Bank of Oxford (Oxford, IN)

Episode Information

Episode UID
2535545591121
Episode Type
Suspension → Closure
Bank Type
private
Bank ID
253554559 hash
Start Date
May 12, 1893
Location
Oxford, Indiana (40.520, -87.248)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
515318f4008148e7

Response Measures

None

Description

Articles report a bank at Oxford closed due to the Columbia National collapse but do not name the local institution directly.

Events (1)
1. May 12, 1893 Suspension
Cause
Correspondent
Cause Details
Closure/suspension caused by ties to the Columbia National Bank of Chicago (failure of correspondent)
Newspaper Excerpt
the banks at Walkerton, Arcadia and Oxford were closed
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (10)
1. May 13, 1893 The Portland Daily Press Portland, ME
Article from The Portland Daily Press, May 13, 1893

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township and school funds are tied up. It is believed that depositors will be paid in full. GRAND RAPIDS, Mich., May 12.- - The private banking institution of Paris and Nave at Rockford closed its doors today. The bank did a lively business among farmers. The bank was affected by the failure of the Capital National Bank of Indianapolis. RICHLAND, Mich., May 12.-The Union bank, a branch of the Columbia National of Chicago, was closed today. Cashier Watts says the depositors will be paid in full. Knox, Ind., May 12.-The Citizens' State Bank of this city suspended today. D. Wiggins, of the Columbian Bank of Chicago, was the principal owner. The depositors have been almost frenzied all day. The banks at Walkerton, Arcadia and Oxford were closed. All were dependent upon the Columbia. CHICAGO, May -About 40 country banks in Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Ohio were connected with Dwiggins' Columbian Bank combination. Failures Abroad. NEW York, Mav 12.-The Eveniag Post's London special says: There were seven defauits on the stock exchange today, and more are expected tomorrow. Most of the failures were in African mines, and are small. The Failures of the Week. NEW YORK, May 12.-Dun & Co. and Russell & Co., report 257 United States failures in the last seven days. There were 150 for the corresponding week last year.

2. May 13, 1893 Grand Rapids Herald Grand Rapids, MI
Article from Grand Rapids Herald, May 13, 1893

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failure of the Columbia National of Chicago. Zimer Dwiggins, president of the latter. in a stockbobles in the Central though it is said his stock . represented in by a note. YORRINTOWN, Ind. May 12 The Commercial bank of Norridown classa this forenoon front tear of a run. There to confidence to the managers ability to bridge over the difficulty and results business this evening. No is felt by depositors ORLEANS, Ind. May 12. The Bank of Orleans suspended today. through the Indianapolis and Chicago failures. The deposits will reach $30,000. It was owned by Paris & Nave of Indianapolis. The capital stock was $10,000. There was great excitement as the street aroung depositors. Frank Rawlings, the cash ier, said there would be rehel from In dianapolis and that the bank would no open in a few days MONROEVILLA Ind. May 12 no bank here, a branch of the Chemical National thank of Chicago, closed its doors today. A statement as to the con dition of the bank eannot be given. The depositors were of the poorer class of people. MERRAN, lad. May 12-The Citizens' bank of Hebron closed its doors today. The suspendium was caused by the Calumbia National failure. INDIANAPOLIS, May -The Bank of Spiceland of Spiceland, Indiana. suspended today. The bank was . state in stitution with 636,000 capital. of which $13,000 was subscribed for by Dwiggins, Starbuck 4 Co. of Chicago. The Chi cago and Indianapolis failures caused the collapse. The deposite amount to $30.000 and the loans something more than that. KNOX, Ind., May 12 The Citizens' State bank of this city suspended today. Depositors have been almost frenzied all day. The banks at Walkerton, Ar. cadia, Oxford and Rewwell have closed. All were dependent on the Columbia MOSROEVILLE, Ind., May 12 The re ports concerning the standing of the Citizens State bank of Montoeville, Indiana, are wholly without foundation. It has atapie assets to pay all liabilities. The failure of the Columbia National bank of Chicago, or of D. Wiggins, Starbuck & Co., does not affect it.

