United States National Bank (Omaha, NE)

Episode Information

Episode UID
297801294
Episode Type
Suspension โ†’ Reopening
Bank Type
national
Bank ID
29780 national
Charter Number
2978
Start Date
October 28, 1907
Location
Omaha, Nebraska (41.259, -95.938)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
367a252c1a8d43e0

Response Measures

None

Description

Suspension was part of clearing-house currency restrictions tied to larger centers; exact reopening date for this bank is not explicitly stated.

Events (3)

1. June 14, 1883 Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2. October 28, 1907 Suspension
Cause
Correspondent
Cause Details
Clearing-house restriction and refusal of larger clearing houses (Chicago/Kansas City) to forward cash, leading Omaha banks to limit currency payments and issue clearing-house certificates.
Newspaper Excerpt
All national banks in Omaha ceased paying currency in more than $100 amounts
Source
newspapers
3. December 5, 1907 Reopening
Newspaper Excerpt
I rather believe that we will be paying depositors in full in cash if they desire it by December 5. โ€”V. B. Caldwell, United States National bank vice president
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (5)

Article from Bismarck Daily Tribune, October 29, 1907

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FINANCIAL CONDITIONS IMPROVING--CLEARING HOUSE CITIES ASSUMING NORMAL CONDITION Worst of the Crisis Is Over on Wall Street---Chicago Payrolls Kept Up--Fargo Banks Issue Certificates One Bank Failed in Kansas City Will Issue Certificates Fargo, N. D., Oct. 28-Banks of this city and of Moorhead, Minn., today deNEW RESERVES cided to issue clearing house certificates, beginning with tomorrow. PRESIDENT HAS CREATED FOUR Only One Bank Failed in Kansas City NEW BIRD AND ANIMAL REKansas City, Mo., Oct. 28-Outside SERVES ON PACIFIC COAST. of the failure of the Bankers Trust Company with deposits of $800,000 Washington, Oct. 28-The president there was no real trouble here today. has issued an executive order creatThis bank was considered the weakest institution of its kind here and its ing four new bird and animal reserves on the Pacific coast; one on the Three failure caused no surpise and hand no Arch Rock Reservation in Oregon and apparent effect upon the general situathe other three in Washington, on the tion. No other banks were affected, Flattery Rocks, Quillayute Needles and there were no runs on any of the and Cohalis Rock Reservations. Wardbanks or in Kansas City, Kansas. ens will be appointed by the departThe refusal of banks to restrict the ment of agriculture to supervise these e payments of currency caused but litreserves. The Shasta National Forthe embarrassments. All national banks est in California has been increased by in Omaha ceased paying currency in the adition of 87,000 acres in Siskiyou more than $100 amounts today and on county. 'S small accounts only 20 per cent of the amount on deposit will be paid for amounts above 20 per cent of the deposit for which clearing house certifin cates are issued. ELLENDALE The City Savings Bank, the only one in this city this morning took advantage of the sixty days clause and is not paying cash under any consideraWIPED OUT it tion. All state banks in Omaha have taken similar action to that of national nbanks. eFire Fiend Devastates Another More Reserve Than Required Topeka, Kan., Oct. 28-John Q. Royce, state bank commissioner, in a Dickey County Town statement issued tonight, says that practically every one of the 741 banks $35,000 Worth in Kansas is carrying fifty per cent more reserve than the law requires. Many banks are carrying fifty per Fire in Same Town Six Months Dcent of their deposits in cash. While