Bank of Freeport (Freeport, OH)

Episode Information

Episode UID
56095871121
Episode Type
Suspension → Closure
Bank Type
private
Bank ID
5609587 routing
Routing Number
56-0958
Start Date
May 13, 1893
Location
Freeport, Ohio (40.211, -81.266)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
784db726385eb60c

Response Measures

None

Description

Multiple articles state the Bank of Freeport (a private bank) was ordered closed by Paris & Nave after the Columbia National failure.

Events (1)
1. May 13, 1893 Suspension
Cause
Correspondent
Cause Details
Paris & Nave ordered the private banks they controlled, including Bank of Freeport, to suspend following reports of the Columbia National Bank failure in Chicago.
Newspaper Excerpt
The banks ordered to close by Paris & Nave of Indianapolis, include the Bank of New Orleans, Bank of Rossville, Bank of Freeport, Ohio
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (7)
1. May 13, 1893 Evening Journal Wilmington, DE
Article from Evening Journal, May 13, 1893

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SMALL BANKS MUST CLOSE. Upon the Report of the Columbia National Bank Failure, Paris & Nave Order a General Suspension. INDIANAPOLIS, May 3.-John W. Paris and J. Shannon Nave, under the partnership style of Paris & Nave, bank ers, have, from their quarters in the old Sentinel building in this city, been controlling several small banks in the state. Upon the report of 10 Columbia National Bank failure, Paris & Nave ordered the banks which they control to suspend. It seems that Paris and Nave organized banks somewhat on the plan of Mr. Dwiggins of, the Columbia National of Chicago; in fact Mr. Paris was interested with Mr. Dwiggins in the Farmers' Bank of Greentown, which suspended yesterday. Ex.Governor Chase was also one of the founders of the Greentown Bank. The banks ordered to close by Paris & Nave of Indianapolis, include the Bank of New Orleans, Bank of Rossville, Bank of Freeport, Ohio, and Bank of Rock ford, Mich. These banks were all private affairs and had no extensive patronage. The firm of Paris & Nave has only been in existence a short time, Mr Nave joining with Mr. Paris in the business in January, 1892. Mr. Nave described the firm's business as a general brokerage one in addition to the banking end. He says the firm has been handling securities to a certain extent. The Dwiggins plan has been followed in its general outline by Paris & Nave in organizing these small private banks. An office would be opened and local parties interested in the scheme. It was the firm's ultimate end, said Mr. Nave, to convert the small institutions into national banks after they had been put on a sound footing. None of the banks ordered closed by the firm name a capital stock.

2. May 13, 1893 Rock Island Daily Argus Rock Island, IL
Article from Rock Island Daily Argus, May 13, 1893

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Highest of all in Leavening Power.-Latest U. S. Gov't Report. Baking CCCO Powder Royal ABSOLUTELY PURE seems that Paris & Nave organized banks somewhat or. the plan of Dwiggins of the BANKING ON WIND. Columbia National of Chicago; in fact, Paris was interested with Dwiggins in the Farmers' bank of Greentown, which has Alleged Facts About the Columsuspended. bia Concern. Ex-Governor Chase was also one of the founders of this Greentown bank. The banks ordered to close by Paris & Nave DIRECTORS TALK OF RESUMPTION, include the bank of Orleans, bank of Rossville, bank of Freeport, O. and bank of But Matters Are In a Much Mixed CondiRockford, Mich. These banks were all private affairs and had no extensive pattion-Development of Financier Dwigronage. The firm of Paris & Nave has gins - Operations of His County Bank only been in existence a short time, Nave Scheme-Connections That Have Gone joining with Paris in the business in JanUnder-Correspondents in Illinois-Imiuary, 1892. Nave described the firm's bustators at Indianapolis-An Epidemic of iness as a general brokerage one, in adFailures. dition to the banking end. He says the firm has been handling securities to a cer CHICAGO, May 13.-Interesting disclosures tain extent. are promised in connection with the inThe Dwiggins plan was followed in its vestigation into the Columbia National general outline by Paris & Nave in orbank failure. The directors have held a ganizing these small private banks. An meeting to discuss the practiciability of office would be opened and local parties resuming, but the result of their interested in the scheme. It was the firm's affairs of the bank are in such ultimate end, said Nave, to convert the small institutions into national banks after deliberations was not given out. The a thorough mix that it is not they had been put on a sound footing.