3. May 18, 1893 The Worthington Advance Worthington, MN
Article from The Worthington Advance, May 18, 1893

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JOHN MAHIN'S residence and two other houses at Muscatine, Ia., were destroyed by dynamite. Mr. Mahin is editor of the Muscatine Journal, postmaster and .an ardent prohibitionist, and the residences destroyed were those of prominent citizens who have been active in prosecuting saloon cases. NEAR Lakeport, Ark., the levee gave way, flooding thousands of acres of cotton land and causing heavy losses to planters. IN Chicago the Columbia national bank suspended with liabilities of over $1,000,000. The principal business of the bank was with country banks and they will be the chief sufferers. THE doors of the Capital national bank at Indianapolis were closed with liabilities of $1,000,000. THE Danube left Portland, Ore., for China with 406 Chinese on board who had been refused admission to the United States. ON the Ohio River railroad a freight train went off the tracks at Walkers, W. Va., falling 35 feet, and three men were killed. CHARLES LUTTRELL and John Z. Carlisle were hanged at Sherman, Tex., for the murder of W. T. Sherman at Denison on April 28, 1892. AT Grand Ridge, III., R. J. Horinck, conductor of a general store nd.private bank, failed for $300,000, and scores of farmers are ruined by the disaster. THE members of the local world's fair directory passed a resolution that the fair should be open Sundays on and after May 21, the admission to the grounds to be twenty-five cents, and the big exhibit buildings to be closed. This action may be annulled by the national commission. AT Charleston, S. c., Joe Brannon, aged 19. was hanged for the murder of Stephen Kearney on the 31st of August last. THE Columbia national bank collapse in Chicago caused the failure of banks at Russiaville, Greentown. Oxford, Morristown, Arcadia, Spiceland, Orleans, Hebron, Brookston, Dunkirk, Geneva, Boswell, Knox, West Lebanon and Gieenwood in Indiana, the Richland, Edwardsburg, Lawton, Rockford and Charlevoix banks in Michigan, the bank of Oregon in Wisconsin, the bank of Casey in Illinois and the bank at Clearmount in Ohio. TWENTY-FIVE ringleaders of the mob that took from jail at Chattanooga, Tenn., Alfred Blount, a negro assaulter, and hanged him. have been indicted for murder. EAST of Pinckney, Mich., several farms were swept by a cyclone and buildings were wrecked and several persons were hurt, but not seriously, though many horses and sheep were killed. OHIO prohibitionists will meet in state convention at Cleveland June 27 and 28. THE firm of Kendall & Smith, the largest millers in Nebraska, failed at Lincoln for $250,000. IN Milwaukee the big department store of Frank A. Lappen & Co. and the furniture store of the Lappen Furniture company failed for $500,000. W. H. THOMAS & SON, the largest dealers in old Kentucky whisky in the world. suspended at Louisville with liabilities of $600,000. IN session at Louisville, Ky., the National Republican College league elected L. E. Hawkins, of Syracuse university, as president.

4. May 18, 1893 Grant County Herald Lancaster, WI
Article from Grant County Herald, May 18, 1893

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MANY BANKS CLOSE. Result of the Failure of the Columbia National of Chicago. CHICAGO, May 13.-Dispatches received here announce the suspension of the following banks, all of them due to their connection with Dwiggins, Starbuck & Co., of the Columbia national bank of this city, which closed its doors on Thursday: Bank of Dunkirk, Portland, Ind., liabilities estimated at from $75,000 to $100,000; Commer rial state bank of Russiaville, Ind., deposits, 560,000; Farmers' bank, Greentown, Ind.: priwater banking firm of Dwiggins, Starbuck & Co., at Williamsburg, O.; Ottawa bank, Elmore. O: Commercial bank of Morristown, Ind: Citizens' national bank, Boswell. Ind.: Commercial bank of Brookston, Ind.; Commercial bank at Walkerton, Ind.: Farmers' and Merchante bank of Genewa. Ind : Bank of Greenwood, Ind.; Bank of Orleans, Orleans, Ind.: Citizens bank, Hebron, Ind.: Farmers' and Merchants' bank, Casey, Ill.: Citizens' bank of Edwardsburg, Mich Bank of Lawton, Mich.: Bank of Oregon. Wis: Union bank, Richland, Mich: Spiceland bank, Spiceland, Ind : Citi zens' state bank, Knox, Ind: Central bank, West Lebanon, Ind.; banks at Oxford, Ind, and Arcadia. Ind.

