State National Bank (Denver, CO)

View Charter #2694 on SPMC View balance sheet

Episode Information

Episode UID
269401123
Episode Type
Run → Suspension → Reopening
Bank Type
national
Bank ID
26940 national
Charter Number
2694
Start Date
July 18, 1893
Location
Denver, Colorado (39.739, -104.985)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
59f03eb7348cf2e3

Response Measures

Accommodated withdrawals, Borrowed from banks or large institutions, Fed/other loan, Public signal of financial health, Capital injected, Partial suspension, Full suspension, Books examined

Clearinghouse involved: Yes (loan, examination, or other measures)

Receivership Details

Date receivership started
1895-08-24
OCC cause of failure
Losses

Events (8)
1. May 16, 1882 Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2. July 18, 1893 Run
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
Depositor panic triggered by closures/suspensions of other Denver banks and heavy withdrawals citywide during the July 1893 crisis.
Measures
Paid out heavy small withdrawals; demanded time certificates remain until maturity.
Newspaper Excerpt
At the State national bank quite a run is in progress.
Source
newspapers
3. July 19, 1893 Suspension
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
Bank closed/failed to open because of inability to raise ready cash amid citywide runs and the suspension of other clearinghouse banks.
Newspaper Excerpt
Owing to inability to provide funds to meet the extraordinary run, the directors have decided to close temporarily
Source
newspapers
4. August 31, 1893 Reopening
Newspaper Excerpt
The State National bank ... opened its doors again this morning.
Source
newspapers
5. July 28, 1894 Voluntary Liquidation
Source
historical_nic
6. August 24, 1895 Receivership
Source
historical_nic
7. February 1, 1896 Restored To Solvency
Source
historical_nic
8. February 1, 1896 Voluntary Liquidation
Source
historical_nic

Newspaper Articles (24)
1. July 16, 1893 Tombstone Epitaph Tombstone, AZ
Article from Tombstone Epitaph, July 16, 1893

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IZONA. SUNDAY, JULY 2: ge NEWS BY WIRD it me Great numbers of Mexican parrd Ve are being imported through Lare itfor sale at the World's Fair. er One thousand negro men were p e ; on the cars at Birmingham last nigi efand started for Kansas to take tl by, place of the striking miners. ket Several attachments were issue old last evening against Denver busine ily houses, the principal ones being th silRoberts Hardware company and th ind Livermore Wayne Lunber Co. in a the The Kansas Bi-metallic convention wo convened at Topeka yesterday after ennoon in representative hall with SEV nd eral hundred delegates in attendance Dy There will be no more bank failure to in Denver. The panic wore itself ou are yesterday with the failure of the Pec We ple's, German and State National in banks. This morning when the Firs me Colorado. Denver, City and America kopened their doors there was hardly It dozen customers in all of them at th use paying tellers' windows. bly Information has been received fror ue Pekin to the eff ct that China ha taken measures to support Sia: against the French, Siam has fc fer many years paid tribute to China. bu ur only as a matter of usage or conver ience, and it is now apparent the ilt China is determined to assist th :Siamese against the French encroach as ments upon their territory. as A conservative estimate of the me be discharged by railwave, mines, busi at ness houses and factories since th of silver panic started places the number in at from 12,600 to 15,000. It is als Irestimated that Colorado, Utah, Mon ty tana and New Mexico merchanti by have countermanded orders on Nev d York wholesale houses for goods dur. flu ing this time amounting to over 1e $12,000. e. The Santa Fe management he a just unearthed extensive frauds of d that division of the road included be :tween Topeka and Chicago, Th ly frauda, it is said, have resulted in se loss to the road of $17,000 a month 1The conspiracy is far reaching in i h ramifications and includes, it is said of various officiale, from assistants to th division superintendents, down to th section bosses.

2. July 18, 1893 Deseret Evening News Salt Lake City, UT
Article from Deseret Evening News, July 18, 1893

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tion to draw upon,making It im possible to close their doore. The Colorado National and several others were equally good. The peo+ ple withdrawing their money were all small depositors. The banks are paying all demands except those on time certificates, demanding these to remain till the expiration of the time. President J. A. Thatcher of the clearinghouse saye: am confident that today will see the worst of this, and people will come to their senses. At a meeting of the clearinghouse last night we decided that we could not help the banks, and 10 some of them have gone to the wall. All of them, believe, have ample security to protect all their depositore, but unfortunately at this time cash and not security is what the majority of the people is clamoring for. At the State national bank quite a run is in progress. The officers appear to be in the best humor land say they are confident that they can weather the storm. Upt to noon everything was quiet at the Col rado national. It understood that half 11 million in gold was received there just before the doors opened this morning. Quite a crowd of people are about the doors of the Denver Na. tions. It was rumored that a run W&F in progress there but it was soon learned that the men of the Union Pacific employee were simply getting checks cashed fo the last month's work. "This bank is closed by orders of the board of directors," is a notice posted every entrance to the National Bank of Commerce. The officers inside refuse admission to outsiders. The condition of this bank is not known as it did not print a statement yesterday as was done by almost all the other banks. Joh H. Hanna of the City National said that they were in as good condition anybody. Hanna hopes to be able to control enough deposits to tide over. Several of the principal depositors made large deposits this morning. Some who owe the bank in the shape of notes but have cash deposits had payment refused on their checks. Liabilities subject to check are $559,808. Of this the officials control nearly two-thirds, 80 that the cash on hand, amounting to $333,338, will meet the demands of the email depositors. The Union National closed its doors this morning. and a notice was posted explaining that the bank had paid out B million dollars to the depositors in the last few weeks. It had realized on securities as rapidly as possibly but not fast enough. It has $1,600,000 in securities and owes approx. imately half a million. It is thought it will be able to realize on the securities when all the depositors will be paid in full. It expects to open again soon. The bank's resources ed sist of loans and discount, $1,622,689 and United States bonds to secure a circulation of hundred fifty thousand; cash and exchange $147,568; overdrafts $32,078; deposits $583,558. Due other nationnal banks $14,098; state bank $29,809; paper outstanding $170,000. President Wood. bury thinks it will reopen. The Commercial National closed its doors when it became evident from the size of the crowd outside that a run was to be inaugurated and a notice was posted: "Closed for liquidation, by the order of the board of directors." It has a capital stock of a quarter of a million, but only $2000 cash on hand. At the American National the small dei ositors who are not numerous made a run. The bank has a million capital and deals largely with men who handle big sume. The following are the first reports received: PANIC IN DENVER. DENVER, July 18.-The Union Na. tional bank has failed. It has a capital of $1,000,000. There is no statement yet. A run is now being made on the City National, German National, First National, Colorado National and all A eleven clearing house banks. panic ison. Later-The Commercial National has closed its doors. A notice on the doors saye: "This bank has gone into liquidation by order of the board of directors." The National Bank of Commerce has closed its doors. Ex.Governor J. A. Cooper is president of this bank.