3. May 17, 1893 The Enterprise Wellington, OH
Article from The Enterprise, May 17, 1893

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BANK FAILURES. A Number of Small Institutions in Various Sections Swamped By the Columbian National Failure-Busl= ness in Several States Must Feel the Shock-Two Ohio Institutions Are Among Those Gone Under. PORTLAND, Ind., May 18.-About 1 o'clock yesterday morning a courier from Dunkirk arrived here and announced the failure of the Dunkirk bank, which is owned and controlled by Dwiggins, Starbuck & Co., of Chicago. Attachments were at once filed and a deputy sheriff left immediately to levy on all the available property. The bank has gone under for at least $75,000 and the amount may reach $100,000. The firm controlling the bank owns a number of others, and these are reported gone to the wall. CINCINNATI, O., May 13.-The private banking firm of Dwiggins, Starbuck & Co., of Williamsburg, O., has failed. The assignment was made to D.W. Atehley, at Batavia, the county seat, shortly before midnight Thursday night, and was caused by the failure of the Columbia bank of Chicago, of which Mr. Dwiggins was cashier. About $8,000 is due the Wilmington bank from the Columbia, all of which, it is thought, will be lost. Lawrence P. Good, expert accountant, of Indianapolis, was in the bank Thursday evening making an examination with a view of organizing a national bank. He left Williamsburg at 5 o'clock Friday morning. A telegram from Williamsburg to Chief Dietsch ordered Good's arrest on charge of embezzlement of $210,000. He was held here and declared his innocence. INDIANAPOLIS, May 18.-John W. Paris and J. Shannon Nave, under the partnership style of Paris & Nave, bankers, have, from their quarters in the old Sentinel building in this city, been controlling several small banks in the state, Upon the report of the Columbian National bank failure, Paris & Nave ordered the banks under their control to suspend. These include the bank of Orleans, bank of Rossville, bank of Freeport, O., and bank of Rockford, Mich. These banks were all private affairs and had no extensive patronage. TOLEDO, May 18.-The Ottawa County bank at Elmore, a branch of the Chicago Columbia, has closed its doorsan the bank officials are net to be found. DETROIT, Mich., May 13.-A special from Pawpaw, Mich., says: Great excitement prevails at Lawton. The managers of a local bank there did notopen up the institution yesterday morning, having left town Thursday night. Citizens have some $18,000 deposited in the bank and are taking legal steps in the hope of readizing EDWARDSBURG, Mich., May 18-The Citizens' bank of this place closed? doors yesterday morning. About $25,000 of local deposite, together with township and school fundsare affected. CONVOY, O., May 48.-The Farmers' bank, of Convoy, O., closed Its doors yesterday, caused by its relations with the Columbia National bank, of Chicago; no particulars. A card on the door states: "This bank has suspended." FORT WAYNE, Ind., May 13.-News of the suspension of the Farmers and Merchants' bank at Geneva, Ind., reached here / The bank closed its doors at noon. It was the oldest institution of the kind in town.

4. May 18, 1893 Iron County Register Ironton, MO
Article from Iron County Register, May 18, 1893

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A COMPREHENSIVE FAILURE. Interesting Disclosures Promised in Connection with the Failure of the Columbia National Bank of Chicago The Ambitions Exploits of Hoosier Banker in the Windy City- Scores of Country Banks Go Down with the Columbia. CHICAGO, May 13.-Interesting dinclosures are promised in connection with the investigation into the Columbia national bank failure. The directors held a meeting yesterday to discuss the practicability of resuming, but the result of their deliberations was not given out. The affairs of the bank are in such a thorough mix thatitis not known just how matters stand. Zimri Dwiggins, president of the Columbia bank, was a banker in Attica, Ind., ten or twelve years ago, and at that time established close relations with W. Wiggs and J. M. Starbuck, who were running a system of bucketshops under the name of Wiley, Strawbridge & Co. They determined to start a bank, and organized the United States national bank with a capital of $50,000. The bucket-shop business was subsequently broken up under the bucket-shop law, the bank being left in Dwiggins' control, while Wiggs went to New Mexico. The stock of the United States bank wasswelled to $500,000, and Wiggs, who had discovered an alleged gilt-edge mine drew $300,000 to pay for it. The mine waste be sold to English investors. The mine was a "dead horse" and never pannedo Nothing daunted by the failure of the New Mexican scheme, Dwiggins and Starbuck undertook the establishment of a chain of country banks. It is not known how many were then organized, but after the Columbia was established they went at it with vim, and their connections are now more extensive than before. The scheme was to visit some well-known and wellto-do farmer in a town and secure his \services as cashier of a branch, the farmer taking a large block of stock. The money wasadvanced by the Columbia and some one put in control who was in sympathy with their interests. The country bank stock thus acquired was either used as collateral for loans by the Columbia national or bought outright. As the money sent out into the country soon came back to the reserve center the bank was not out of cash long and practically no capital vas required in the promotion business. The Columbia, however, finally got loaded up with country bank stock for which it had no special use, and then it was determined, it is said, to organize a company to take this stock. issue debenture bonds on them and sell the bonds. The United States Loan and Trust Co. was put in the field with Zimri Dwiggins as president, and incorporated under the laws of Indiana. The company is said to have represented that upon the basis of country bank stocks yielding 3, 10 and 12 per cent. dividends, 6 per cent. debenture bonds would be issued. To make the bond good the United States Loan and Trust Co. guaranteed the payment of principal and interest. The plan succeeded and it is known that at one financial concern's office $250,000 of the United States Loan and Trust Co.'s debentures had been registered. The approximate amount of bank stock held for this is said to be $450,000, and President Dwiggins is understood to have $500,000 more on hand. The assets of the United States Loan and Trust Co. are said to consist of about $1,000 in office furniture. The list of branches of the Columbia bank, more than a score of which closed their doors yesterday, is long one, extending over the states of Indiana, Michigan, Illinois and Ohio. An Indianapolis Concern that Did Business on the Columbia Plan. INDIANAPOLIS, Ind., May 13.-John W. Paris and J. Shannon Nave, under the partnership style of Paris & Nave, bankers, have, from their quarters in the old Sentinel building in this city, been controlling several small banks in the state. Upon the report of the Columbia national bank failure, Paris & Nave ordered the banks which they control to suspend. It seems that Paris & Nave organized banks somewhat on the plan of Mr. Dwiggins, of the Columbia national of Chicago-in fact, Mr. Paris was interested with Mr. Dwiggins in the Farmers' bank of Greentown, which suspended yesterday. Ex-Gov. Chase was also one of the founders of the Greentown bank. The banks ordered to close by Paris & Nave, of Indianapolis, include the Bank of Orleans, Bank of Rossville, Bank of Freeport, O., and the bank of Rockford. Mich. These banks were a private affairs and had no extensive patronage. The firm of Paris & Nave has only been in existence a short time, Mr. Nave joining with Mr. Parisin.thebasiness in January, 1892. Mr. Nave described the firm's business as a general brokerage one in addition to the banking end. He says the firm has been handling securities to a certain extent. The Dwiggins plan was followed in its general outline by Paris & Nave, in organizing these small private banks. An office would be opened and local parties interested in the scheme. It was the firm's ultimate end. said Mr. Nave, to convert these small institutions into national banks, after they had been puton a sound footing. None of the banks ordered closed by the firm same a capital stock Will Probably Have to Close

5. May 19, 1893 The Jasper Weekly Courier Jasper, IN
Article from The Jasper Weekly Courier, May 19, 1893

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CHICAGO, and promised in connection elosures investigation are into the Colum- direewith the bank failure. The disbia national meeting yesterday to tors held practicability a of resuming. but cuss the of their deliberations was the result out. The affairs of the is bank not given such a thorough mix stand. that it Zimri are in just how matters Columbia known president of the in Attica, Dwiggins, was a banker and a bank. or twelve years ago, relations Ind., ten established close Starbuck, that time W. Wiggs and J. M. of bucketwith were C. running a system Strawwho under the name of Wiley. to start shops & Co. They determined United bridge and organized the capital a bank, national bank with a business States The bucket-shop under the of $50,000. subsequently broken up being left to New Mexico. in was bucket-shop Dwiggins' control, the while bank Wiggs went stock of the United States bank who The to $500,000. and Wiggs gilt-edge asswelled discovered an alleged for it. The had drew $300.000 to pay invesmine mine was to be sold to a English "dead horse* tors. The mine was Nothingdaunted and never pannedout. of the New Mexican by the failure Dwiggins and Starbuck of un. a scheme, establishment country chain how many was dertook known of the banks. Columbia were It then is not but after the with vim. established organized. they went at it now more and their connections are The scheme extensive visit than some before. well-known secure and well- his was to farmer in a town and branch. services to-do as cashier large of block a of stock. the taking a the Columfarmer wasadvanced by control who The money some one put in interests. bia and in sympathy with their thus acquired The country collateral for was was either used bank as national stock or bought loans Columbia out into by the As the money sent the reoutright. soon came back not to out of serve the country center and the practically bank was no business. capital cash as required long in the promotion finally got Columbia. however, stock for The with country bank and then loaded it up had no special use. to organwhich determined. it is said, stock. issue it was to take this sell the debenture ize a company bonds on them and bonds. United States Loan with and Trust Zimri The put in the field incorpoCo. was as president. Indiana. and The Dwiggins under the laws of represented rated is said to have country company the basis of 10 and that stocks upon yielding 3. cent. bank cent. dividends. 6 be per issued. 13 per bonds would the United debenture To make the bond Trust good Co. guaranteed States Loan and of principal and interest the payment plan succeeded and concern's it is known office The financial and that at one United States Loan $250,000 of 's the debentures had been regis- of Trust Co. approximate amount to be tered. stock The held for this is said is unbank and President Dwiggins on hand. $450,000. derstood to have $500.000 more Loan of the United States consist and in office The Trust assets $1.000 Co. are said furniture. to bank. The of about branches of the Columbia elosed their list of of which more than a score is a long one. extenddoors over yesterday. the states of Indiana, Michigan, ing Illinois and Ohio. BusiAn Indianapolis ness on the Concern Columbia that Plan. Did -John INDIANAPOLIS. Ind., May Nave. 13. under and J. Shannon & Nave, W. Paris partnership style of Paris quarters in the have. from their this city, bankers. Sentinel building in banks the been old controlling several small in state. the the report of the Columbia Nave Upon failure. Paris & control banks which they & Nave It seems that the tional suspend. dered the bank somewhat Paris on plan organized banks Columbia naof Mr. Dwiggins. of the fact. Mr. Paris tional interested of Chicago with in Mr. Dwiggins in was Farmers' bank of Greentown, Ex-Gov. Chase the yesterday. of the suspended was also one of the founders Greentown bank. 1 ordered to close by Paris the t The banks of Indianapolis, include Rossville. & Nave. of Orleans. Bank of bank of Bank of Freeport, O., and the were all Bank Mich. These banks extensive . private Rockford. affairs and had no . patronage. of Paris & Nave time. has only Mr. e The firm existence a short busi been Nave joining in with Mr. Parisin.the ness in January, 1892. busi , e Nave described the firm's in ad. Mr. a general brokerage one He says ness as to the banking end. securities , dition firm has been handling Dwiggins 1 the certain extent. The general oute to a followed in its organizing plan was Paris & Nave. in An office private banks. 1 these line by small local parties ine would be opened and It was the scheme. to 0 e ultimate into terested firm's in the end, said institutions Mr. Nave. convert thesé small had been

6. May 23, 1893 The Progressive Farmer Raleigh, Winston-Salem, Winston, NC
Article from The Progressive Farmer, May 23, 1893

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CONTRACTION DOES THE WORK Banks Continue to Close Their Doors all Over the Country. QUEENSLAND, May 17.-The Royal Bank of Queensland closed its doors this morning and its suspension was announced. It had a capital stock of £400,000. MINNEAPOLIS, Minn., May 17.-The Citizens' Bank of this city suspended payment this morning and a receiver has been asked for. FLORENCE, S. C., May 17.-Much surprise and some little excitement were caused in Florence yesterday morning when the following notice appeared on the closed doors of the Bank of Carolinas: "This bank has suspended payment until a meeting of directors can be held. JOHN P. COFFIN, Pres't. JACKSONVILLE, Fla., May 13.-A Kissimmee special to the Times Union says: Much to the surprise of everybody, the following notice appeared on the door of the Kissimmee City bank before the opening hour this morning: "This bank is closed until further notice by virtue of a deed of assignment this day executed and recorded in the clerk's office of Osceola county. SYDNEY, Australia, May 15.-The Commercial Banking Company closed their doors this morning. The liabilities are not yet known. The capital stock of the company was £600,000. LINCOLN, Neb., May 13.-Kendall & Smith, the largest millers in this section have made an assignment for the benefit of their creditors. WARDENER, Wash., May 13.-Small & Colby, extensive lumber dealers of this place, made an assignment to day. Their liabilities are $50,000. INDIANAPOLIS, Ind., May 13 -The Bank of New Orleans, Bank of Roas ville, Bank of Freeport, Ohio, and the Bank of Rockford, Michigan, all private concerns and with no extensive patronage were closed to-day by order of Paris and Nave, bankers, of this city, who controlled them. The Commercial State Bank, of Rushville, Ind., Bank of Brookville, Ohio, and the First State Bank, of Hillsdale, Michigan, have suspended. MINNEAPOLIS, May 17.-The Citizens' Bank has suspended and a receiver has been asked for the Northwestern Guaranty Company. WATERLOO, Iowa, May 17. - The First National Bank, of Sioux Falls, suspended at the close of business yesterday, being involved by the assignment of William M. Fields & Brother, importers of horses. The liabilities are estimated at from $100,000 to $150,000, while the personal liabilities of Field will be nearly as much more. No statement of the assets can be given as yet.

7. December 27, 1893 The Representative Saint Paul, Minneapolis, MN
Article from The Representative, December 27, 1893

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28. Cyclone: The town of Cisco, Tex., wiped out; 3) killed and 40 injured. Miscellaneous: International naval ship review in New York harbor and in the Hudson river. to. Fire: Woburn. Mass., Currying factory burned; loss, $175,000. 90. Miscellaneous: The National bank of Australasia failed for £7,500,000. MAY. 1. Miscellaneous: World's airopened at Chicago. 8. Fire: Steam and Electric Power company burned out at Louisville; loss, $300,000. 4. Obituary: Ex-United States Senator J. W. Patterson of New Hampshire, at Hanover, N.H. Personal: Dean William Lawrence chosen Episcopal bishop of Massachusetts to succeed Phillips Brooks, lately deceased. 6. Disaster: 10 killed and many injured in a wreck on the Big Four road near Lafayette, Ind. 7. Disaster: 12 killed, 7 injured by a boiler explosion on the steamer Ohio running on the Mississippi river. Obituary: Col. Ward H. Lamon, at one time Lincoln's private secretary, at Martinsburg, W. Va. The wife of Chauncey M. Depew, in New York city. 8. Fires: Frankford, Pa., Bromley & Burns' yarn dyeing mill destroyed; loss, $240,000. Chicago, the Shepard Hardware company burned out; loss, $200,000. Miscellaneous: H. H. Warner, the patent medicine manufacturer of Rochester, assigned; liabilities estimated $500,000. 9. Fire: Utica, N. Y.,J. B. Wells' dry goods store destroyed; loss over $250,000. Personal: James H. Blount appointed United States minister to Hawaii. Miscellaneous: The Bank of Victoria at Melbournesuspended, with 10. Obituary: Joseph Francis, the noted lifeboat inventor, at Otsego lake, New York. Dr. Charles Carroll Lee, president of the New York Medical society, in New York city: aged 54. 11. Fires: Spring Lake, Mich., half the village burned; loss, $80,000. Rochester, electric road plant destroyed: loss, 60,000. Pittsburg: loss, $180,000. Obituary: Gen. E. D. Townsend, adjutant general of the army, retired at Washington; aged 76. 12. Obituary: Gen. S. C. Armstrong, principal of Hampton Normal institute and Indian school, at Hampton, Va.; aged 54. Miscellaneous: The Sioux City Engine Works, Sioux City, Ia., suspended; liabilities, $200,000. The Cunard liner Campania reached Liverpool 5 days 17 hours 27 minutes from New York, breaking the east bound record. 13. Miscellaneous: Steel company at Belleville, Ills., placed in hands of a receiver. Kendall & Smith, grain dealers of Lincoln, Neb., failed for over $250,000. Bank failures at Orleans and Rossville, Ind., at Freeport, O., and Rockford, Mich. 14. Obituary: Rev. W. H. A. Bissell, bishop of the Protestant Episcopal diocese of Vermont, at Burlington; aged 80. Disaster: 10 miners killed by falling down a shaft at the Calumet and Hecla mine, Mich. The steamer City of Hamburg run down theship Countess Evelyn off the Cornish coast; 25 lives lost. 15. Sporting: Diablo won the Brooklyn handicap at Gravesend, N. Y. Miscellaneous: Erastus Wiman, New York capitalist, made an assignment. 17. Disasters: 25 lives lost in a storm on Lake Erie. 6 deaths by the explosion of a generator in a glucose factory at Geneva, Ills. 18. Personal: The Intanta Eulalie of Spain arrived in New York city. 19. Obituary: James E. Murdock, actor and elocutionist, at Cincinnati; aged 83. 20. Fire: Saginaw, Mich., 200 houses burned: loss over $1,500,000. 22. Miscellaneous: The cruiser New York surpassed the cruiser record of the world, making a speed of 21 knots an hour. 23. Fires: Reading, Mich., lost $150,000 by flames; 2 deaths. South Salem, Mass., tannery destroyed; loss, $132,000. 26. Obituary: Dr. Lyman A. Abbott, a New England cancerspecialist, at Malden,Mass.; aged 86. Miscellaneous: Ex-Secretary of the Treasury Charles Foster of Fostoria, O., assigned, with liabilities of nearly $1,000,000. 28. Fire: Balimore, sugar refinery destroyed; loss, $1,000,000. 29. Sporting: Jim Hall defeated Frank Slavin, 7 rounds, inLondon. 30. Disaster: Main's circus train wrecked at Tyrone. Pa.: 5 deaths. JUNE. 8. Fire: Omaha. Schinerick's furniture store set in flames by lightning; loss, over $200,000; 5 people killed by a falling wall. Disaster: 5 deaths in a burning flat in New York city. Personal: Mrs. James G. Blaine, widow of Secretary Blaine, sailed for England, where she will reside permanently. Sporting: Frank Ives defeated John Roberts at billiards in London. 5. Crime: 6 men raided the People's bank at Little Rock and secured $10,000. 6. Cyclone: The town of Woodington, O., nearly demolished by a storm of wind and rain; death. 7. Fires: Fargo, N. D., one-half the city destroyed and 3,000 people made homeless; loss over $3,500,000. Oshkosh, Wis., $200,000 blaze on the main street. San Francisco, a dozen fine residences destroyed; loss, $200,000; 4 deaths. Minneapolis, the Bradstreet-Thurber company's store damaged to the extent of $140,000. Personal: James Gordon Bennett, proprietor of the New York Herald, seriously injured by falling from a coach in Paris. Obituary: Edwin Booth, the eminent tragedian, in New York city; aged 60. Dr. J. E. Hendricks, a noted mathematician, at Des Moines; aged 79. 8. Fire: Montreal, the Ville Marie convent destroyed; loss, $1,000,000. Obituary: Rev. Dr. O. R. Blue, prominent in the Methodist church south, at Greensboro, Ala.: aged 70. 9. Disasters: The floors of Ford's old opera house, Washington, where Lincoln was assassinated, fell, carrying down hundreds of government clerks at work in the building: 22 deaths, over 50 injured. Riot: 3 men killed and several injured in a melee with strikers at Romeo, Ills. 11. Miscellaneous: Gen. Joseph A. Hall, a civil war veteran of Maine, died on board a New York Central train near Syracuse. 18. Disaster: 5 deaths in the burning of a "sweat shop" in New York city. 17. Miscellaneous: The Viking ship from Norway arrived in New York harbor. 20. Fire: Duluth, Minn., frame block destroyed: loss, $40,000; deaths. Disaster: 4 killed and 100 injured by the derailment of a train on the Long Island railroad at Parkville, N.Y. the Suburban Sporting: Lowlander won handicap at Sheepshead Bay. Miscellaneous: Lizzie Borden acquitted of the murder of her father and mother at New Bedford, Mass. 21. Disaster: Lightning struck a circus tent at River Falls, Wis., and killed people.