5. May 18, 1893 The State Republican Jefferson City, MO
Article from The State Republican, May 18, 1893

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WEST AND SOUTH. THE Republican League clubs met in national convention in Louisville, Ky., delegates from thirty-three states being present. A MOB lynched a young negro who tempted to assault a daughter of Capt. James Wham at Chestnut Ridge, & C. IN the nineteenth annual Kentucky derby at Louisville six horses participated, Lookout winning by four lengths in 2:39 14. JOHN MAHIN'S residence and two other houses at Muscatine, Ia., were destroyed by dynamite. Mr. Mahin is editor of the Muscatine Journal, postmaster and an ardent prohibitionist, and the residences destroyed were those of prominent citizens who have been active in prosecuting saloon cases. FLAMES swept away one-half of Spring Lake, Mich., and fifty families were homeless. Total loss, $175,000. W. W. TRACEY, of Springfield, III., was chosen president of the National League of Republican clubs at the session in Louisville. NEAR Lakeport, Ark., the levee gave way, flooding thousands of acres of cotton land and causing heavy losses to planters. IN Chicago the Columbia national bank suspended with liabilities of over $1,000,000. The principal business of the bank was with country banks and they will be the chief sufferers. THE doors of the Capital national bank at Indianapolis were closed with liabilities of $1,000,000. THE Danube left Portland. Ore., for China with 406 Chinese on board who had been refused admission to the United States. ON the Ohio River railroad a freight train went off the tracks at Walkers, W. Va., falling 35 feet, and three men were killed. CHARLES LUTTRELL and John Z. Carliste were hanged at Sherman, Tex, for the murder of W. T. Sherman at Denison on April 88, 1893. AT Grand Ridge, III., R. J. Horinck, conductor of a general store and private bank, failed for $800,000, and scores of farmers are ruined by the disaster. THE members of the local world's fair directory passed a resolution that the fair should be open Sundays on and after May 21, the admission to the grounds to be twenty-five cents, and the big exhibit buildings to be closed. This action may be annulled by the national commission. THE Columbia national bank collapse in Chicago caused the failure of banks at Russiaville, Greentown. Oxford, Morristown, Arcadia, Spiceland, Ordeans, Hebron, Brookston, Dunkirk, Geneva, Boswell, Knox, West Lebanon and Greenwood in Indiana, the Richland, Edwardsburg, Lawton, Rockford and Charlevoix banks in Michigan, the bank of Oregon in Wisconsin, the bank of Casey in Illinois and the bank at Clearmount in Ohio. TWENTY-FIVE ringleaders of the mob that. took from jail at Chattanooga Tenn., Alfred Blount, a negroassaulter. and hanged him. have been indicted for murder.

6. May 18, 1893 River Falls Journal River Falls, WI
Article from River Falls Journal, May 18, 1893

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CHARLES LUTTRELL and John Z. Carlisle were hanged at Sherman, Tex., for the murder of W. T. Sherman at Denison on April 28. 1892. AT Grand Ridge, III., R. J. Horinck, conductor of a general store andiprivate bank, failed for $300,000. and scores of farmers are ruined by the disaster. THE members of the local world's fair directory passed a resolution that the fair should be open Sundays on and after May 21. the admission to the grounds to be twenty-five cents, and the big exhibit buildings to be closed. This action may be annulled by the national commission. AT Charleston, S. C., Joe Brannon, aged 19. was changed for the murder of Stephen Kearney on the 31st of August last. THE Columbia national bank collapse in Chicago caused the failure of banks at Russiaville, Greentown. Oxford, Morristown, Arcadia, Spiceland, Orleans, Hebron, Brookston. Dunkirk, Geneva, Boswell, Knox. West Lebanon and Greenwood in Indiana, the Riehland, Edwardsburg, Lawton. Rockford and Charlevoix banks in Michigan, the bank of Oregon in Wisconsin, the bank of Casey in Illinois and the bank at Clearmount in Ohio. TWENTY-FIVE ringleaders of the mob that took from jail at Chattanooga, Tenn., Alfred Blount, a negroassaulter, and hanged him, have been indicted for murder. EAST of Pinekney, Mich., several farms were swept by a cyclone and buildings were wreeked and several persons were hurt. but not seriously, though many horses and sheep were killed. OHIO prohibitionists will meet in state convention at Cleveland June 27 and 28. THE firm of Kendall & Smith, the largest millers in Nebraska, failed at Lincoln for $250,000. IN Milwaukee the big department store of Frank A. Lappen & Co. and the furniture store of the Lappen Furniture company failed for $500,000. W. II. THOMAS & SON, the largest dealers in old Kentucky whisky in the world. suspended at Louisville with liabilities of $600,000. IN session at Louisville, Ky., the National Republican College league elected L. E. Hawkins, of Syracuse university, as president. THE Illinois and Sangamon rivers in Cass county, III., overflowed and several thousand aeres of rich farming lands were flooded, entirely destroying the wheat sown last fall. THE doors of the Kissamee (Fla.) City bank were closed with liabilities of $100,000. L. F. PRICE, a conductor on a train at Seymour, Ind., was shot and killed by John Turley and a mob took the murderer from jail at Bedford and lynched him. THE founder and principal of the Hampton institute for negroes and Indians near Fort Monroe, Va., Gen. Samuel C. Armstrong, died at Hampton, aged 54 years. IN the case of W C. Rippey, accused of assaulting John W. Mackay in San Francisco with intent to kill, the jury was dismissed, having failed to reach an agreement. AT Brook's mill in Arkansas a crevasse gave way causing the destruction of crops in eight or nine parishes. NEAR Kenova. W. Va., an extensive was analysis tin-ore mine per found, tin. the showing 70 cent. pure A PICKPOCKET robbed N. B. Martans, 70 years of age, of Woodland, Cal., of $4,100 on the world's fair grounds in Chicago. FIRE destroyed the Standard Oil company's-works at Whiting, Ind., the loss being $100,000. AT Calamet, Mich., ten men fell 3,000 feet to their death down the Red Jacket shaft of the Calumet and Hecla mine.