3. July 19, 1893 The Indianapolis Journal Indianapolis, IN
Article from The Indianapolis Journal, July 19, 1893

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This bank closed by order of the! board of drectors. Those inside were forced into the street with curses on their lips, while those outside raved about the doors. attracting a crowd that extended far down the thoroughfare. People began to ask when would it all end, when they learned that the Mercantile Bank. recently incorporated with a capital stock of $100,000. and located in the Mining Exchange Building, had closed its doors, with W. F. Robinson as assignee. C. E. Gard, the present city auditor. is the president of the bank, and the directors of the concern were considered as being among Denver's most substantial business men. The suspension of payment here was brought about by the closing of the Union National Bank, through which the Mercantile had made clearances. It was stated that the bank's depositors will receive every dollar due them. This bank had been in operation only a few months and had comparatively few depositors. RUNS ON THE OTHER BANKS. At the Colorado National there was no run at all. The City National officials an. nounced after the run that they had paid out about $30,000 more than what had come in., At the same hour, nearly. the run was stopped at the First National. The officials said not more than $10,000 was paid out above receipts. At the State National all those standing in line were inside the doors at o'clook. and it was estimated that $100,000 had been paid out. The run was practically broken at 2 o'clock. At the German National there Was a long line reaching far out on the sidewalk, but not a business man was seen in the line. At 2:15 the crowd was still in line. but many were tiring and droppingout. About $70.000 had been paid ent, mostly in small amounts. The run was still on at 3 P. M., the regular closing hour. A run was re. ported on the Deaver National, but 16 proved a mistake. The crowd was composed of the Union Pacific employes and others from the Grant smelter with their checks. There was no run. The City National Bank met all demands and exPresident Barth said if the depositors wanted to keep the run up for the next two months, the bank would still be meeting demands on presentation. At the Denver Savings Bank, the only savings bank now open. there was a run in the morning which was over by noon. It refused to pay out, taking advantage of the time loan limit. The excitement and demand on the banks after money continued unabated until about 2 o'clock, when it almost entirely ubaided at all the banks except the Utab State National and the German National. where the line of depositors seemed to increase instead of diminish. This bank is said to have a special train on the way from Kansas City bearing $490,000

4. July 19, 1893 Rock Island Daily Argus Rock Island, IL
Article from Rock Island Daily Argus, July 19, 1893

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SEVEN OF 'EM NOW. Four More Denver Banks Suspend Their Business. OTHERS HAVE TO WITHSTAND RUNS. All To Be Able to Pay Their LiaBut Need Time to bilities, Claim Raise in Trade the Cash-An Epidemic of Failures Goods Firm Goes -Big Dry Under-A ClosesBank at Fort Scott. Kansas, Chicago Chemical Not to Resume. DENVER, July 19.-Three national banks -the Union National, the Commercial National, and the Bank of Commerce-have closed their doors owing to the heavy demands of excited depositors. The Mercantile bank, a small private institution doing business in the Mining Exchange building, also suspended owing to the close of the Union bank, through which its clearances were made. The suspension of three savings banks Monday so alarmed the community that at the hour for opening the banks crowds had gathered in front of nearly all the financial institutions. At the German and City National banks the run was heavy, although the First National, the People's, and one or two others felt the unusual pressure to some extent. First Concern to Shut Down. The streets were full of people discussing the situation. It was an orderly crowd, however, and there was much sensible and conservative talk. The run on the People's bank soon exhausted itself and by 11 o'clock affairs had resumed their normal condition. At the City National the run was over by 1 o'clock and at the other banks except the German the excitement was all over by noon. At the German National the crowd kept in line in front of the teller's window all the afternoon. A few minutes before 10 o'clock there was posted on the front and side doors of the Union National bank a notice signed by R. W. Woodbury, president, announcing that the Union National bank was in the hands of the comptroller of the currency: that it had paid to depositors in round numbers $1,000,000 in the past month and had $1,600,000 in assets to meet remaining liabilities, which amount to about $500,000. and that if promises to the bank were kept it would reopen in a few days. At Two of the Other Banks. The Commercial National did not open its doors at all, preferring to avoid the inevitable run. This notice was posted: "This bank has gone into liquidation by order of the board of directors." At the National Bank of Commerce there was a long line at the window of the paying teller within a minute of the time the doors were unlocked at 10 o'clock. A great rack of gold coin was at the teller's hand and for thirty minutes he passed out the money as fast as cheeks were presented. But at 10:30 a notice was hung at each of the doors reading as follows: "This bank is closed. By order of the board of directors." The Fourth to Lay Down. The Mercantile bank, recently incorporated with a capital stock of $100,000, and located in the Mining Exchange building, also closed its doors with W. F. Robinson as assignee. C. E. Gird, the present city auditor, is the president of the bank, and the directors of the concern are considered as being among Denver's most substantial business men. The suspension of payment was brought about by the closing of the Union National bank, through which the Mercantile had made clearances. It is confidently stated that the bank's depositors will receive every dollar due them. This bank had been in operation only a few months, and had comparatively few deposits, consequently its suspension caused very little excitement. Where Runs Were Withstood. The City National paid out about $30,000 and the run stopped, while at the First National $20,000 sufficed to satisfy depositors. At the State National the run was broken after $100,000 were paid out. The German National paid out $70,000 up to the closing hour and the run was still on. At the Denver Saving bank there was a run in the morning but it stopped at noon, no money being paid out, as the bank demanded the legal notice.

5. July 20, 1893 San Antonio Daily Light San Antonio, TX
Article from San Antonio Daily Light, July 20, 1893

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STILL SHAKEY At Denver, Although the Report Says it Looks Better. DENVER, Col., July 20.-There will apparently be no more bank failures in Denver. The panic wore itself out yesterday with the failure of the People's, German and State National banks. This morning when the Colorado, Denver City and American National banks opened their doors, there was hardly a dozen depositors in all of them at the paying tellers' windows. At the First and Colorado National banks a long string of depositors reaching nearly to the street were lined up in front of the receiving teller's window, and money was going back into the bank's vaults, almost as rapidly as it was withdrawn during the past three days. The German, State and People's National banks could pay three for one, if they could only realize on securities. There may be a few commercial failures in the city within the next few days as a result of the suspension of banks, but it is believed, that in no instance, whether banking or commercial house, will failure be complete and `resumption of business will surely follow shortly. It is stated today that the McNamara Dry Goods House, which failed Monday for $260,000, have settled with their principal creditors, and will resume business Monday.