it is only required that they carry Ago Destroyed $50,000 twenty per cent. It is not the fault of the bankers that reserves are so heavy Worth of Property but deposits within the last few if months have been SO great that it has dbeen impossible to loan money as fast Ellendale, N. D., Oct. 28-Fire broke as it came in. out in Ellendale early Sunday mornId Little Trouble in Windy City ing, and before it could be brought una Chicago, III., Oct. 28-Very little der control the flames had destroyed trouble was caused here today by the twelve business blocks at a total loss paction of the clearing house associaof $35,000. About $15,000 insurance tion in limiting the amount of money was carried on the insured property to be paid out by the banks No lives were lost. n, The flames started in a barn in the Business today was almost entirely rear of the Irwin hotel. The fire on the checking basis and was apparth ently normal in all directions. The spread to the hotel and the structure to was razed to the ground. In turn the banks adopted the rule of not paying 1e out currency in amounts greater than high wind carried burning cinders and Osparks to the livery barn, pool hall, $100 unless funds were required for payrolls. If depositors desired money general store and were only stopped at the office of the North Dakota Recin excess of $100 they were asked to take a cashier's check for the amount. ord at 6 o'clock Sunday morning. The volunteer fire department did In all savings banks the rule requiring legal notice was enforced if the splendid work in fighting the flames depositor wished to withdraw an and were ably assisted by the citizens of the town. The fire was the greatest amount greater than $100. The rule was elastic, however, and the banks disaster in the history of Ellendale P. and will be a hard blow to the town. imposed a hardship upon no one. About six months ago this city was Money desired for the payment of visited by a terrific fire which laid rent, insurance policies, or for neceswaste about $50,000 worth of property sary traveling was paid out promptly. ce and many of the business men had In cases where notes were to be paid, tly just recovered from that loss when the banks usually asked that the notes he their blocks were again destroyed yesbe presented to them for payment. terday. The only semblance of a run during he the day was at the Hibernian Savings Bank, where many depositors gave al notice during the day of their intenrs NO CURRENCY tion to withdraw. These notices in re the aggregate, however, were not of so sufficient amount to constitute a run. a NEBRASKA BANKING BOARD REAt one time the Hibernian Bank beFUSED TO SHIP CURRENCY, BUT came so crowded that it was found MAY HELP BANKS. ge. necessary to call upon the police headny quarters for additional aid in controlling lines of depositors who were inLincoln, Neb., Oct. 28-Secretary tent upon giving notice to the bank. Royce of the state banking board tobut there was no confusion worthy of day sent the following telegram to Nebraska bankers: the name and no excitement at any time. rst "Banks in clearing house cities of At the close of business for the day this state are refusing temporary to its all banks declared themselves at satship currency to outside points owing ent to like action of eastern clearing house isfied with the business of the day and WO were greatly pleased with the manner banks and for the present our city rein which the businessmen of the city banks are paying depositors limited tyhad met changed conditions. The beamounts in cash. The banking board in lief is expressed here that the method will render all possible aid to banks consistent with its duties." (Continued on page 8)