7. May 18, 1893 Warren Sheaf Warren, MN
Article from Warren Sheaf, May 18, 1893

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JOHN MAHIN'S residence and two other houses at Muscatine, Ia., were destroyed by dynamite. Mr. Mahin is editor of the Muscatine Journal, postmaster and an ardent prohibitionist, and the residences destroyed were those of prominent citizens who have been active in prosecuting saloon cases. NEAR Lakeport, Ark., the levee gave way, flooding thousands of acres of cotton land and causing heavy losses to planters. IN Chicago the Columbia national bank suspended with liabilities of over $1,000,000. The principal business of the bank was with country banks and they will be the chief sufferers. THE doors of the Capital national bank at Indianapolis were closed with liabilities of $1,000,000. THE Danube left Portland, Ore., for China with 406 Chinese on board who had been refused admission to the United States. ON the Ohio River railroad a freight train went off the tracks at Walkers, W. Va., falling 35 feet, and three men were killed. CHARLES LUTTRELL and John z. Carlisle were hanged at Sherman, Tex., for the murder of W. T. Sherman at Denison on April 28. 1892. AT Grand Ridge, Ill., R. J. Horinck, conductor of a general store and.private bank, failed for $300,000, and scores of farmers are ruined by the disaster. THE members of the local world's fair directory passed a resolution that the fair should be open Sundays on and after May 21; the admission to the grounds to be twenty-five cents, and the big exhibit buildings to be closed. This action may be annulled by the national commission. AT Charleston, S. c., Joe Brannon, aged 19, was hanged for the murder of Stephen Kearney on the 31st of August last. THE Columbia national bank collapse in Chicago caused the failure of banks at Russiaville, Greentown. Oxford, Morristown, Arcadia, Spiceland, Orleans, Hebron, Brookston, Dunkirk, Geneva, Boswell, Knox, West Lebanon and Gieenwood in Indiana, the Richland, Edwardsburg, Lawton, Rockford and Charlevoix banks in Michigan, the bank of Oregon in Wisconsin, the bank of Casey in Illinois and the bank at Clearmount in Ohio. TWENTY-FIVE ringleaders of the mob that took from jail at Chattanooga, Tenn., Alfred Blount, a negro assaulter, and hanged him, have been indicted for murder. EAST of Pinckney, Mich., several farms were swept by a cyclone and buildings were wrecked and several persons were hurt, but not seriously, though many horses and sheep were killed. OHIO prohibitionists will meet in state convention at Cleveland June 27 and 28. THE firm of Kendall & Smith, the largest millers in Nebraska, failed at Lincoln for $250,000. IN Milwaukee the big department store of Frank A. Lappen & Co. and the furniture store of the Lappen Furniture company failed for $500,000. W. H. THOMAS & SON, the largest dealers in old Kentucky whisky in the world, suspended at Louisville with liabilities of $600,000. IN session at Louisville, Ky., the National Republican College league elected L. E. Hawkins, of Syracuse university, as president.