6. July 20, 1893 The Daily Morning Astorian Astoria, OR
Article from The Daily Morning Astorian, July 20, 1893

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CURRENT CURRENCY COMMENT A Regular Monkey and Parrot Time in Denver. SENATOR TELLER'S LATEST TALK A Nephew of Leland Stanford Turns up in Idaho-Married to Suit Himself. Associated Press. Denver, July 19.-The panic in this city was resumed this morning with renewed vigor, and as a result the Old German National bank, with a reputation for stability of twenty years' standing, the equally reputable State National, and extremely strong Peoples' National, failed this morning. All night depositors stood in line in front of the German National, and by 9 o'clock there was a long sea of faces stretching down the street. At the opposite corner, where the State National has so long done business, was also a crowd of anxious depositors, Here people were relieved of doubts, when at 9 o'clock a notice was posted on the doors that the bank would not open, owing to the lack of ready cash At the German National, just before opening time, a notice was posted on the (window stating that the doors would be closed temporarily. This notice caused a distressing scene. Men and women down the long line, broke out in tears and wailing. A run on all the remaining banks in the city was renewed. Reliable people, however, say there will be no more suspensions. Bank Examiner Adams this morning took charge of the Union National, Commercial National, National Bank of Commerce, State National andGerman National banks. A number of minor commercial concerns went under today, The run on the Denver National is over, with plenty of money still in sight. The same is true of the City and all the other unfailed banks. Business men are beginning to breath more freely. Washington, July 19.-The comptroller of Currency has been advised that the Hutchinson National Bank of Hutchinson, Kan., has failed. Topeka, Kan, July 19.-The state bank commissioner has been informed of the failure of the State Bank of Parker, and Woodson's State Bank, of Yates Center. Both were small concerns. Washington, July 19.-The comptroller of currency is informed of the failure of the Bozeman National Bank, of Bozeman, Mont. Brooklyn, July 19.-The large carpet house of Hardenburg & Co. has assigned.

7. July 20, 1893 Waterbury Evening Democrat Waterbury, CT
Article from Waterbury Evening Democrat, July 20, 1893

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ANOTHER DAY OF PANIC. Many Denver Business Firms Go Down In the Crash. THINK THE BANK RUNS ARE OVER. Now Six National Banks of Denver Are Closed, but All Claim That They Will Resume-The Situation In Kansas a Lit. tle Better-Results Are Far Reaching. DENVER. July 20.-The timorous feeling among depositors in the Denver banks, which has resulted in closing a number of these institutions this week, seems at last to have reached its limit, and the people are now stopping to think, with the result that more money is being deposited than is withdrawn. The German, State and People's national banks closed their doors in order to forestall the heavy demands that it was evident would be made. As soon as the action had been taken, depositors in other banks seemed to take new courage, and during the day the talk on the streets was much more conservative and rational. The fivenational banks that are still open for business showed no signs of any unusual excitement among their patrons. Indeed, their banking houses were quieter than on many days during ordinary times, and everybody seems to feel that the end of the unjustifiable excitement has been reached. The run which was started on the First National bank was completely broken, and quiet was restored. The run was caused principally by those who were near at hand when notices declaring the suspension of the German and State National were posted. These people at once became panic stricken, although the remarkably strong condition of the First National is a matter of common knowledge. Around the Denver National, Colorado National, American National and City National banks all was quiet. There were very few calls for money, and a few of those who had withdrawn their money from the suspended banks were depositing in the banks that yet remained open. Among the officers of the banks which were open for business the expression was unanimous that the flurry was at an end, and that the people would now see the folly of their action in forcing a suspension of the banking institutions by all withdrawing their deposits at once and taking from circulation all the money that would ordinarily flow through the regular channels and help in sustaining the business public and the banks. The suspended banks all had much more than enough money to be considered a perfectly safe guaranty in ordinary circumstances and with business at its normal condition would have laughed at the idea of run. Business Firms Go Down. The Tucker Shirt and Furnishing company, Sixteenth street, assigned to Charles H. Burpie. Assets. $35,000, and liabilities $13,000. The Hallack-Sayre Newton Lumber company assigned to Frederick F. Sayre as a result of the closing of the State National bank. The Blake Lumber company assigned to Emmet B. Annis. The Palace drug store, Sixteenth and Curtis streets, made an assignment to F. F. Sayre. J. H. Naylor. a furniture dealer on Fifteenth street, assigned to Simon T. Horn. y The Stanley Shoe company attached the Union Clothing company. An assignment was made by the People's Coal company to John O'Neill. S Goldhammer & Weiss, saloon and restaurant keepers on Larimer street, were closed on d chattel mortgage. 8 August Werhle, jeweler, assigned to Otto d Schneider. The Harrison Hannahs, millinery store, Fif n teenth and Welton streets, assigned to Wil d liam F. Sherry. 1. Demange & Co., dealers in gentlemen's fur nishing goods. made an assignment to A E. Demange. e Silas B. Jacobs. gentlemen's furnishing goods on Seventeenth street, near Curtis, assigned F.J. White. The Denver. Lakewood and Golden Railroad e company has been sued by the General Electric company for $5,705.05, and a writ of at is tachment was issued out of the district court 1The Denver failures have affected other d Colorado points. At Aspen the Wheeler KBanking company, the pioneer bank of the city, closed its doors. 1At Loveland, Colo., the bank of s; land closed. Its assets will largely exceed ithe liabilities. S. At Sterling, Colo., the bank of Sterling closed. No schedule filed. t run was made on the First National r bank at Aspen, and the greatest excite of ment prevailed. One thousand people were n in line when the bank closed for the day.

