3027. First National Bank (Keokuk, IA)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run → Suspension → Closure
Bank Type
national
Bank ID
80
Charter Number
80
Start Date
February 21, 1868
Location
Keokuk, Iowa (40.397, -91.385)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
da8e5b39df060cb2

Response Measures

Full suspension, Books examined

Receivership Details

Depositor recovery rate
68.3%
Date receivership started
1868-03-03
Date receivership terminated
1872-11-30
OCC cause of failure
Fraud
Share of assets assessed as good
32.4%
Share of assets assessed as doubtful
26.3%
Share of assets assessed as worthless
41.3%

Description

Newspaper reports (Feb 21–22, 1868) state the First National Bank of Keokuk suspended; local papers report crowds and wild rumors and a crowd in front of the bank when the suspension was announced (indicating a depositor run/withdrawal panic). A government inspector/receiver (H. W. Sample) was appointed and the bank's assets were liquidated (sale of fixtures Aug 1868; Comptroller correspondence Oct 1868 shows receiver paid collections into the Treasury). The bank did not resume normal business and entered liquidation/receivership, so the sequence is run → suspension → permanent closure/receivership.

Events (5)

1. September 9, 1863 Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2. February 21, 1868 Run
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Announcement of the bank's suspension and revelations of substantial losses and insolvency; public learned of the bank's failure, prompting crowds and withdrawals.
Measures
None reported (panic/withdrawal and crowding at the bank prior to suspension).
Newspaper Excerpt
Very intense excitement was created throughout Keokuk business circles ... Quite a crowd collected in front of the Bank as soon as the rumor became current.
Source
newspapers
3. February 21, 1868 Suspension
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Bank suspended after discovery or disclosure of heavy losses; articles note large liabilities, heavy deposit accounts, and that stockholders will be largest losers. An inspector/receiver was to be sent by the government to settle affairs.
Newspaper Excerpt
The First National Bank of Keokuk, Iowa, suspended yesterday.
Source
newspapers
4. February 22, 1868 Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
An Inspector, appointed by the Government will come and settle its affairs. H. W. SAMPLE, Receiver. (sale notice Aug. 13, 1868). Comptroller: 'The Receiver of the First National Bank of Keokuk has paid into the Treasury of the United States all the money he has collected from the assets of the Bank.' (October 13, 1868). (Receiver name reported August 1868 notices and October Comptroller letter.) First National Bank of Keokuk... H. W. Sample receiver
Source
newspapers
5. March 3, 1868 Receivership
Source
historical_nic

Newspaper Articles (15)

Article from Evening Star, February 22, 1868

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WEST ITEMS. Suspension of a National Bank-Buffalo Hunt. ST. LOUIS, Feb. 22. - -The First National Bank of Keokdk, Iowa, suspended yesterday. The Kansas Legislature has accepted the invitation of the Pacific Railroad Company to have a buffalo hunt on the fourth of March.


Article from The Daily Gate City, February 22, 1868

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BANK FAILURE. Suspension of the First National Bank, Very intense excitement was created throughout Keokuk business circles yesterday morning by the announcement that the a First National Bank had suspended. Quite "crowd collected in front of the Bank as soon as the rumor became current. It was too true. Amid the excitement and wild rumors consequent upon an event unexpected by the public and deplorable, we can gather nothing definite enough to make an accurate showing of the real extent of the losses, and we prefer not to give currency to mere rumore. It will be some time before the real condition of the Bank is known. An Inspec tor, appointed by the Government will come and settle its affairs. Then a showing of the Bank's liabilities, assets and operations can be made. It appears that the stockholders will be the largest loosers, and as the Bank has had a heavy deposit account, its liabilities must be proportionally large. What the amount of available resources on hand with which to meet the liabilities, can only be ascertained with reliable certainty by actual investigation of the affairs of the Bank. In the meantime we shall not insur the risk of misleading our readers, by giving publicity to unauthorized or ill-founded statements of parties ins terested in behalf of the Bank or excited against it.


Article from Daily Davenport Democrat, February 22, 1868

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MISSOURI. Sr. LOUIS, Feb. 22.-The First National Bank of Keokuk suspended yesterday. The Kansas Legislature have accepted an invitation from the Pacific Railroad Co., to have an buffalo hunt on the 4th of March. The Missouri river from St. Joseph to Brownsville, a short distance below Omaha is open and navigation will be resumed in a few days.