8. May 19, 1893 The Times Owosso, MI
Article from The Times, May 19, 1893

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States reported exchanges United amounting to $1,370,664,109 against As $1,373,638,156 the previous week. week compared with the corresponding of 8192 the increase was 11.0. JOHN Z. Carlisle and Charles Luttrell the hanged at Sherman, Tex., Denison for were murder of W. T. Sherman at on April 28, 1892. THERE were 257 business failures the rein the United States during the ported seven days ended on the 12th. In week preceding there were 216, 1892 and during the corresponding time in the number was 209. R. J. HORINCK, conductor of a general store and private bank at Grand Ridge, of Ill., failed for $300,000, and scores farmers are ruined by the disaster. FOREST fires burned hundreds of of oak, pine and cedar timber, acres valuable cranberry bogs N.J. and three many houses in Berkeley township, the THE twenty-five ringleaders of mob that took from jail at Chattanooga, Tenn., Alfred Blount, a negroassaulter, for and hanged him, have been indicted murder. THE Hygeian Ice company at Trenton, N. J., failed for $150,000. SEVERAL farms east of Pinckney, Mich., were swept by a cyclone and buildings were wrecked and several persons were hurt, but not seriously, though many horses and sheep were killed. THE collapse of the Columbia national of bank in Chicago caused the failure banks at Rusiaville, Greentown, Oxford. Morristewn, Arcadia, Spiceland, Orleans, Hebron, Brookston, Dunkirk, Geneva, Boswell, Knox, West Labanon and Greenwood in Indiana, the Richland, Edwardsburg, Lawton, Rockford and Charlevoix banks in Michigan, the bank of Oregon in Wisconsin, the bank at of Casey in Illinois and the bank Clearmount in Ohio. MEMBERS of the local world's fair dipassed a resolution that the fair should rectory be open Sundays on and after May 21, the admission to the grounds to be twenty-five cents, and the big exhibit buildings to be closed. This action may be annulled by the national commission. JOE BRANNON, aged 19, was hanged at Charleston, S. C., for the murder of Stephen Kearney on the 31st of August last. THE police at Buffalo, N. Y., claimed to have discovered evidence of a plot by anarchists to blow up the water works and fire the world's fair buildings to avenge upon Chicago the execution of the anarchists condemned for the Haymarket murders. THE new Cunard line steamship Campania made the trip from New York to Queenstown in 5 days 17 hours and 42 minutes. the quickest passage eastward yet made by any steamer. THE total value of the exports of breadstuffs from this country during the ten months ended April 30 last was $157,653,913, a decrease of $93,000,000 from the corresponding period of 1892. JOHN WEISS, grand treasurer of the Order Germania, a relief fund, sick and benefit association, departed from his home in New York with $100,000 belonging to the order. KENDALL & SMITH, the largest milling firm in Nebraska, failed at Lincoln for $250,000. THE big department store of Frank A. Lappen & Co. and the furniture store of the Lappen Furniture company in Milwaukee failed for $500,000. AT Louisville, Ky., the firm of W. H. Thomas & Son, the largest dealers in old Kentucky whisky in the world, suspended with liabilities of $600,000. A SEVERE windstorm at Astoria, Ore., overturned a number of fishing boats and four men were drowned. THE percentages of the baseball clubs in the National league for the week ended on the 15th were as follows: Cleveland. .667; St. Louis, .667; Washington, .643; Pittsburgh, .636; Brooklyn, .588; Cincinnati, .572; Philadelphia, .500; Baltimore, .429; Boston, .462; New York, .885; Chicago, .286; Louisville. .200. Two PERSONS were killed and several a seriously injured by the explosion of railway locomotive at Lebanon, Pa. THE jury in the case of W. C. Rippey, accused of assaulting John W. Mackay in San Francisco with intent to kill, was dismissed, having failed to reach en agreement. JOHN TURLEY, who shot and killed L. F. Price, a conductor, on a train at Seymour, Ind., was taken from jail at Bedford by masked men and lynched. THE Standard Oil company's works at Whiting, Ind., were burned, the loss being $100,000. TEN men fell 3,000 feet to their death down the Red Jacket shaft of the Calumet and Hecla mine at Calumet, Mich. KENDALL & SMITH, grain dealers at Lincoln, Neb., failed for $300,000. THE Kissamee (Fla.) City bank closed its doors with liabilities of $100,000. Tightness of money and slow collections caused the failure. A FIRE caused by a defective flue in the bakehouse of the Aldine hotel in Philadelphia resulted in a loss of 140,000. A CREVASSE gave way at Brook's mill in Arkansas, causing the destruction of crops in eight or nine parishes. BY request of Secretary Gresham the of as resignation of William E. American Curtis chief the bureau of the republics was sent to the president.