8. July 20, 1893 Rock Island Daily Argus Rock Island, IL
Article from Rock Island Daily Argus, July 20, 1893

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DENVER RELIEVED That There Are But Fèw Banks Left to Suspend, AND THEY ARE ABOVE SUSPICION. Four or Five More Close Their Doors, but Insist That They Can Pay Every Dollar If Not Subjected to Absurd Runs-Some More Tradesmen Collide With Empty Exchequers-A Sort of Cyclone of Liquidation Raging Out West. DENVER, July 20.-The timorous feeling among depositors in the Denver banks, which has resulted in the closing of a number of these institutions this week, seems at last to have reached its limit and the people are now stopping to think, with the result that more money is being deposited than is being withdrawn. During the day talk on the streets was much more conservative and rational. During the afternoon the five national banks that are still open for business showed no signs of any unusual excitement among their patrons. Indeed, their banking houses were quieter than on many days during ordinary times, and everybody seems to feel that the end of the wholly unjustifiable excitement has been reached. Three More Bank Suspensions. The German, People's and State National banks suspended payment and closed their doors in the morning. The German and State banks did not open at all, posting notices just before 10 o'clock announcing the suspension. The People's bank was open for half an hour, but when the closing of the two other institutions became known the directors thought it best to close without further delay. Depositors in the German bank gathered in line early in the morning and the crowd grew SO formidable before 10 o'clock that the officials saw that it would be useless to attempt to meet all demands. A smaller crowd gathered at the State with the same result. The bank posted a notice declar-> ing that it was perfectly solvent, but unable to provide funds to meet the extraordinary run. Working People Were Waiting. Those who were waiting to withdraw their money from the German National were the smaller depositors, mostly workingmen and women who had deposited their entire savings in the bank and were naturally excited. The absence of business men from the line was a noticeable feature. Some of those who were there had arrived as early as 6 o'clock, and from that hour on to the time of opening the line continued to lengthen. When=the notice was posted announcing the suspension there was a general stampede for the doors, all being anxious to read the announcement, but there was no show of hostile demonstration on the part of the assembled depositors, and the police officers who had been posted there to keep order had little trouble in disposing of the crowd. Despite the naturally trying condition of things the people were remarkably cool, and aside from one or two women who broke into tears when they learned that the bank would not open there was little display of

9. July 20, 1893 The Waco Evening News Waco, TX
Article from The Waco Evening News, July 20, 1893

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FAILURE OF DENVER BANKS. The Panic is Ended and no More Failures Expected. By Associated Press to the News. DENVER, July 30.-There will apparently be no more bank failures in Denver. The panic wore itself out yesterday with the failure of the People's, the German and the State National banks. This morning when the First, Colorado, Denver City and American National banks opened their doors there was hardly a dozen depositors in all of them at the paying tellers' windows. In the First and Colorado National banks a long string of depositors, reaching nearly to the street, were lined up in front of the receiving tellers' windows, and money was going back into bank vaults almost as rapidly as it was withdrawn du ring the last three days. The German, State and People's National banks could pay three dollars for one if they could realize on securities. There may be a few commercial failures in the city within the next few days as the result of the suspension of the banks, but it is believed that in no instance, whether a banking or commercial house, will the failure be complete and the re. sumption of business will surely fol!ow shortly. It is stated today that the MeNamars dry goods house, which failed Monday for $260,000 have settled with their principle creditors and will resume business Monday.

10. July 20, 1893 Evening Star Washington, DC
Article from Evening Star, July 20, 1893

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AFFAIRS OF BANKS. A Better Condition of Things Reported From the West. DENVER, Col., July 20.-There may be no more bank failures in Denver. The panic wore itself out yesterday with the failure of the People's, German, and State national banks. This morning when the First, Colorado, Denver, City and American national banks opened their doors there was hardly a dozen depositors in all of them at the paying tellers' windows. In the First and Colorado nationals a long string of depositors reaching nearly to the street were lined up in front of the receiving teller's windows and the money was going back into the bank vaults almost as rapidly as it was withdrawn during the past three days. The German. State, and People's nationals could pay $3 for $1 if they could realize on securities. There may be a few commercial failures in the city within the next few days as a result of the suspension of banks, but it is believed that in no instance, whether a banking or commercial house, will the failure be complete, and that resumption of business will surely follow shortly. It is stated today that the McNamara drv goods house which failed Monday for $260,000 have settled with their principal creditors and will resume business Mondav. The cheering news from Washington has had a wonderful effect upon Denver this morning. The dispatch from Controller of the Currency Eckels. to the effect that he would give every posssible aid to the banks of this city, is applauded on every side. Bank Examiner Adams, to whom the telegram was addressed, is besieged by excited people anxious to hear a confirmation of the good report and get an expression from him. Mr. Eckels comments on the foolish course of those Denver citizens who had lost confidence in the banks, are looked upon in a most righteous light. The newspapers are running off extras announcing the news and already things begin to wear a bright aspect. SAN BERNARDINO. CAL., July 20.-The national bank examiners who have been looking into the affairs of the First National Bank of this city have made a report to Controller Eckels, recommending that the bank be allowed to open at once. They state they found the affairs of the bank in good condition. PEORIA, ILL, July 20.-All fears of trouble at the banks as a consequence of the failure of Oberhauser's private bank Saturday have died away. Preparations have been made to stand any possible run, but none materialized. All the savings banks have now taken advantage of the sixty day notice clause governing withdrawals. Nashua, N. H., July 20.-The Security Trust Company closed its doors this morning. The bank has not met with losses. but stopped business on account of the withdrawal of deposits. The treasurer states that the bank will be able to pay all depositors in full. It has capital and surplus amounting to $250,000, which must be paid out before loss can come to the depositors. DENVER, CoL., July 20.-The First National Banks at Canon City and Grand Junction, this state, failed to open their doors this morning. It is probable the failures were caused by the suspension of the Denver banks. The New York Banks in Good Condition. NEW YORK, July 20.-Charles M. Preston, state bank examiner, was in this city yesterday. He spent most of the day in Wall street. calling upon a number of the bankers, with whom he discussed, informally, the condition of the banks in this city and state. "The banks of this state," he said, "generally are in good condition. anticipate no failures. The last report from those that come within my jurisdiction was on June 1, and the general average of the banks was sound at that time. Partial reports received since that time show no change. I do not think any of the banks need my attention. with the exception of the two or three which ceased to do business a month or 80 ago. So far as my examination goes, all the banks are abundantly secured, and the only possibility of trouble might come from a run at some particular time when there was 8 lack of ready cash. The banks are holding as much cash as possible. Depositors have no difficulty in getting their money when they want it. The bankers of this city are deserving of great praise for the promptness with which they sent money to Chicago when there were threats of a crash among the banks there. About $8,000,000 were sent and that action probably saved serious trouble in that city. Had the New York banks not done this a panic in Chicago might have occured."

