5489. First National Bank (South Bend, IN)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run → Suspension → Closure
Bank Type
national
Bank ID
126
Charter Number
126
Start Date
April 1, 1931*
Location
South Bend, Indiana (41.683, -86.250)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
27c533d14d3ad9a7

Response Measures

Accommodated withdrawals, Borrowed from banks or large institutions, Public signal of financial health, Capital injected, Books examined

Description

Articles describe multiple depositor runs on the First National Bank (April–May 1931 period), efforts to raise cash, and the bank's subsequent closing/asset takeover by the newly formed First Bank & Trust company. Closure date for the First National is reported as June 5, 1931. Cause of runs tied to bank-specific adverse events (suicide of former president, frozen assets) and severe liquidity problems; directors later formed a state bank to liquidate/protect depositors, and assets were taken over.

Events (6)

1. November 13, 1863 Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2. April 1, 1931* Run
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Run occurred immediately after suicide of former president (Arthur Hubbard) and rapid withdrawals as directors hurried to obtain cash; frozen assets noted.
Measures
Directors chartered a special car to Chicago to obtain cash; loans and cash infusions were sought.
Newspaper Excerpt
About cash turned by Erskine and Vincent Bendix ... The next day run on the bank by depositors took $350,000 from the vaults
Source
newspapers
3. May 15, 1931 Run
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
A larger secondary run in mid-May removed more funds; negotiations for merger and large examiner cash ultimatum followed.
Measures
Attempts to raise large cash sums, negotiations for merger with Union Trust and Citizens' National; multiple loans from correspondents and affiliates.
Newspaper Excerpt
Second Run Occurs. 'About the middle of May secondary run more than the first' ... 'during period of about four weeks was withdrawn.'
Source
newspapers
4. June 1, 1931* Other
Newspaper Excerpt
The First National bank lent $79,824.15 more that night. That made total $379,824.15 ... But the next day the bank was forced close. (loans and collateral assignments described in petition).
Source
newspapers
5. June 5, 1931 Suspension
Cause
Voluntary Liquidation
Cause Details
Directors, unable to raise required cash after heavy withdrawals and examiner ultimatum, decided to form a state bank to liquidate the First National for protection of depositors; assets taken over by First Bank & Trust.
Newspaper Excerpt
...prevent its closing June 5, 1931... The First National bank also was forced to close and its assets were taken over by the First Bank Trust company.
Source
newspapers
6. January 12, 1932 Voluntary Liquidation
Source
historical_nic

Newspaper Articles (2)

Article from The South Bend Tribune, April 27, 1932

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Article Text

BANK LIQUIDATION CUTS ASSETS Continued Page bank following the suicide Arthur Hubbard, former president of the institution, last April and of hurried trip Chicago the following day, which was Sunday, to obtain in cash. special car was chartered and directors' meeting held en route Chicago, during which was to become president the institution. About cash turned by Erskine and Vincent Bendix, dition to large sum provided by Mr. Morris. The next day run on the bank by depositors took $350,000 from the vaults and the following day. Second Run Occurs. "About the middle of May secondary run more than the first, and during period of about four weeks was withdrawn. he said. "At that time negotiations started for the merger the First National bank and Union Trust company with the Citizens' National bank but time was against us the money was rolling out of the bank faster than we could make our plans. "On June ultimatum came from the national bank examiner that must raise $2,000,000 cash, $1,000,000 for the First National bank and another $1,000,000 for the Union Trust, before the merger would be sanctioned. "The directors met that night an all-night the worst nights have ever experiwe tried in every way to raise the $2,000,000 but was impossible. About o'clock in the morning decided to form state bank to liquidate the First National for the protection depositors and to keep the institution open." Tells of Moving. He described how at o'clock in the morning the Trust comwas to location the Associates building under orders banking examiners and the diana Trust company, which Mr. Morris had acquired controlling interest in on April was moved into the First National bank. When Mr. Morris and his assoclates the Indiana Trust company on April it was in tering condition and, according to him, could not have remained open two weeks longer because of frozen assets. By June when it came the nucleus of the First Bank & Trust company, he said, it was cash position. Mr. Morris described the First Bank & Trust company at the present time one of the soundest institutions in the state. 'And nothing is going to happen that bank, you can count that,' he added. Making Money. Because of recent retrenchments the institution is money, and its cash has increased said, $500,000. At the present nearly time the bank has $100,000 in govsecurities, $100,000 on call from New York banks and $125,in short time paper. said, the monthly Last June $10,800 and this payroll was been reduced to $4,600. Mr. Mor ris has not received any salary the bank since the first month from was president. in deposits the For First Bank & Trust has cash resources, including in cash and due from banks, governsecurities other bonds. The liabilities include in capital stock, surplus fund and profits, $56,724.16 in vested trust $32,066.62 trustee funds and in mortcertificates outstanding. gage Among its resources are in loans and discounts and real mortgage loans and mortgages certifisecurities cates.


Article from The South Bend Tribune, November 21, 1933

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Article Text

SUIT REVEALS FIGHT TO RUN ON BANK Recalls Frantic Efforts of Union Trust. HEAVY LOANS RECORDED Bingham Signs Order for Assignment to Protect Creditor Institution. The story of frantic but futile efforts to stop the run on the Union Trust company and prevent its closing June 5, 1931, is told for the first time today petition filed in superior court No. by the state department of financial institutions. Withdrawals were heavy. On it May 27 the bank had obtained loan of $50,000 from the First National bank, its affiliate. Then another loan- this for $125,made the following day On June directors got $50,000 more from the First National and on June more. Still was not enough. On the night of June the directors met the bank, calling in national bank The First National bank lent $79,824 15 more that night. That made total $379,824.15 withweek. But the next day the bank was foreed close. $686,000 in Oollateral. Two months later the whole debt was reduced to note for At that time, the petition asserts, the face value of mortgages given by the Union Trust company to its affiliate to secure these large loans totaled $553,000. Remaining collaterals held the bank totaled more than face value The petition lists mortgages which were pledged to the First National as security for the and asks that an assignloans, ment of record be permitted the creditor Judge protect Fred Bingham signed an order granting the petition. The First National bank also was forced to close and its assets were taken over by the First Bank Trust company However, agreement reached whereby the Union Trust liquidators would continue make collections on the mortthe other bank. gages assigned Mortgage Released. Today's petition records the details several of these collections. The First Church of the the Union Trust. The held by in the bank church had deposits The deposit covering to the note and was applied Similar action mortgage was taken in the case of Joseph Donahue, deposits were satisfy mortgage for other deposits notes but were not suffi to cient to pay off the entire obligations The petition shows the Manufactur Ing company has an unpaid bal of $13,616 after $14,145 in deposits were credited against Similarly, the Epworth Hospital, Training "which throughout the depression has been wholly unable liabilities, paid off meet its on its $11,000 note, leavbalance due of $5,916.61 offsets include $3,200 Other to Lulu Wahlen; $113.83 credited credited to Lester Anderson; credited to Clarence Hass, to Fred W $275.87 credited Knoblock, In all cases left and mortgages were not been released.