Article from The Evansville Journal, February 24, 1868

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ST. LOUIS, February 22.-The First National Bank of Keokuk, Iowa, suspended yesterday. The Kansas Legislature has accepted an invitation from the Pacific Railway Company to have a buffalo hunt on the 4th of March. The Missouri River is open from St. Joseph to Brownsville, a short distance below Omaha, and navigation will be resumed in a few days from its mouth to Omaha. President Johnson's appointment of General Thomas Secretary of War ad interim caused considerable comment here, and will probably influence the action of the Republican State Convention at Jefferson City to-day somewhat.


Article from Evening Star, February 25, 1868

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The First National Bank of Keekuk, Iowa, suspended on the 21st.


Article from The Daily Dispatch, February 25, 1868

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BANK SUSPENDED.-St. Louis, February 22.-The First National Bank of Keokuk, Iowa, suspended yesterday.


Article from Vermont Watchman and State Journal, February 26, 1868

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Domestic Netus. PORTLAND, Feb. 18. A meeting of the merchants of Portland and others intrested was held this afternoon at the Board of Trade rooms, to consider the proposition of several Vermont capitalists for the building of the Rutland and Woodstock Railroad to White River Junction, forming a western connection with Portland across New Hampshire. Jonas H. Perley, President of the Board of Trade, presided. Remarks favoring the project, and also the Portland and Ogdensburg Road, were made by several gentlemen. Among the speakers were Gov. John B. Page of Vt., President of the Rutland and Burlington Railroad, Hon. P. T. Washburn of Woodstock. President of the Woodstock Road, Hon. Julius Converse of Woodstock, Chas. Sheldon of Rutland, Hon. Henry Keyes of Rutland, President of the Passumpsic Road, Collector Israel Washburn, Jr., Hon, John A. Poor and others of Portland. Resolutions were unanimously passed thanking the gentlemen from Vermont for the interesting information given, and responding in behalf of Portland in a liberal spirit, encouraging both the Portland and Rochester with the Rutland connection, and also the Portland and Ogdensburg project, and calling upon the merchants of Portland to give the subject their earnest attention. A committee of twenty-five was appointed to consider the propositions presented, and make an early report. BALTIMORE, Feb. 21. It is stated that the leading members of the Legislature met in secret caucus last evening and resolved to elect Mr. Thomas over again and send him a second time to the door of the Senate to present his credentials and demand admission. If the Senate then refuse to admit him threats are made that the State authorities be recommended to prevent the collection of the U.S. Revenue in Maryland until the Senate recedes from its present position. Sr. Louis, Feb. 22. The First National Bank of Keokuk, Iowa, suspended yesterday. Philadelphia, Feb. 22. There has been great excitement here to-day over the Washington events. The newspaper offices were crowded until after dark. The Union League will to-morrow raise a large flag bearing the letters "S. P. A."-Senate and People of America.


Article from New-York Tribune, February 26, 1868

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LATEST GENERAL NEWS [By Telegraph.) The Missouri is open to St. Joseph. Auburn, Me., has rejected a city charter. Gen. Wm. Robinson, jr., of Pittsburgh, died on Monday evening. The First National Bank of Keokuk, Iowa, suspended on Friday, The New-Jersey House was unable, yesday to repeal the Usury law. Bishop Stevens is improving under the care of Dr. Morris, at Wilkesbarre. The Republican Nominating Convention met in Tallahassee, Florida, last night. The Kansas Legislature will go out, per Pacific Railway, on a buffalo hunt, March s. The Hon. Robert Spence, Collector of Customs for Toronto. died yesterday morning. The United steamer Mohican and steamship Sacramento arrived at San Francisco on Monday. John Minor Botts and Judge Rives are to address the Republicans of Richmond, Va., this week. Worthless checks on the Second National Bank of Philadelphia, signed Hamis, Cook & Co. and Dodge & Hamis, are afloat. Gen. Palmer of the Southern Pacific Bailroad Survey left San Francisco for the East, by the Central overland route, on Feb. 21. A Democratic correspondent telegraphs that the President and Cabinet have agreed to recognize only Gen. Thomas as Secretary of War. The snow-storm in Philadelphia was the severest of the season. The snow-banks in some streets, yesterday morning, were three feet deep. The Moses Taylor sailed from San Francisco, yesterday, and the ships Archer, from New.York, and Sidon, from Hamburg, arrived there. The streets of New-Orleans were crowded, yesterday, th people witnessing Mardi Gras revels. Last night balls were given in all the theaters. It is understood in Richmond that Gen. Schofield will appoint loyalists to fill the vacancies oceasioned by the removal of magistrates in that city. The workingmen of San Francisco made an imposing demonstration on Friday night in honor of the passage of the eight hour law by the Legislature. The Mexican Government has declared Puerto Angelo situated on the Pacific coast of the State of Oajaca, a port of entry for foreign and coasting commerce. The Canadian Gazatte announces the permanent appointment of Sir N. T. Belleau and Gen. Doyle as Lieutenant-Governors of Quebee and Nova Scotia. The Boston banks held $616,958 in specie, yesterday, $16,309,501 in legal-tender notes, and had $24,686,212 in national and $216,490 in old State currency in circulation. Gen. Gillem has appointed to fill existing vacancies: To be Judges of the High Court of Errors and Appeals of the State of Mississippi, E.G. Peyton, Thos. Shackelford, and E. Jefferd. The bark Maria Guisippina, from Genoa via Montevideo, arrived at San Francisco on Saturday. The crew mutinied during the voyage from Montevideo, and two sallors were killed by the first mate. A furious snow-storm set in at Toronto, on Monday morning, and continued with great violence until noon yesterday, blocking up all the railways. Trains which left Toronto on Monday are stuck in snowbanks a short distance from the city, The stockholders in the various railroads in the oil regions met in Philadelphia yesterday, and confirmed the contracts for the consolidation of the lines merged in the Warren and Franklin Railroad, Oil Creek Railroad, and Farmers' Railroad, all under the title of Oil Creek and Alleghany River Railroad.