11. July 20, 1893 St. Paul Daily Globe Saint Paul, MN
Article from St. Paul Daily Globe, July 20, 1893

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DENVER, July 19.-The timerous feeling among the depositors in the Denver banks which has resulted in the closing of a number of these institutions in the past week seems at last to have reached its limit and the people are stopping to think, with the result that more money is being deposited than is being withdrawn. The German, State and People's national banks closed their doors early this morning, in order to forestall the heavy demands that it was evident would be made. As soon as this action had been taken, depositors in other banks seemed to take new courage, and during the day talk on the streets was much more conservative and rational. During the afternoon the five national banks that are still open for business showed no signs of any unusnal excitement among their patrons. Indeed, their banking houses were quieter than on many days during ordinary times, and everybody seemed to feel that the end of the wholly unjustifiable excitement has been reached. The German, People's and State national banks suspended payment and closed their doors this morning. The German and State banks did not open at all, posting notices just before 10 o'clock announcing their suspension. The People's bank was open for half an hour. but when the closing of the two other institutions became known the directors thought it best to close without further delay. Depositors in the German bank gathered in line early in the morning. and the crowd grew SO formidable before 10 o'clock that the officials saw it would be useless to attempt to Meet All Demands. A smaller crowd gathered at the State with the same result. There were probably thirty depositors in line at the State national bank at 9:30 o'clock this morning. waiting the time for opening the bank's doors. At that hour the following notice was posted at the main entrance to the bank: "Owing to inability to provide funds to meet the extraordinary run, the airectors have decided to close temporarily, but the bank is not insolvent. -We have ample funds to pay everybody." The statement was without signature. It was latter emphatically endorsed by the management of the bank when seen by a United Press reporter. The notice caused some contusion among the few depositors who had already formed a line, and it also caused a large number who had been attracted to the corner of Sixteenth and Larimor streets out of mere curiosity to scramble for a position near enough the door to read the notice. The posting of this notice naturally caused a flurry of excitement to run along the line of depositors who had gathered around the German National bank, and there was a noticeable closing of those in line, each trying to get as near the door as possible. Apparently, however, those who were awaiting to withdraw their money from the German National were the smallest depositors, mostly workingmen and women who had deposited Their Entire Savings in the bank and were naturally excited. The absence of business men from the line was'a noticeable feature. Some of those who were there had arrived at 'clock, and from that hour on until the time of opening the line continued to lengthen until at a few minutes before 10 o'clock it reached from the front. of the bank on arinre

12. July 21, 1893 The Portland Daily Press Portland, ME
Article from The Portland Daily Press, July 21, 1893

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Panic Over in Denver. DENVER, Col., July 20. - There will apparently be no more bank failures in Denver. The panic wore itself out yesterday with the failure of the People's, German and State National Banks. This morning when the First, Colorado, Denver, City and American Nationals opened their doors there was hardly a dozen depositors in all of them at the paying teller's windows. In the First and Colorado Nationals a long string of depositors reaching nearly to the street were lined up in front of the receiving tellers' windows, and the money was going back into the bank vaults almost as rapidly as it was withdrawn during the past three days. The German, State and People's Nationals could pay $3 for $1 if There they could realize on securities. may be a few commercial fallures in the city within the next few days, as a result of the of banks, but it is believed that in no instance, a or a commercial failure be and banking suspension complete, that house, resumption whether will the of business will surely follow shortly. It is stated today that the McNamara dry goods house, which failed Monday for $260,000, have settled with their principal creditors and will resume business on Monday. Run On Banks in Greeley, Col. GREELEY, Col., July 20.-The Union Bank closed its doors at 1p. m. yesterday, and half an hour later the Greeley National pulled down its blinds and turned the key in its door. The Union's statement says that owing to the suspen sion of certain Denver National banks, which had on deposit several thousand dollars of its money, and the fact that there was a steady withdrawal of deposits, about $80,000 in the past 90 days, they were compelled to suspend business. They say their liabilities are about $100,000, with assets and paid up capital $300,000. As soon as the fact of the suspension ot these banks became known a steady run was made on the First National, but it continued to honor all checks and drafts, and even after the regular closing hours cashed two checks presented. On Change in Gotham. NEW YORK, July 20.-There was a sensational decline in general electric securities in the stock exchange after midday. The stocks broke 46 1-2, against 55 3-4 early, the debenture fives sold down to 74 regular. The stock| 1 is absolutely without support and the same crowd in the stock exchange which has been prominent in breaking the stock from 100 down, were conspicuous in today's movement. There were heavy liquidations, holders being unable to stand the pressure any longer. One report was that the company had lost a suit at the West, involving an incandescent lamp patent. Other rumors affeeting the property were of a highly sensational character and up to a late hour this afternoon had not been traced to any authentic source. New Hampshire Bank Enjoined. FARMINGTON, N. H., July 20.-The Farmington Savings bank was enjoined from doing business this afternoon upon the petition of the bank commissioners because of the inability of the institution to realize on its assets, the uneasiness of depositors caused by losses on investments and to prevent a run on the bank. This Plant Cost $1,000,000. SAN FRANCISCO, July 20.-Attachments aggregating several thousand dollars have been filed against the Union Stock Yards company whose packing establishment is at Rodoe, Contra Costa county. The immense,plant, it is said, has practically shut down. The plant cost $1,000,000 and was started May 15. Money Is Tight and the Distillery Closed. FRANKFORT, N. Y., July 20.-A sensation was caused in business circles here today by the assignment of Col. E. H. The Taylor, Jr.. the famous distiller. liabilities are not given out. It is said they are far exceeded by assets. The tightness of the money market caured the assignment.

13. July 21, 1893 Fort Worth Gazette Fort Worth, TX
Article from Fort Worth Gazette, July 21, 1893

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BUSINESS. DENVER, Colo., July 20.-There will reparently be no more bank failures in Denver, The panic wore itself out yesterday with the failure of the Peoples', German and State National banks. This morning when the First Colorado, Denver City and American National banks opened their doors there was hardly a dozen depositors in all of them at the paying tellers' windows. The First and Colorado Nationals a long string of depositors reaching nearly to the street were lined up in front of the receiving tellers' windows, and money was given back to the bank almost as rapidly as It was withdrawn during the past three days. The German, State and Peoples' Nationals could pay three for one, if they could realize on securities. There may be a few commercial failures in the city within the next few days as a result of the suspension of the banks, but it is believed in no instarce, whether banking or commercial house, will the failure be complete, and a resumption of business will surely follow short! It is stated to-day that McNamara's dry goods house, which failed Monday for $20,000 has settled with their principal creditors and will resume business Monday. In speaking of the financial condition in Denver to-day, D. H. Moffatt, president of the First National bank, sald: "Five National banks are absolutely all right and perfectly able to pay every dollar of their deposits and still continue business. The only person who will have trouble from this time on are those who caused their money to be locked up in suspended banks. The trouble, as far ILS banks are concerned. is over. " was bound to come, and I am glad It is ended, as confidance will now begin to restore itself and times grow better in Colorado."