Article from The Mena Weekly Star, October 31, 1907

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THE WEST TAKES ACTION Clearing Houses of Various Busi. ness Centers to Issue Certificates to Members. MOVE MADE TO HOLD CURRENCY IN BANKS On Account of efusal of Kansas City and Chicago to Ship Currency to Country, all Banks in Oklahoma are Closed for one Week by Governor's Proclamation. Kansas City, Mo., Oct. 29.-The Kansas City Clearing House association in conference here Sunday night requested the Associated Press to send out the following statement to its country correspondents: "To the Bankers of the Southwest:"In view of the action taken by the clearing houses of New York, Chicago, St. Louis and other cities, in order to protect the business interests of Kansas City and the Southwest, the Kansas City Clearing House association will issue clearing house certificates as needed, and will require all payments to be made through the clearing house. "It suggests that banks make all payments by drafts payable through the clearing house only. "Kansas City Clearing House Ass'n." Bankers say this precautionary action was made necessary for the protection of local financial institutions because the same action had already been taken by the clearing houses of the larger cities of the East. The Bankers' Trust company closed its doors at 10 o'clock Monday morning. W. C. Irwin, assistant secretary of state, took charge and posted a notice on the front door making the announcement. The Bankers' Trust company had taken over the assets of the old City National bank. It has $200,000 in stocks of state banks in Missouri and Kansas and about $300.000 deposits from these banks. Its affairs were in such shape that the secretary of state had been watching it for a month. Chicago, Oct. 29.-Financiers and bankers of Chicago Sunday night looked forward with hopefulness to the probable continuance of the present financial solvency of Chicago banks and trust companies, basing their expectations on the protective measures taken by the clearing house association Saturday night in ordering the issuance of clearing house certificates and the putting in force of the legal notice that may be required for the withdrawal of of savings bank deposits. The Clearing House association neld a long meeting Sunday to discuss the possible developments in the present money stringency and to perfect details of the new plan adopted to ward off a possible scarcity of cash. Oklahoma City, Oct. 28.-On demand Oklahoma City, Oct. 29.-On demand Gov. Filson has issued a proclamation closing the banks of the territory for a week. The action was taken because the banks of Kansas City and St. Louis refused to forward cash to the banks of the southwest. It is said that a consultation of the bankers of Okla homa, Indian Territory, Arkansas and Northern Texas, by means of telephone, took place during the early hours Monday morning, and all have taken a similar action. There had been no uneasiness in this city and the bankers say the deposits last week were greater than at any previous week in the month. The closing is for the purpose of protecting the banks in case of a run. Since the banks here could not get cash Kansas City in case a run, considered the risk they from too carrying great. of The banks of this city are the small banks over have ritory. many of They arraigned to to this carry issue terhouse certificates have of the are clearing them The until banks conditions southwest improved. furbecause to move It was necessary to crop. ther mand embarrassed for cash the of get the cotton cash defrom the east to meet the demands. The refusal of those banks to forward cash caused the banks to take radical steps to protect themselves. Omaha, Neb., Oct. 29.-All national banks in Omaha ceased paying currency in more than $100 amounts Monand on small accounts 20 cent of the will be For only posit day morning per paid. amounts amount on house above de of deposits clearing are issued. satisfied with 20 certificates ness per men cent are Generally the certi- busified but the are over positors cheeck system, uneasy the situation. small only one deThe City Savings bank, the in of the 60 day vantage this city, Monday morning clause considera- took and ad is not paying cash under any tion. All state banks in Omaha have taken similar action to that of the national banks.


Article from Omaha Daily Bee, November 11, 1907

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PAYING DEPOSITORS IN CASH Two Country Banks that Are Not Dependent Upon Wall Street for Funds. That the country banks are not dependent on Wall street, J. Pierpont Morgan nor John D. Rockefeller is shown by the fact that some of them have resumed full currency payment, and as a result depositors are taking the money from the sugar bowl and family stocki 1g to place it in the country banks, when offer all kinds of money to customers when demanded. The Farmers and Merchants bank of Benson was one of the first to advertise that all checks would be paid in full. Last Thursday a card appeared which announced that when the bank opened Saturday everything would be paid in currency. A he bank made good. It was ready with silver, gold, greenbacks and national bank notes. Customers could have old money or new money in amounts only limited by what the customer had on deposit. As a result of the resumption of payment in currency the bank has received many hundred dollars more on deposit than it paid out Saturday. Another bank had a queer experience with the telegraph companies and paid out large amounts of cash before the president learned that the city banks had suspended currency payment. This was the Bank of Dakota City. Word sent to President Ayres did not reach him until two days after the banks of Omaha and Sioux City suspended and Mr. Ayers kept on cashing checks. When he learned that the city banks had suspended and he could not get currency which he night need, he made up his mind that his deposits would exceed the money drawn out, and adopted the policy of paying everything in cash. Mr. Ayers has had the same experience as the Farmers and Merchants bank of Benson and his deposits have increased steadily for the last two weeks. In Omaha the situation will remain unchanged possibly for the coming week. & hings are in the best of shape and no clearing house meetings have been nece3sary nor even contemplated, according to President Yates. Probably there will be no set date for the annuling of the clearing house rule. Gradually the banks will become more liberal with cash, and the cashiers' checks will disappear like torn bills as they are redeemed by the banks.