Article from The Weekly Ottumwa Courier, March 5, 1868

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BANK FAILURE AT KEOKUK.-The 1 Keokuk Gate City of Saturday contains the following: Very intense excitement was created throughout Keokuk business circles yesterday morning by the announcement that the First National Bank had suspended. Quite a crowd collected in front of the Bank as soon as the rumor became current.It was too true. Amid the excitement and wild rumors consequent upon an event unexpected by the public, and deplorable, we can gather nothing definite enough to make an accurate showing of the real extent of the losses, and we prefer not to give currency to more rumors. It will be some time before the real condition of the Bank is known. An Inspector, appointed by the Government will come and settle its affairs. Then a showing of the Rank's liabilities, assets and operations can be made. It,appears that the stockholders will bo the largest loosers, and as the Bank has had a heavy deposit account, its liabilities must be proportionally large. What the amount of available resources on hand with which to meet the liabilities, can only be ascertained with reliable certainty by actual investigation of the affairs of the Bank. In the meana time we shall not incur the risk of misleading our readers, by giving publicity to unauthorized or ill founded statements of parties interested in behalf of the Bank or excited against it.


Article from Evening Star, March 7, 1868

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FAILURE OF NATIONAL BANKS.-The First National Bank of Bethel, Conn., has closed its doors. It ceases to be a public depository. The First National Bank of Keokuk, Iowa, has suspended business. The Governmentfunds have been withdrawn.


Article from The Daily Gate City, March 14, 1868

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Hitting his Friends. The financial circles of Keokuk, Iowa, and the surrounding neighborhood were agitated, last Thursday, by the failure of the First and the last National Bank of that village. The business of the bank was chiefly in St. Louis, where the losses are heaviest. Its balances were light, about the amount of an ordinary peanut stand. The First, and last, National of Keokuk made a statement in October, which laid every thing in the shade since the days of Aladin's lamp. Figures wont lie, but the officers of some National Banks will, which is all the same to depositors. This First, and last, National Bank belonged to a man named Love. His love for money extended to other people's as well as his own. He was one of those remarkable honest, and pre-eminently loyal and reliable men who are supposed to be equally competent to run a bank or a Sabbath school, and who are gen. erally appointed to be the guardians of orphan girls and to take care of other people's money. He went into the bank with lots of char. acter and little money; he comes out with lots of money, but his character transferred to the other side of the ledger. The country can bear the loss of the Keokuk bank, and may learn by the end of the twentieth century that such institutions are no better than they ought to be. That is the style in which that peripatetic Rebel sheet, the Memphis Avalanche, pitches into one of its northern friends. The Rebel editor's blunderbuss went off at half cock, of course, and hit B calf when he thought he was shooting a deer. He mistook Mr. Love, the President of the Bank, who is a sound and influential Copperhead, of Virginia extraction, anteesdents and principles, for a loyal Yankee Puritan and Sunday School Super intendent. Nothing could have been wider of the mark, however, and his com ments generally are as wide of the truth, RE his fundamental mistake in regard to the per sonal and political character of the Bank President. Like all his tribe he pitches into the Bank and its officers at random, and goes it blind in order to manufacture political capital. for which purpose falsehood answers a better purpose than truth, while it is at the same time more congenial to his tastes. The First National Bank is not the last National Bank of Keokuk. for we have a State National Bank which is as sound as the Bank of England, and enjoys the universal confidence of the community. The business of the First National Bank was not chiefly in St. Louis, nor are the losses of St. Louis by its failure either supeplatively heaviest or positively heavy. When the Avalanche traitor finds out that Love was one of the Northern friends of the rebel Democracy it will swear that he was a model man, and the victim of bis Republican associates.


Article from The Daily Gate City, August 15, 1868

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FIRST NATIONAL BANK.-The vault, counters, denks, chairs, stoves and all other fix tures in and belonging to the First National Bank, will be sold at public sale, at the Bank building, on Saturday next, at 10 o'clock a m. H. W. SAMPLE, Receiver. 14-2t August 13th, 1868.


Article from The Daily Gate City, September 1, 1868

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REAL ESTATE. Record of transfers conveying real estate within the townships of Jackson, Des Moines, Van Buren, Charleston, Montrose and west half of Jefferson, in "Half Breed tract," with date of transfer, placed on file for the week ending Saturday, Aug. 29. 1868: Aug. 22, 1868-Emily L. Gray to Nanoy E. Richards; lot 95, Rees' addition $35.00 to Kookuk, Aug. 22, 1868-Emily L. Gray to Mary A. Cobb; lot 96, Rees' addition to 35 00 Keokuk, March 23, 1868- D. B. Smith to Virginia W. Ivins; center 20 ft of lots 1, 150.00 2 and 3, block 68, Kookuk, May 8, 1868-David Akin et al., to W. A. Adair and J. B. Tineman, lot 8, $1000 00 block 196, Keokuk, Aug. 24, 1868-W. A. Adair and J. B. Tineman to Mary J. Adair; e hf lot 8, 600 00 block 196, Keokuk, Aug. 26, 1868-Lysander Meeker to 0. S. Conklin, 50 ft com 50 ft from front across lots 7, 8 and 9, block 17, Keo500 00 kuk, Det. 17, 1861-George S. C Dow to Eliza Davie; eighteen lots in Reid's ad10 00 dition to Keokuk, Q.C. D., Aug. 12, 1368-H. W. Sample, Receiver First National Bank, to R. H. Wyman: 20 ft com. 10 ft from e side of lot 8,000 00 10, block 28, Keokuk, Aug. 20, 1868--Wm. Wilson to John Bubner: pt of 3 W qr and n W qr sec 9, 500 00 tp 67, range 5, 38 acres, Aug. 26, 1868-Andrew Whitney to R, H. Gillmore; lot 9, block 24, Keokuk, 2050 00 A. J. MATHIAS, Deputy Recorder.


Article from The Daily Gate City, October 18, 1868

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First National Bank Affairs, TREASURY DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, October 13, 1868. DEAR SIRS: I am in receipt of your letter of the 9th inst., it having been handed 10 me by the Second Comptroller, to whom it was erroneously directed. The Receiver of the First National Bank of Keokuk has paid into the Treasury of the United States all the money he has collected from the assets of the Bank. This he is ob. liged to do by section 50 of the National Currency Act. The Comptroller of the Currency is required to make a ratable dividend of the moneys NO paid over to bim, on all such claims as may have been proved or adjudicated. I expect to sell the bonds held by the Treasurer of the United States, to secure the circulating notes of the Bank, about the 1st of November, when I hope to be able to add . considerable sum tothe assets of the Bank, from the margin, and the premium and interest on the bonds. As soon as possible after that I shall declare a dividend-probably by the 15th of November. Due notice, however, will be published. Very respectfully yours, M. R. HULBURD, Comptroller. Messrs. GILLMORE & ANDERSON, Keokuk, Iowa.


Article from The New York Herald, December 8, 1868

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THE CURRENCY. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER H. R. HULBURD. We have alrealy published abstracts of the important report of Hon. H. R. Hulburd, Comptroller of the Currency, and proceed to add those portions not heretofore given as we find them in the full report of the document:NATIONAL BANKS. Since the last annual report twelve national banks have been organized, of which five are new associations. One was organized to take the place of an existing State bank and six were organized to take the place of national banks previously organized but now in liquidation and winding up, making the total number organized up to October, 1685. From this number should be deducted fifty-six, leaving the number in active operation 1,629. The banks to be excluded are the following:Never Completed their Organization so as to Commence Business.-First National Bank of Lansing, Mich., No. 232; First National Bank of Penn Yan, N. Y., No. 169; Second National Bank of Canton, Ohio, No. 463; Second National Bank of Ottumwa, Iowa, No. 195. Superseded by Subsequent Organization with the Same Titles.-First National Bank of Norwich, Conn original No. 65, present No. 458; First National Bank of Utica, N. Y., original No. 120, present No. 1,895. In Voluntary Liquidation.-First National Bank of Columbia, Mo.; First National Bank of Carondelet, Mo.: National Union Bank of Rochester, N. Y.; National Bank of the Metropolis, Washington, D. C.; First National Bank of Leonardsville, N. Y.; Farmers' National Bank of Richmond, Va.; Farmers' National Bank of Waukesha, Wis.; City National Bank of Savannah, Ga.; National Bank of Crawford county, Meadville, Pa.; First National Bank of Elkhart, Ind.: First National Bank of New Ulm, Minn.; Pittston National Bank, Pa.: Berkshire National Bank of Adams, Mass.: Fourth National Bank of Indianapolis, Ind.; Kittaning National Bank, Kittanning, Pa.; First National Bank of Providence, Pa.: National State Bank of Dubuque, Iowa; Ohio National Bank or Cincinnati, Ohio. Since October 1, 1867-First National Bank of Kingston, N. Y.; First National Bank of Blufton, Ind.; First National Bank of Skaneateles, N. Y.; First National Bank of Jackson, Miss.; First National Bank of Downingtown, Pa.; National Exchange Bank of Richmond, Va.: Appleton National Bank of Appleton, Wis.; National Bank of Whitestown, N. Y.; First National Bank of New Brunswick, N.J.; First National Bank of Titusville, Pa.; First National Bank of Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio; First National Bank of Cedarburg, Wis.: Commercial National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio; Second National Bank of Watertown. N. Y.; Second National Bank of Des Moines. Iowa; First National Bank of South Worcester, N. Y.; National Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank of Albany, N. Y.; First National Bank of Plumer, Pa. or the banks in liquidation the following are winding up for the purpose of consolidating with other banks:-Pittston National Bank, Pittston. Pa., with the First National Bank of Pittston; Berkshire National Bank of Adams, Mass., with the First National Bank of Berkshire; Fourth National Bank of Indianapolis, Ind., with the Citizen's National Bank of Indianapolis; Kittanning National Bank, Kittanning, Pa., with the First National Bank of Kittanning; First National Bank of Providence, Pa., with the Second National Bank of Scranton, Pa.; National State Bank of Duouque, Iowa, with the First National Bank of Dubuque: Ohio National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio, with the Merchants' National Bank of Cincinnati: First National Bank of Titusville, Pa., with the Second National Bank of Titusville; National Ex change Bank of Richmond, Va., with the First National Bank of Richmond: Second National Bank of Watertown, N. Y., with the First National Bank of Watertown. The following banks in liquidation are succeeded by new organizations, which are to take their circulation as fast as it 18 redeemed, this being the only process by which a change of location can be effected:-First National Bank of Downingtown, Pa., succeeded by the First National Bank of Honeybrook, Pa.: First National Bank of New Brunswick, N. J., succeeded by the Princeton National Bank, Princeton. N. J.: Second National Bank of Des Moines, Iowa, succeeded by the Pacific National Bank of Council Bruds, Iowa: First National Bank or Plumer, Pa., succeeded by the First National Bank of Sharon, Pa. The following national banks have failed to redeem their circulating notes and receivers have been appointed for them:-First National Bank of Attica, N. Y., Leonidas Doty receiver: Venange National Bank of Franklin, Pa., Harvey Henderson. re. ceiver; Merchants' National Bank of Washington, D. C., James C. Kennedy receiver: First National Bank of Medina, N. Y., Edwin P. Healey receiver: Tennessee National Bank of Memphis, Tenn., Willliam A. Hill receiver; First National Bank of Newton, Newtonville, Mass., D. Wayland Jones receiver; First National Bank of Selma, Ala., Cornellus Cadle, Jr., receiver: First National Bank of New Orleans, La., Charles Case receiver; National Unadilla Bank, Unadilla, N. Y., Lewis Kingsley receiver; Farmers' and Citizens' National Bank of Brooklyn, N.Y., Frederick A. Platt receiver; Croton National Bank of the City of New York, C. P. Bailey receiver; National Bank of Vicksburg, Miss., Edwin F. Brown receiver: First National Bank of Keokuk, Iowa, H. W. Sample receiver; First National Bank of Betbel, Conn., E. 8. Tweedy receiver. The affaire of the Frest National