14. July 22, 1893 Chicago Eagle Chicago, IL
Article from Chicago Eagle, July 22, 1893

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DENVER'S FINANCIAL DISTRESS. Ruin Seems to Lurk About Every Institution in the City. A Denver dispatch asserts that the financial panic there has not abated, and as a result the old German National Bank, with a reputation for stability of twenty years' standing, and the equally reputable State National have been added to those that failed to open their doors for business. All night long depositors stood in line in front of the German, and by 9 o'clock there was one long sea of faces stretching down the street. At the opposite corner, where the State has so long done business, there was also quite a crowd of anxious depositors waiting the opening of the doors. These people were relieved of their doubts at a few minutes after 9 o'clock when a notice was posted on the door to the effect that the bank would not open, owing to the lack of ready cash, and the crowd moved away. At the German there was evidently a determination to go ahead with business up to almost the last moment, when a slip of paper was pasted on the window, stating that the doors would remain closed temporarily. Then the scene became distressing; men and women down the long line broke out in tears and wailing. There is a run on every bank in the city.

15. July 22, 1893 New-York Tribune New York, NY
Article from New-York Tribune, July 22, 1893

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BETTER OUTLOOK IN DENVER CONFIDENCE RAPIDLY RETURNING IN BANKS AND COMMERCIAL HOUSES. NO FURTHER SUSPENSIONS LOOKED FOR-OFFERS OF HELP FROM THE EAST DECLINED -FIRMS RESUMING BUSINESS. Denver, July 21.-Confidence In the Denver banks and commercial houses is being restored in the East and at home with nearly the same rapidity with which its destruction was attempted in the first three days of this week. There have been no suspicions of magnitude for two days, and no more are expected. The banking houses have determined that they will push no creditor nor serve any attachments on those who show an honest disposition to settle. Times will probably be hard here until Congress meets, and it 1s predicted that if silver then receives fair treatment It will not take long to place Denver and Colorado far in advance of where they were when this trouble came. D. H. Moffat, president of the First National Bank, has received a telegram from one of the leading banks of New-York offering assistance If needed. Mr. Moffat replied, with thanks, that he had more money than he needed, Other houses have had similar offers. It is understood that the German and State National banks have received large sums of money, and will be ready to open their doors again in a short time. Controller Eckels's telegram to Bank Examiner Adams was opportune and did untold good. Mr. Adams Is of the opinion that all the closed banks can settle in full and have money left. It will be some days, however, before he can prepare his statement. The commercial houses that went down with the banks are in equally good condition. The HallackSayre-Newton Lumber Company, which made an assignment on Wednesday with assets of $600,000, resumed business to-day. The Flanders Drygoods Company, which closed for $200,000, will open its doors again, and many others will follow soon. The merchants and bankers to-day issued a card to the public in which they declare their faith In Colorado's future, and that the present trouble 1s only temporary. They regret the violent utterances recently made by excited individuals, and declare that these do not represent the people of this city or the State. They conclude by declaring for free coinage of silver, and ask all members of Congress to aid them in securing this at the coming extra session. The Denver Chamber of Commerce held an important meeting yesterday afternoon. It was decided, in view of the recent trouble in financial and business circles in this city, that the interests of Colorado demanded that the State be represented at the B1metallic League Convention in Chicago and Washington by business men who would place the State before the country in a proper light and repudiate any incendiary utterances which may be made 1. that convention by delegates from this State. President Byers WAS instructed to name a committee of 100. comprising the leading business and financial men of the city, to go to Chicago and Washington and defend the credit of the State, while at the same time they shall do all in their power to further the interests of silver.

16. July 22, 1893 St. Paul Daily Globe Saint Paul, MN
Article from St. Paul Daily Globe, July 22, 1893

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# BRADSTREET'S. # A Birds-Eye View of the General Situation. NEW YORK, July 21.-Bradstreet's weekly review of the state of trade will tomorrow say: A birds-eye view of general trade conditions throughout the country indicates the South Atlantic and gulf states have suffered no material change in condition, dullness or exceptionally quiet trade being reported from almost all points with slight exceptions. There is a disposition West also to curtail the output of manufactured products, and runs on Kansas City and Denver banks, now ended, created for a time a renewal of exceptional caution on the part of banks at many Western centers. A large proportion of the suspended Colorado banks and mercantile institutions will pay in full and resume business, inability to borrow or sell collaterals alone being the cause of Denver banks closing their doors. Bank clearings this week naturally show a decrease, the falling off being not less than 7.5 per cent as compared with a year ago, and a smaller decrease as compared with the preceding week: Our Australian and London cables showed no material change in stocks of wheat available abroad last week, so that the net decrease was practically that in the United States, about 3,200,000 bushels. Exports of wheat, both coasts United States and Canada, seven days ending July 20, aggregate 5,077,000 bushels, as compared with 2,716,000 bushels in the third week of July a year ago, with 2,330,000 bushels two years ago, with 1,544,000 three years ago, and 1,385,000 bushels four years ago. The financial position at New York has been to some extent unfavorably affected by the demands for money at St. Louis and Denver. Near-by manufacturing centers are also calling for currency to meet pay rolls, and it is believed that the result will be a loss in cash holdings to an undetermined amount. Few changes have been made in the outstanding New York clearing house loan certificates, which are now nearly $23,000,000. The money market is unaffected by the break in stock values, call loans being at 6 per cent or less, while time loans and commercial discounts are exceedingly restricted at high rates. Foreign exchange is somewhat firmer on diminished foreign stock purchases. About $1,000,000 gold came in from Europe and the West Indies, and some $200,000 is in transit from London. Silver is weaker on the threatened adverse action by some nations of the Latin union. The number of failures for a week is the largest ever reported for a like period.

17. July 27, 1893 The Austin Weekly Statesman Austin, TX
Article from The Austin Weekly Statesman, July 27, 1893

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FINANCIAL DISTURBANC BAD STATE OF AFFAIRS AFFECTI ALL PARTS OF COLORADO. Thirty Thousand Men Thrown Out of ployment by Shutting Down of Mines Smelters and Dependent Institutions. Numerous Business Failures. DENVER, July 20.-There will parently be no more bank failures Denver. The panic wore itself yesterday with the failure of Peoples, German and State Nation banks. This morning when the Colorado, Denver City and Americ National banks opened their there were hardly a dozen deposite in all of them at the paying celle windows. In the First and Colora National banks long strings of itors reaching nearly to the street lined up in front of the receivi 0 window and money was back into the bank vault almost rapidly as it was withdrawn the past three days. The Germa State and Peoples Nationals could three for one if they could realize securities. There may be a few commerc failures in the city within the next days as a result of the suspension bauks. but it is believed that in no stance, whether banking or cial houses. will the failure be plete and resumption of busin SS surely follow shortly. It is stated day that the McNamara dry house which failed Monday for 000 have settled with their princi Monday. creditors and will resume busin UNEMPLOYED LABOR DENVER, Colo., July 20,-The

18. July 27, 1893 The Pickens Sentinel Pickens, SC
Article from The Pickens Sentinel, July 27, 1893

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# A BIG PANIC IN DENVER. Many Banks Compelted to Close their Doors-Sad Scenes. DENVER, COL, July 18. No such scenes was ever witnessed in all the West as could be seen here this morning shortly after 10 o'clock, when the banks were supposed to open their doors for business. The failure of the three savings banks yesterday had affected the masses as the smell of blood would wolves, and at the hour of opening the streets were crowded with anxious depositors. The eleven clearing house banks, located within four blocks of each other, were surrounded and far into streets crowds gathered until the officers and special police were called out to clear the way for traffic. At 10 o'clock the Union National Bank, with a capital of $1,000 000, posted a notice that it would not open its doors. This started a panic. The Commercial National Bank posted a similar notice, and then the National Bank of Commerce, and the people asked "Where will this stop?" A run was immediately started on all the other banks, though to no great extent upon the People's National. The First National appears to be the soundest of all, it having over 60 per cent. of its deposits on hand, with a private fund of $1,500,000 in addition to draw upon making it impossible to close its doors The Colorado National and several others are in equally as good condition. The mob withdrawing their money are all small depositors, the large holders being satisfied to let their accounts remain in the banks. The banks are paying all demands except on time certificates, they demanding that these remain until the expiration of the time. As every bank is crowded, the clearing house is rendering no assistance, each institution being compelled to stand upon its own foundation. The Commercial National Bank closed its doors within a few minutes after the opening, because it was apparent from the size of the crowd in front of the bank that a run was to be inaugurated. This notice was posted on the door: "Closed for liquidation by order of the directors." The bank was in bad shape. It had a capital stock of $250,000 and only had $2,000 in cash in the bank. The Mercantile Bank, a private institution with a capital stock of $400,000, closed its doors at noon. The failure was caused by the failure of the Union National Bank, through which it cleared. C. C. Girda, city auditor, is president. W. F. Robinson, formerly treasurer of the Republic Publishing Company, one of the oldest and most respected individuals in the State, has been made assignee. DENVER, COL, July 19. The panic was on in this city today with renewed vigor, and as a result the old German National, with a reputation for stability of twenty year's standing, and the equally reputable State National, failed to open their doors for business this morning. Later the People's National failed. All night long depositors stood in line in front of the German, and by 9 o'clock there was one long sea of faces stretching down the street. At the opposite corner where the State Bank has so long done business, there was also quite a crowd of anxious depositors waiting the opening of the doors. Here the people were relieved of their agony at a few minutes after 9 o'clock when a notice was posted on the door to the effect that the bank would not open owing to the lack of ready cash, and the crowd moved away. At the German there was evidently a determination to go ahead with the business up to almost the last moment, when a slip of paper was pasted on the window stating that the doors wou'd remain closed temporarily. Then the scene became distressing: men and women down the long line broke out in tears aad wailing. By this time there was a run on every bank in the city, and soon came the announcement that the People's National Bank had closed its doors. The notice on its doors read: "This bank is closed by order of the board of directors. Net assets, $1,100,000; liabilities, $310,000." The assets and liabilities of the other two failed banks bear about the same proportion as the People's Bank. Their failure is chargeable to a long-continued drain by depositors and inability to raise ready cash. All expect to resume shortly. Frank Adams, Bank Examiner, today took charge of the Union National, Commercial National, National Bank of Commerce, State National and German National. This afternoon the run at the Denver National was over with an enormous amount of money still in sight. The same is true at the City National and all other banks and business men are beginning to breathe freer. There has been a considerable number of failures among business houses of all kinds within the past three days caused by attachments taken out by banks which foresaw their suspension. Five national banks are still open. # Arrested Agent Davis. ROCK HILL, S. C., July 19.-H. W. Lineberger, a Dispensary constable, yesterday arrested J. D. Davis, agent of the Georgia, Carolina & Northern Railroad, at Catawba Junction, on a charge of receiving alcohol in violation of the Dispensary law. The alcohol was in a jug and was consigned to Dr. W. G. White, at Yorkvill, S. C. It was shipped from L. C. Young, of Rich-

19. July 28, 1893 Bismarck Weekly Tribune Bismarck, ND
Article from Bismarck Weekly Tribune, July 28, 1893

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BISMARCK WEEKLY TRIBUNE: FRIDAY, JULY 28 1893 xpectant of an early turn in the current of affairs. They attach no serious importance to the troubles among the far western small banks, as it is found that those institutions are generally in a sound condition and may be expected to resume payment so soon as the temporary panic among depositors subsides. The "run" on the Denver banks appears to be chiefly due to the exciting harangues of certain local demagogues and silver fanatics, and therefore must subside on the sober second thought; while there will remain the advantage of its weakening the pro-silver element in Congress during the coming debate on the Sherman act. The silver states are having a taste of the fruits of their policy and will henceforth better understand what that policy means. The stock market has been unsettled and widely fluctuating. The "bears" have summoned their whole force of attack, employing every resource of rumor and canard and assailing almost every important stock on the list in detail. With allies in London, they have also attacked our securities in the transatlantic markets, causing heavy declines there and London sales in this city. Their forces have been handled in concert and with great skill, and some heavy declines have resulted from "short" sales from which however there have been quick recoveries upon purchases to cover the sales. The unsettled condition of the London market and the bank troubles in the west have encouraged the "bear" side, and that they have rot made a deeper impression on the market is clear evidence of its intrinsic strength. Purchases for investment are certainly on the increase, and hoarded money is gradually being turned into the dividend paying stocks. again into similar channels. Intelligence, enterprise, and genius would assert itself in the future as in the past, and it would be but a question of time when practically the same conditions as now exist would be brought about. It is pleasant to contemplate a condition of universal peace, contentment and prosperity for all, and quite another thing to put theory into practice. A sliding scale of taxation is the most logical theory. Remove the burdens of taxation as much as possible from the poor and add them to the rich. The millionaires do not pay their proportion of the taxes. They have not borne their just proportion in the past, else the accumulation of these vast fortunes in so short a time would not have been possible. THE North Dakota Independent, the organ of the present administration, goes out of its way to hit ex-Governor Burke, by declaring that "the people of the northern part of the state have lost faith in criminals getting their just deserts since Governor Burke pardoned, etc." Governor Burke pardoned one man out of the penitentiary for every month he was governor. Governor Shortridge's record has been the same and the TRIBUNE doesn't for a moment question the justness of this action. The pardoning power is one of the most difficult problems a governor has to deal with and those who know the least about the matter should be the last to criticise. The Independent is right when it says that the pardoning power should be in the hands of a board and not in the hands of the executive. It would relieve the governor of great embarassment. THE silver producing states that are endeavoring to pit area against capital full confession of his awful crime, and that it was taken down by a stenographer, has been transcribed, read to him and signed by the murderer. It ought not to require much time to meet out justice to this tiend, who, driven to the deed by lust as he confesses, brutally killed six people. DURING the fireworks display at the World's Fair, Saturday night, a bomb lost its bearings and fell through a light in the roof of the Manufactures building and set fire to one of the window screens. Now the authorities announce that there will be no more displays of fireworks on the grounds. On this mode of reasoning, if the roof should be taken off by a cyclone some day an order would be issued to put no more roofs on buildings. THE appointment of ex-Gov. Geo. C. Perkins, of San Francisco, United States senator to succeed the late Senator Stanford, was a disappointment to the friends of Editor Mike DeYoung, who thought they knew the intentions of Governor Markham. The dispatches say that Perkirs is a strong man and his greatest unpopularity comes from his friendship towards the Southern Pacific railway corporation. OCTOBER 11th is the day decided upon for North Dakota day at the fair, the theory being that at this late date very many farmers will be enabled to be present. The month of October will be the most interesting time for farmers to go to Chicago. The great display of live stock will be made in that month and it is certain that it will be the greatest display of the kind ever seen in the world. ATTORNEY GENERAL STANDISH has issued another proclamation. This time A ments of THE greatly d is being belief that state is v trust to i twine. I to make July pier binding t A. FEW

20. August 31, 1893 Richmond Dispatch Richmond, VA
Article from Richmond Dispatch, August 31, 1893

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BETTER TIMES COMING. Banks Deposits Increase and Mills to resume Oyerations. (By Telegraph to The Dispatch.) KANSAS CITY, Aug. -Business men and bankers are unanimous in their opinion that the low point in the present financial depression has been reached by Kansas City, and that the upward movement has begun. Bank presidents estimate that the banks have gained $2,000,000 in deposits since the run in July. DENVER, Aug. 30.-The State National Bank will probably open its doors today, having had the permission of the controller for several days. The Commercial, the only remaining national bank which closed during the recent flurry, will probably open before the end of the week. The German National resumed yesterday. The Union Bank at Greeley, Col., also opened for business yesterday. ST. PAUL, Minn., Aug. 30.-The Walter A. Wood Harvester Works will start up in a few days. Work will be provided for between 1,500 and 2,000 men. ST. LOUIS Mo., Aug. 30.-The St. Louis Stamping Company resumed operations yesterday, after an idleness of several weeks. Mr. W. F. Neidringhaus, the proprietor, has agreed to sign the amalgamated scale. Tomorrow 2,000 men will be at work. The importance of the resumption will be understood when it is known that 10,000 persons will be directly or indirectly affected by it. LEAVENWORTH, Kan., Aug. 30.- At a general mass meeting of the striking coal miners held yesterday it was decided by an almost unanimous vote to declare the struggle at an end and return to work at the old scale. It is expected that all the mines will soon be in full operation.

21. August 31, 1893 The Sun New York, NY
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National Banks Resume Business. WASHINGTON. Aug. 29.-The following national banks, which recently suspended Dayment. to-day have been permitted to reopen their doors for business. viz.: The German National Bank and the State National Bank of Denver: the First National Bank of Cañon City. Col.: the Louisville City National Bank, Louisville: the Merchants' National Bank of Louisville: the First National Bank of Ashland. Wis., and the First National Bank of Platteville. Wis. Application for authority to organize a national bank was to-day approved by the Comptroller of the Currency for the First National Bank of Woodward. Indian Territory. The Comptroller has authorized the following national banks to reopen on Sept. 1: The American National Bank of Omaha. Neb., and the American National Bank of Nashville, Tenn. The following national banks in Mankato, Minn.. have been authorized to reopen for business on Sept. 7: The First National Bank of Mankato. the National Citizens' Bank of Mankato, and the Mankato National Bank.

22. September 1, 1893 The Seattle Post-Intelligencer Seattle, WA
Article from The Seattle Post-Intelligencer, September 1, 1893

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COLORADO'S RAPID RECOVERY. All But Three of the Suspended National Banks Have Reopened. DENVER, Aug. 31.-The State National bank. the last but one of the city's sit suspended national banks, opened its doors again this morning. The Commercial National will resume in a few days. Of the score of national banks in Colorado compelled to close their doors a few weeks ago all have rssumed save three, and it is said all will again be doing business before the middle of the month.

23. September 1, 1893 The Daily Morning Astorian Astoria, OR
Article from The Daily Morning Astorian, September 1, 1893

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THIS LOOKS BETTER. Denver, Aug. 31.-The State National Bank, the last one of the city's suspended banks, opened its doors again this morning. The Commercial National Bank will resume in a few days. Of a score of National banks compelled to close their doors a few weeks ago, all have resumed but three, and it is said that they will again be doing business before the middle of the month.

24. September 6, 1893 The Star Reynoldsville, PA
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Financial and Commercial. The New York "World" prints a list of 20 banks which have resumed business, also a list of about 50 manufacturing establish ments which have resumed operations since August 19. The West Side bank, St. Paul, Minn., which closed its doors August 4. reopened for business. The State National Bank. the last one of Denver's six suspended national banks, opened its doors again, The Commercial National will resume again in a few days. The Queen City bank, Buffalo, N.Y., which suspended several weeksago, resumed business.