refugee in 1848. some time about the time that Charles Schurz and Joseph Pulitzer (New York World man) left the old country. Greiffenstein believed in liberty under law and also some liberty in deflance of law. His views of the prohibitory liquor law were so pronounced and are so well known that no comment is necessary. He came here on the prairle. established a trading post. lived in the open, helped to found the town and the idea that a lot of puritanical phàrisees should move in and control the town. founded by him and prohibit the use of beer. was as abhorrent to his felings as a law. today would be. prohibiting the use of coffee and tobacco. Greiffenste n was not a snob nor an aristocrat. He was plain. simple and honest in all his dealings. I have no recollection of his ever wearing a collar or having his vest buttoned up. I do not say he never did. but I say that in daily association with him for years. 1 never observed that fact. He was not as old a man as he looked. with his gray hair and whiskers. He said to me one day. "Call me Bill I do not like to be called Mister. Greiffenstein was Bill to his friends. always William to his wife and he was Old Bill, "Sore-Eyed Bill," Dutch Bill and the "Douglas Avenue Dutehman" to the north end. He always rubbed and blinked his snow-blinded eyes, having been struck snow-blind in 1867 or 1868, wandering over the prairies, when he lost his bearings. He smoked cigars, but he loved his pipe and with that pipe in h's hand held by Its long stem. he smoked and the curling smoke ascended to the clouds and after a time he gave an opinion. He was an oracie to his followers. He was Bismarck in the Dougias avenue fight. Jim Steele was Van Moltke N A. English was the crown prince and everything from the north line of Douglas avenue to the Big River on the south were trained armies to do his bidding He was an iron gray town building wizard. It may be that destiny located Wichita, and Colonel Murdock has often said, but It was Greiffenstein that made Douglas avenue There are those that belittle his life and deeds, but the face remains that be built Eagle block on the bare prairie and afterwards built Douglas avenue hotel and that except English and Steele, all the population of Wichita was north of Douglas avenue. The north end bought his lots and moved on the avenue after a most determined effort to locate the depot somewhere north of Douglas avenue on Santa Fe avenue. Some near or distant day Greinenstein will have a monument in Wichita and in my judgmena. of the pionects of Wich ita He will be the only one. because he is the only man who has impressed his individuality upon the minds of Wichita: thers may have some claims, but they