Article from Omaha Daily Bee, November 24, 1907

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Used Paper Only as Precaution Since Surrounding Towns Did. COULD EASILY PAY DEPOSITORS Such is Answer of Bankers to Letters Sent from Chicago. WHAT WILL CHICAGO DO ASKED Victor B. Caldwell Says New Issue of Hundred Million will Draw Out Hoarded Money Like a Magnet. "We would resume cash payments to all depositors today if we were assured that Chicago would resume December 1, said Vice President V. B. Caldwell of the United States National bank when his attention was called to the action of the Chicago Clearing house, which is writing to western banks to ascertain their sentiment. "I belleve this is the first united aotion toward putting an end to the resent condition of things. We have plenty of money and could pay off every depositor, but, of course, we could not presume to resume cash payments here while the rest of the country still paid in paper. But so large is our supply of cash that we could go on from now to December 1, as I have said, without help from Chicago if we were assured that on that date Chicago would resume payments. There is no part of the country so prosperous and so healthy as we.' A clerk stepped up at this point and Mr. Caldwell made a mark on a check. He turned it toward the reporter. It was for $30,000. You see," he said, "we are advancing a little money right along to the lines of business which require it the most. will Act Like a Magnet. "When this new issue of $100,000,000 comes on it will act as a magnet, drawing much of the hoarded money from hiding and it will go back to the government where it will be poured again freely into the channels of legitimate business. We have also nearly $80,000,000 more of gold in the country than we had before the flurry started. There is really more money in the United States now that there has been for years. "I rather believe that we will be paying depositors in full in cash if they desire it by December 5. I mention that date because by then the large bodies of money now being poured in will have time to be assimilated. To country banks we will be sending, not prodigal sums, but as much as they need.' Henry W. Yates, president of the Omaha Clearing House association, received one of the letters of the Chicago Clearing House association, but had not had time to consider the matter and decide on what reply to make. "But, as far as resuming cash payments, I'd know what to advise in a minute so far as Omaha is concerned,' he said. "I have contended and I still contend that we have not had a panic here. They've had a panic in some of the other parts of the country where they have been doing the wrong kind of banking and where too many people have been trying to get rich quick. An examination of the condition of our banks and the condition of all kinds of business show that in matters of finance we are par excellence. Must Have Co-Operation. "Of course we cannot resume cash payments without the co-operation of the other money centers. But if the cities from Chicago west resume these payments I believe we could get along without New York. We have the money here and have it all the time. Our advice to the Chicago Clearing House association on this matter will, I have no doubt, be to resume cash payments, though the carrying out of this plan will depend on the similar action of the other cities.' President J. H. Millard of the Omaha National bank, and President C. T. Kountze of the First National bank had not received the letters from Chicago, but they coincided with the opinion of others and said the resumption of full cash payments here is contingent only upon the action of other cities. Pay Cash at Syracuse. Judge I. F. Baxter is in receipt of a letter from his father, George Baxter of Syracuse, N. Y., in reply to an inquiry of the judge as to how the banks there were conducting affairs during this flurry. Mr. Baxter senior writes the banks are and have been all along paying currency, not having resorted to the cashier's check or clearing house certificate plan. "One bank," says Judge Baxter, "sayings bank at that, my father says, is running an advertisement that it has $2,500,000 for investment in real estate. This strikes me as a very remarkable thing."


Article from Omaha Daily Bee, December 6, 1907

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PAYING CASH KEPT DEPOSITS State Banks Come Through Flurry with Big Reserve. BRANDEIS AND HAYDEN PAY CASH Depositors Got Real Money When They Wanted it and Neither Deposits Nor Reserves Have Been Affected. State banks of Omaha, which have paid cash in full to depositors presenting checks since the clearing house banks of Omaha decided to suspend full cash payment and issue cashiers' checks, have come through the weeks of the flurry since October 27 with flying colors, as shown by statements issued to the State Banking board Thursday. Notable among the reports of the banks of Omaha is that of J. L. Brandeis & Sons, bankers. This bank has advertised widely in newspapers and street cars that it would pay depositors money and not cashier's checks "when they want it." It has also taken care of many pay checks drawn on other banks, and the Saturday preceding the date when the lid went on the bank recelved more than $17,000 in pay checks drawn on other banks. Reserves Are Large. By the statement it is neticed that the bank has deposits of $621,042 and a cash reserve or $189,868. The reserve is equal to 30 per cent of its deposits, though the legal reserve for state banks is but 20 per cent. The Brandels bank has $63,660 more cash than is required by law. The statement made Thursday compared with the statement of the bank November 30, 1906, follows: