gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
11e12ac09ec0a51a
Response Measures
None
Description
State comptroller ordered the Citizens Bank not to open after anonymous 'Hiram' notes; articles state it was expected to reopen about March 15.
Events (3)
1.February 6, 1928Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Circulation of anonymous letters signed 'Hiram' attacking Southern Bank & Trust led depositors to withdraw from Citizens Bank.
Measures
State Comptroller Ernest Amos ordered the Citizens Bank not to open and the State Banking Department took control; federal reserve cash sent to Miami to reassure depositors.
Newspaper Excerpt
When the Southern Bank & Trust Company failed to open its doors there were runs on the Citizens' Bank of Miami and the Bank of Allapattah.
Source
newspapers
2.February 6, 1928Suspension
Cause
Government Action
Cause Details
State Comptroller Ernest Amos ordered the Citizens Bank closed (taken over by state banking department) pending stabilization to prevent disastrous runs.
Newspaper Excerpt
Mr. Amos ordered the other institutions not to open for business in the belief that they were not in financial position to withstand large withdrawals.
Source
newspapers
3.March 15, 1928Reopening
Newspaper Excerpt
The Southern Bank probably will be re-opened about March 15; all three institutions were taken over by the State Banking Department and the Southern Bank probably will be reopened about March 15.
Source
newspapers
Newspaper Articles (23)
1.February 6, 1928Fulton Daily Sun-GazetteFulton, MO
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THREE BANKS FAIL TO OPEN
Miami, Fla., Feb. 6-Three banks in Miami failed to open for business today. They were: The Southern Bank and Trust Company The Citizens' Bank and the Bank of Allapattah. The Southern Bank and Trust Co., requested Comptroller Amos to assume charge of its affairs pending strengthening of its finances, following a heavy withdrawal of deposits caused by circulation of an anonymous letter predicting its failure. Miami, Fla., Feb. 6-Seven million dollars in cash will be sent to the First National Bank here by the Federal Reserve Bank in Jacksonville, by airplane and train to pay all depositors who wish to withdraw their money, officials of the institution said, following an orderly run on the bank growing out of the temporary closing of three other banks this morning.
RUNDEVELOPS AT RTH AS RUMOR FLIES First National Lobby Is Able to Accommodate Throngs In Early Hours MIAMI, Fla., Feb. 6.-(AP)-A determined run on the First National bank began during the noon hour today following the failure of three other Miami financial institutions to open for business today. The bank's large lobby accommodated all who sought to gain admittance up to 12:30. Other large banks reported normal business conditions. Officers of the First National bank mingled with the crowd in the lobby and could not be reached immediately for a statement. The bank's regular closing time was 2 p. m. The banks which closed were the Southern Bank and Trust company, the Citizens bank and the Bank of Allapattah. The Southern Bank and Trust company requested Comptroller Amos to assume charge of its affairs pending strengthening of finances, following heavy withdrawals of deposits caused by circulation of anonymous letters predicting its failure. Mr. Amos ordered the other institutions not to open for business in the belief that they were not in financial . position to withstand large withdrawals which might result from excitement incident to the closing of the Southern Bank and Trust company. Under normal conditions they could operate, he said, adding that (Continued on page two)
START RUN ON BANK
Three Miami Institutions Are Of Them Not Yet In Danger
MIAMI, Fla., Feb. termined run was started noon day on the First National bank Miami failure open this three other financial institutions. Circulation of anonymous letters held for the voluntary closing the Southern Bank Trust this morning. Later the Citizens bank the of pattah closed by Comptroller Adams.
Letter Predicts Failure The Southern asked Adams to charge affairs because the letters predicting its failure. expected reopen March Mr. Amos the other institunot open in the belief that not in financial position withstand which incident closing of the Co. There sign either place. President Lummus Trust said demands for cash during the few days had been caused by letters written depositors advising them "quietly get your money the Southern bank Lobby Is Crowded The First National's large lobby accommodated all to gain Officers mingled with the crowd the lobby and could not be reached statement. The regular closing time
4.February 6, 1928Norfolk Daily NewsNorfolk, NE
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Article Text
ACTION CLOSING THREE OTHER MIAMI
Miami, million dollars cash the First National bank Federal Reserve bank branch Jacksonville by airplane and all depositors who withdraw their funds, officials local institution announced afternoon following orderly bank growing out closing of three other local cial institutions morning. The three banks that open for business today Southern Bank and Trust pany, the Citizens bank, and Bank of The Bank and Trust company requested Comptroller Amos assume charge of its fairs pending nances, following heavy withdraw. deposits caused circulation of anonymous leters predicting failure. President Lummus bank said that "large demands during the last days been caused letters writen to depositors and them to "quietly your money the The letters, said, were sign "Hiram" bore crudely drawn Masonic Police are seeking to trace sender. President Lummus said that deposits in funds were fully protected.
MILLIONS TO BE SENT TO MEET EMERGENCY
Anonymous Letters Predicting Failure Of Institutions Are Blamed
Seven million dollars in cash will be sent to the First National bank by the Federal Reserve bank branch in Jacksonville by airplane and train to pay all depositors who wish to withdraw their funds officials of the local institution announced this afternoon, following an orderly run on the bank growing out of the closing of three other financial institutions here this morning.
MIAMI. Fla. Feb. determined run on the First National bank began during the noon hour today following the failure of three other Miami financial institutions to open for business today. The bank's large lobby accommodated all who sought to gain admittance up to 12:30. Other large banks reported normal business conditions. niingled with the crowd in the lobby and could not be reached immediately for statement. The bank's regular closing time was 2 p. m. Three Closed. The banks which closed, the Southern Bank and Trust company, the Citizens bank and the Bank of Allapattah. The Southern Bank and Trust company requested Comptroller Amos to assume charge of its affairs pending strengthening of 1nances, following heavy withdrawals of deposits caused by circulation of anonymous letters predicting its failure. Mr. Amos ordered the other institutions not to open for business in the belief that they were not in financial position to withstand large withdrawals which might result from incident to the closing of the Southern Bank and Trust Under normal conditions they could operate, he said, adding that there had been no sign of a run at either place. Urged by Officials. In that the Southern Bank and Trust company had suspended but would reopen March 15. and that the state comptroller had taken charge at the request of its officials. President Lummus said in statement that "large demands for cash during the last days had been caused by letters written to depositors and advising them to quietly get your money out of the Southern bank. The letters, he said. were signed "Hiram," and bore crudely drawn Masonic emblem. They were mailed (Turn to page 11. Col. Please.)
6.February 6, 1928Biddeford-Saco JournalBiddeford, ME
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Article Text
TAKES CONTROL MIAMI BANKS
Runs Follow Heavy Anonymous Letter Circulation.
Miami, Fla., Feb. Miami banks failed to open for business today. They were the Southern Bank and Trust company, the Citizens bank and the The Southern Bank and Trust company requested comptroller Amos assume charge of its affairs strengthening of finances, following heavy withdrawals of posits caused by circulation anonymous letters predicting its failure. Mr. Amos ordered the other institutions to open in the belief that they not in financial withdrawals which might result from excitement cident to the closing the Southern Bank and Trust company. Under normal they could operate, he said, adding there had been either place. that the Southern Bank and Trust company had suspended would re-onen and that the state compMarch had the troller its President said in public "large demands for cash during that (Continued on Page Two.)
7.February 6, 1928Pawhuska Journal-CapitalPawhuska, OK
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MIAMI BANKS FAIL TO OPEN FOR BUSINESS
Heavy Run on Fourth Bank Bank Made by Anxious Customers Before Noon
ORDERED CLOSED
Three Banks in Failing Condition are Ordered Not to Open Doors to Public
MIAMI, Fla., Feb. determined run on the First National bank began during the noon hour today following the failure of three other Miami financial institutions to open for business today. The bank's large dated all who sought to gain admittance up to 12:30. Officers of the First National bank mingled with the crowd in the lobby and could not be reached immediatefor statement. The bank's regular closing time was MIAMI, Fla., Feb. 6. Miami banks failed to open for business today. They were the Southern bank and Trust company, the Citizens Bank and the Bank of Allapattah. The Southern Bank Trust company requested Comptroller Amos to assume charge of its affairs pending strengthening of finances, following heavy withdrawals of deposits by circulation of anonymous letters predicting its failure. Mr. Amos ordered the other institutions not to open in the belief that they were not in financial position to withstand large withdrawals which might result from excitement incident to the closing of the Southern Bank & Trust company. Under normal conditions they could operate, he said, adding that had been no sign
8.February 7, 1928Republican and HeraldPottsville, PA
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Article Text
MONEY TAKEN TO MIAMI TO SAVE BANKS
Miami, Fla., Feb. 7. (U.P.) More than $5,000,000 in cash was being brought into Miami today to assure depositors of the First National Bank of the security of that institution after three other banks closed their doors yesterday. There were slight runs on the First National Bank yesterday, after the other banks had closed following heavy runs, but were not serious. One million five hundred thousand dollars was brought in by airplane from Jacksonville Federal Reserve Bank yesterday and the additional $5,500,000 was being brought by train today. The three banks that closed yes. terday blamed the runs on anonymous notes sent to depositors attacking the safety of the Southern Bank and Trust Company. The notes were signed "Hiram," and authorities today searched for the man responsible for the notes. When the Southern Bank and Trust Company failed to open its doors there were runs on the Citizens' Bank of Miami and the Bank of Allapattah. J. E. Lummus, president of the said his bank was closed after the notes had been circulated and he thought it better to place the insti tution in the hands of Ernest Amon, State Comptroller of Banks, rather than face run which probably would be disastrous. The Southern Bank and Trust was capitalized at $100,000 and last Saturday night had deposits of $5,138,112.11. The Citizens' Bank of Miami also was capitalized at $100,000, while its deposits totalled $149,480, and the Bank of Allapattah had capital stock of $15,000 and estimated deposits of $110,000.
9.February 7, 1928Napa JournalNapa, CA
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Article Text
AIRPLANE USED
TO RUSH FUNDS TO RELIEVE SITUATION
Citizens Wage Run on Banks; Money Coming From Jacksonville to Reassure Depositors
MIAMI, Fla., Feb. 6 (UP).-A million and a half dollars in cash was being rushed to Miami by airplane today to relieve a tense situation which developed when three banks closed this morning. Failure of the Southern Bank & Trust Company, one of the largest in the state, to open for business caused runs on the Citizens Bank of Mami, and the Bank of Allapatiah which forced them to close a few hours later.
The money was being brought by plane to the First National Bank of Miami from the Jacksonville Branch of the Sixth District Federal Reserve Bank. The First National Bank of Miami suffered slight runs when the three banks closed and the money was being brought here to reassure depositors. E. C. Rofh, President of the First National, said his institution had felt no III effects from the situation.
Rofh said he was expecting another $5,500,000 to arrive by train Tuesday morning. The First National Bank had on hand $1,750,000 in cash this morning, and Rofh said that the two shipments enroute here will enable it to continue business easily.
J. E. Lummus, President of the Southern Bank & Trust Company. said circulation of anonymous letters attacking his bank had caused an unexpected run on the institution which resulted in its failure to open. Ernest Amos, State Comptroller, took charge of the Southern Bank & Trust Company. Amos claimed its failure to open had caused runs on the Citizens Bank of Allapattah. which they were not able to withstand.
5,000 DAILY JOURNAL READERS
Venerable and Beloved Pioneer of Napa County's Demise Comes After More Than 50 Years' Residence Here
After having been a resident in Napa County for more than 50 years, during which she built around her during which time she built around her a host of admiring and loving friends, Mrs. Anna Dollarhide, a most prominent resident of this community. was taken by death at the family home on Pine street following an illness of but a week's duration, at 11:15 o'clock last night. \ woman of highest character, kindly and generous. the news of her sudden death will come with a shocking suddeness to the many friends of herself and family throughout the Napa Valley. Mrs. Dollarhide was born in Mis. souri, July 26. 1851. When but 15 months old she journeyed to Oregon where she resided for but few years before coming to Napa County, having first establ'shed her residence in Pope Valley. Deceased was the widow of the late A. J. Dollarhide. who passed away in 1894. himself a man of great prominence in this community. Left to mourn her loss are two daughters. Miss Winefred Dollarhide, of Napa. and Mrs. Herbert Whitton of Santa Rosa: one son. Deputy County Clerk R. A. Dollarhide of Napa: two sisters. Mrs. Rosella Bowen of Alhambra, and Miss Genelle Boothe of Los Angeles: and one brother. C. A. Boothe of Hollywood. The remains are at the Webber Funeral Parlors. The time for the funeral services has not been arranged as yet and will be announced later.
10.February 7, 1928Petaluma Daily Morning CourierPetaluma, CA
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Lindbergh Is In Haiti
MILLION SENT "LONE EAGLE" TO SAVE TWO NEARS FINISH OTHER BANKS OF GOOD WILL FROM FAILURE TOUR AT HAITI
Failure Of Southern Bank
& Trust Co. One of The
Largest In State, Causes
Disastrous Runs On
Frenzied Enthusiastic
Crowd, Composed Of Wondering Half Naked
Banks Of Miami And Al-
Natives Greets Lindy At lapattah.
Port Au Prince.
Circulation Of Anonymous
Lindbergh's Flight To Port
Letters Attacking S. B.
& T. Caused An Unexpected Run On The Institution, President Lum-
Au Prince Was His Last
But One On His Good Will Tour To Pan
American Parley. mus Claims.
(By United Press)
MIAMI, Fla., Feb. million and a half dollars in cash was being rushed to Miami by airplane today to relieve a tense situation which developed when three banks closed this morning Failure of the Southern Bank & Trust Co., one of the largest in the state, to open for business caused runs on the Citizens Bank of Miami and the Bank of Allapattah which forced them to close a few hours later. The money was being brought by plane to the First National Bank of Miami from the Jacksonville branch of the Sixth Distriet Federal Reserve bank. The First National Bank of Miami suffered slight runs when the three banks closed and the money was being brought here to reassure depositors. E. C. Rofh. president of the First National, said his institution had felt no ill effects from the situation. Rofh said he was expecting another $5,500,000 to arrive by train Tuesday morning. The First National Bank had on hand $1,750,000 in cash this morning. and Rofh haid that the two shipments en route here will enable it to continue business easily.
J. E. Lummus. president of the Southern Bank and Trust Co., said circulation of annonymous letters attacking his bank had caused an unexpected run on the institution which resulted in its failure to open. Ernest Amos, state comptroller, took charge of the Southern Bank and Trust Company. Amos claimed its failure to open had caused runs on the Citizens Bank and the Bank of Allapattah. which they were not able to withstand.
PORT AU PRINCE Haiti, Feb. Chas. A Lindbergh landed at the S. marine flying field here at 1:51 p. m. today his last intermediate stopping place on his good will tour toward the Pan-American conference at Havana A frenziedly enthusiastic crowd. the most incongruous of his long flight. awaited the fliers. American marines in occupation here. mingled with officials and wondering natives from the interior-some of them from districts where the dread secret voodoo magic is not only believed in but practiced.
11.February 7, 1928The Evening NewsHarrisburg, PA
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TO MIAMI WHEN 3 BANKS CLOSE
United
MIAMI, Florida, Feb. than $5,000,000 was being brought into Miami today to assure depositors of the First National Bank of the security of that institution after three other banks closed their doors yesterday. There were slight runs on the First National Bank yesterday, ter the other banks had closed lowing heavy runs, but they were not serious. One million five hundred thousand dollars was brought my airplane from Jacksonville Federal Reserve Bank yesterday and the additional $5,500,000 was being brought by train today. The three banks that closed yesterday the runs on anonymous notes sent. to attacking the safety of the Southern Bank Trust Company. The notes were signed "Hiram' and authorities today searched for the man responsible for the notes. Other Runs Start When Southern Bank Trust Company failed to open doors there runs on the Citizens Bank of Miami and the Bank of Allapattah.
MILLIONS POUR INTO BANK FOR SHAKY PATRONS
Miami, Fla., Feb. than $5. 000,000 in cash was being brought into Miami today to assure depositors of the First National Bank of the se curity of that Institution after three other banks closed their doors yesterday. There was slight runs on the First National bank yesterday after the oth es banks had closed following heavy runs, but they were not serious. One million five hundred thousand dollars was brought by airplane from the Jacksonville Federal Reserve bank yesterday and the additional $5000, 000 was being brought by train today. The three banks that closed yesterday blamed the runs on anonymous notes sent to depositors attacking the safety the Southern Bank and Trust company. The notes were signed "Hiram" and authorities today searched for the man responsible for the notes. When the Southern Bank and Trust company failed to open its doors there weer runs on the Citizens' Bank of Miami and the Bank of Allapatta.
13.February 7, 1928The Springfield News-LeaderSpringfield, MO
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POISON BANK
One Florida Institution Fails, Two Others Temporarily Close, With Run on Fourth
MIAMI, Fla., Feb. letters predicting the Anonymous failure of one bank caused that stitution to suspend business here today, resulted indirectly in the temporary closing of two brought about run on fourth which called for from the Federal Reserve Branch bank in Jacksonville to bolster its cash reThe run, determined but orderly, started on First National bank following announcement that Ernest Amos, state comptroller. had taken of the affairs the Southern Bank and Trust company and ordered the Citizens bank the Bank of Allapattah temporarily closed.
APPEALS FOR COOLNESS
Explaining he had taken control at the Bank and Trust company at the of its officials because of caused by the circulation of the anonymous letters, Amos said he ordered the other two banks closed through fear they might not be able to weather possible He made plea for cool and collected public spirit," declaring that the banks would have been able to reopen under normal Meanwhile the was felt in an quarter when quietly was begun at the the run First National. Until closing time the tellers rapidly handing out money to every depositor demanding while officials of the institution mingled with the crowd to spread At no time was the lobby of the bank, holding about 250 persons, crowded beyond its capacity.
14.February 7, 1928The Modesto BeeModesto, CA
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PLANE RUSHES MILLION AND HALF DOLLARS TO FLORIDA
Money Being Sent South To Reassure Depositors, Says Official
BANK FAILURE CAUSES RUN ON TWO OTHERS
Circulation of Anonymous Letters Blamed For Act, By President
(By The United Press) MIAMI. Feb. million dollars cash was ing rushed Miami airplane to-day tense situation when three banks closed this Failure the Southern Bank and Trust one the the state, to open for runs on the Citizens Bank of Miami and the Bank of Allapattah which forced them close hours later. Run On Banks The money being brought plane the First National Bank of Miami from the Jackson. ville branch of the sixth district federal reserve bank. The First National Bank of Miami suffered slight runs when the closed the money was being brought here depospresident of the First National, said his had felt no effects from situation. Romfh said he was expecting another arrive by train morning. The National Bank had hand $1. in cash this morning. and Romfh that the two shipments route here will enable continue Laid To Attack Lummus. president of the Southern Bank Trust company, said circulation of anonyletters attacking his bank had caused an unexpected run on institution which resulted in its failure to open Police Hunt Sender The letters. he said, were signed "Hiram," and bore crudely emblem. They were mail Saturday January 28 in Miami. but Lummus was unable to estimate their number. more ac curately than that there were "more than dozen Some were sent persons who were police are seeking to trace the sender. President Lummus said the deposits open accounts and trust funds were fully protected Ernest Amos, state comptroller, took charge the Southern Bank and Trust company Amos claimed failure open had caused runs the Citizens Bank and the Bank Allapattah which they not able to withstand
15.February 7, 1928The Buffalo NewsBuffalo, NY
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BEING RUSHED BANKS
$1,500,000 En Route There by Plane Relief of Tense Situation.
MIAMI Fla Feb million in to relieve which veloped closed this morning Failure the Trust of the largest in open business caused runs on the Citizens Bank Miami and the Bank forcing them close was brought by to the First National Bank Miami Jacksonville branch Sixth National Bank Miami suffered slight runs the banks closed and the money being brought reassure positors president of the First National his institution had felt the situation no expecting another Tuesday morning. The had said and the two en will enable continue business president of the and Trust said letters attacking his bank had caused an expected on the which resulted failure open Ernest state took charge the Southern and Trust company Amos claimed failure open had caused on the bank and the Bank Allapattah which they not to withstand
UP. LOCKPORT Feb -Stanley Reed, planned start see the that age, got was picked up the street Monday William Nugent and sent to his home.
Anonymous Note Starts Big Run On Miami Bank
Failure of One Institution Followed by Officials Closing 2 More Only Temporary
First National Gets $7,000,000 to Meet Withdrawals
Fla., the failure letters caused that bank rebusiness suspend closing of in the temporary sulted brought about and two for which called fourth Federal Refrom the JacksonBranch Bank its cash reserves. to bolster but orderdetermined The the First at noon started following National Ernest State Comptroller of the taken charge had Bank and Southern fairs of ordered the Company and Trust the Bank Citizens Bank closed. Allapattah conBank the request Company at of withdrawals officials because of the the circulation caused by anonymous other He through fear two banks weather be able might not they the out of growing He made the Southern. closing of collected and for that the declaring public able would have banks normal conunder remain open reverberation the unexpected felt the run quietly ter when Until First National. the rapidthe tellers time to every while mingled cials spread the crowd the lobby no time two the crowdOfficials day began that the cash and that during the was paid out $350,000 day
BANK CLOSED WHEN THE event the announced that, in cials renewed run than would more deand would cash mand. that the bringing would be sent rest by train. No other Jacksonville banks in the city were affected. president of the attributed Chamber of outside situation not any the institutions fault He said the territory. in the situwould tonight. the were the anonywhich some mous signed simply stances decorated which were with crudely drawn Saturday, January Mailed addressed in in the and Trust ComSouthern "Quietly get your money out Trust of Southern Bank the It soon," although they of the letters on Page Eight) Continued
17.February 7, 1928The Klamath NewsKlamath Falls, OR
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Rush Gold South By Plane To Aid Distressed Banks
MIAMI, Fla., Feb. 6. (UP) A million and a half dollars in cash was being rushed to Miami by airplane today to relieve a tense situation which developed when three banks closed this morning. Failure of the Southern Bank and Trust Company, one of the largest in the state. to open for business caused runs on the eitizens bank of Miami and the Bank of Allapattah which forced them to close a few hours later. The money was being brought by plane to the First National Bank of Miami from the Jacksonville branch of the Sixth district Federal Reserve bank. The First National bank of Miami suffered slight runs when the three banks closed and the money was being brought here to reassure depositors. E. Rofh, president of the First National, said his institution had felt no ill effects from the situation. Rofh said he was expecting another $5,500,000 to arrive by train Tuesday morning. The First National bank had on hand $1.750 in cash this morning. and Rofh said that the two shipments enroute here will enable it to continue business easily. Letters Responsible J. E. Lummus, president of the Southern Bank and Trust Company. said circulation of anonymous letters attacking his bank has caused an unexepected run on the institution which resulted in its failure to open. Ernest Amos, state comptroller. took-charge of the Southern Bank and Trust Company. Amos claimed its failure to open had caused runs on the Citizens bank and the Bank of Allapattah, which they were not able to withstand.
MIAMI POLICE HUNTING MYSTERIOUS NOTE WRITER Believe Anonymous Notes Caused Run or Bank-Situation is Easter Miami, Fla., Feb 2 (UP)-As police sought the mysterious note writer, who warned against depositing money in several Miami banks and thereby caused runs that forced them to close. other banks today reporte1 the tense financial situation had eased There were some withdrawals from the Bank of Biscayne but officials said that those were by "penny savers with small accounts and that their reserve was in excellent shape Officials of the First National Bank-who had more than six million dollars brought in from the federal reserve bank at Jacksonville --said their accounts were in excellent shape They said the crowd in the lobby yesterday was no greater than at any other day of a midseason rush and there probably would be no need of the additional cash brought in The Southern Bank and Trust Company had closed Monday after notes signed "Hiram" had been passed around. warning of the bank's condition. Runs forced the Citizens Bank of Miami and the Bank of Allapattah to close All three institutions were taken over by the state banking department and the Southern Bank probably will be re-opened about March 15. State examiners said the Citizens Bank and the Bank of Allapattah were in good shape but in no condition to stand a run
19.February 8, 1928Republican and HeraldPottsville, PA
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THE FINANCIAL SCARE AT MIAMI HAS EASED UP
Miami, Fla., Feb. 8. (U.P)-As police sought the mysterious note writer who warned against depositing money in several Miami banks and thereby caused runs that forced three to close other banks today reported the tense financial situation had eased. There were some withdrawals from the Bank of Biscayne, but officials said these were by "penny savers with small accounts" and that their reserve was in excell nt shape Officials of the First National Bank had more than six million dollars brought in from the Federal Reserve Bank at Jaeksonville-said their accounts were in excellent shape They said the crowd in the lobby yes. terday was no greater than at any other day of mid-season rush and there probably would be no need of the additional cash brought in. The Southern Bank and Trust Company had closed Monday after notes signed "Hiram" had been passed around. warning of the bank's condition Runs forced the Citizens Bank of Miami and the Bank of Allapattah to All three institutions were taken over by the State Banking Department and the Southern Bank probably will be reopened about March 15. The State Examiners said the Citizens Bank and the Bank of Allapattah were in good shape, but in no condition to stand run.
20.February 8, 1928The Brooklyn CitizenBrooklyn, NY
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RESERVES OF MIAMI BANKS EASE TENSION
Three Banks Forced to Close by Sudden Run Will Reopen
MIAMI, Fla., Feb. 8 (United Prese). police sought the mysterious note writer, who warned against depositing money in several Miami banks and thereby caused runs that forced three to close, other banks to-day reported the tense financial situation had eased. There were some withdrawals from the Bank of Biscayne but officials said that these were by "penny savers with small accounts and that their reserve was in excellent shape. Officials of the First National Bank who had more than six million dollars brought in from the Federal Reserve Bank at Jacksonville-sa their ac counts were in excellent shape They said the crowd in the lobby yesterday was no greater than at any other day of a mid-season rush and there probably would be no need of the additional cash brought in. The Southern Bank and Trust Com pany had closed Monday after notes signed "Hiram" had been passed around. warning of the bank's condition. Runs forced the Citizens' Bank of Miami and the Bank of Allapattah to close. All three institutions were taken over by the State Benking Department. and the Southern Bank probably will be 10. opened about March 15. State exam iners said the Citizens' Bank and the Bank of Allapattah were in good shape. but in no condition to stand a run.
21.February 8, 1928The Brooklyn Daily TimesBrooklyn, NY
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BANKS IN FLORIDA WEATHER CRISIS
Police Seek Man Wrote Notes Closed Three Institutions.
Miami. Fla., Feb. police sought the mysterlous writer. warned against depositing money in several Miami banks and thereby caused runs that forced them close. other banks today ported tense financial situation had eased There were some withdrawals Bank but ficials said these were "penny and that their reserve in excelshape Officials the First National Bank had more than from Federal their accounts were in excellent The Southern Bank and Trust Company had closed Monday after notes signed "Hiram, had been passed around, warning the condition. Runs forced Citizens Bank Miami Bank Allapattah to close.
BANKS
Heavy Runs Which Caused Temporary Suspension of Three Subsides
Fla., Complete confidence local bank: apparently was restored today lowing flurry excitement cident to temporary closing yesterday three the city's smaller financial attributed to circulation of anonymous Runs which began on several the larger noon day started subside during forenoon then died out gether By the orderly, ing lines depositors seeking withdraw their funds had disappeared, and million dollars the Federal Reserve brought from Bank to meet possibe continued heavy today was from several of the Reports fected banks the close of businoted increases in ness officials mean which that cash withdrawn during the excitement gradually was finding its way back banks time today were the lines depositors nearly long those during the height the rush yesterday
Wears Out "The thing wore itself out somebetween and 12 time said Romfh, president National Bank, which the First attracted the most determined run. "By closing time was just like other day. We've even quit any talking about now. From now limit ourselves to saying with James Gilman, president the Bank of Bay (Biscayne, the largest the city declared that the latter part of the business day nothing unusual, adding that feel was merely tem and that it done porary flurry These two institutions generally credited in financial circles with being among the strongest the Meanwhile, all three of the banks that were closed temporarily announced that plans progress for early re-opening, with State Comptroller Ernest Amos that none would have reiterating suspend had not been forced to been for anonymous letters writer of which still sought the the police. They are the Southern Bank and Trust Company, which suspended business after heavy withdrawals due circulation of the letters its failure, and the predicting Citizens Bank and the Bank Allapattah, which were ordered closed he comptroller because by fear that they might be position to possible heavy withdrawals due to the Southern suspension.
23.February 8, 1928The Record AmericanMahanoy City, PA
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SEEK NOTE WRITER WHO CLOSED BANKS lion dollars brought in from the Miami, Fla., Feb. 8 (U. P.)-As Federal Reserve Bank at Jacksonpolice sought the mysterious note ville-said their accounts were in writer who warned against depositexcellent shape They said the ing money in several Miami banks crowd in the lobby yesterday was and thereby caused runs that forcno greater than at any other day ed three to close. other banks toof a mid-season rush and there day reported the tense financial probably would be no need of the situation had eased. additional cash brought in There were some withdrawals The Southern Bank and Trust from the Bank of Biscayne but ofCompany had closed Monday after ficials said these were by "penny savers with small accounts" and that their reserve was in excellent Officials of the First National Bank who had more than six mil- notes signed "Hiram" had been passed around, warning of the bank's condition. Runs forced the Citizens Bank of Miami and the Bank of Allapattah to close. All three institutions were taken over by the State Banking Department and the Southern Bank probably will be reopened about March 15 State examiners said the Citizens Bank and the Bank of Allapattah were in good shape but in no condition ot stand a run.
Read the Record-American.
Bank runs are almost always and everywhere a deterioration of bank fundamentals.
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