9. May 20, 1893 The Cape Girardeau Democrat Cape Girardeau, MO
Article from The Cape Girardeau Democrat, May 20, 1893

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THE doors of the Capital national bank at Indianapolis were closed with liabilities of $1,000,000. THE Danube left Portland, Ore., for China with 406 Chinese on board who had been refused admission to the United States. Ox the Ohio River railroad a freight train went off the tracks at Walkers, W. Va., falling 35 feet. and three men were killed. CHARLES LUTTRELL and John Z. Carlisle were changed at Sherman, Tex., for the murder of W. T. Sherman at Denison on April 28. 1892. AT Grand Ridge, Ill., R. J. Horinek, conductor of a general store andiprivate bank. failed for $300,000, and scores of farmers are ruined by the disaster. THE members of the local world's fair directory passed a resolution that should be Sundays on and 21, the to be grounds the after fair May twenty-five open admission cents, to and the the big exhibit buildings to be closed. This action may be annulled by the national commission. AT Charleston, S. C., Joe Brannon, aged 19. was changed for the murder of Stephen Kearney on the 31st of August last. THE Columbia national bank collapse in Chicago caused the failure of banks at Russiaville, Greentown. Oxford, Morristown. Arcadia, Spiceland, Orleans, Hebron. Brookston, Dunkirk, Geneva, Boswell, Knox, West Lebanon and Greenwood in Indiana, the Richland, Edwardsburg. Lawton. Rockford and Charlevoix banks in Michigan, the bank of Oregon in Wisconsin, the bank of Casey in Illinois and the bank at Clearmount in Ohio. TWENTY-FIVE ringleaders of the mob that took from jail at Chattanooga, Tenn. Alfred Blount, a negroassaulter. and changed him. have been indicted for murder. EAST of Pinckney. Mich., several farms were swept by a cyclone and buildings were wrecked and several persons were hurt. but not seriously. though many horses and sheep were killed. OHIO prohibitionists will meet in state convention at Cleveland June 27 and 28. THE firm of Kendall & Smith. the largest millers in Nebraska. failed at Lincoln for $250,000. IN Milwaukee the big department store of Frank A. Lappen & Co. and the furniture store of the Lappen Furniture company failed for $500,000. W. II. THOMAS & Sox. the largest dealers in old Kentucky whisky in the world. suspended at Louisville with liabilities of $600,000. IN session at Louisville, Ky., the National Republican College league elected L. E. Hawkins, of Syracuse university, as president.

10. February 8, 1894 The Indianapolis Journal Indianapolis, IN
Article from The Indianapolis Journal, February 8, 1894

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DWIGGINS IS WANTED Benton County Authorities Secure a Requisition for the Banker. He Will Be Arrested at Chicago-Eighteen Indictments Against Him for Forgery and Other Crimes. A requisition issued on Tuesday by Governor Matthews for the arrest and return to this State of Zimri Dwiggins, the banker of considerable notoriety, was honored yesterday by Governor Altgeld, of Illinois, and the meteoric financier of Chicago will be taken into custody to-day by an agent of Benton county, Indiana. Dwiggins will be taken to Fowler to be tried on eighteen indictments, one of which consists of eighteen counts. The fact that the indictments were returned has been kept a secret, and at the Governor's office yesterday a like secrecy was maintained. The name of the agent of Benton county was not given out, and the State authorities were averse to talking about the matter until Dwiggins should be arrested. Dwiggins had recently dropped out of the public prints, although his name was mentioned in a suit brought in Cleveland, O., a few days ago in connection with a bill making sensational allegations. It was not generally known that the Benton county grand jury was making an investigation of affairs in which he was mixed up. The indictments in Benton county against Dwiggins grow out of his connection with a bank at Oxford that tumbled with the crash of Dwiggins-Starbuck banks last summer. The Chicago man is charged with forgery, embezzlement, defrauding depositors, defrauding stockholders and for violating almost every section of the State banking law, not to mention several sections of the criminal code. THE DWIGGINS FAILURES. The history of the Dwiggins failures through Indiana is familiar to the public. The suspension of his feeble institutions had much to do with bringing about the panicky feeling in this State last year. His Chicago bank, the Columbia National, failed on May 11, 1893. Within a few minutes afterwards Bank Examiner Joseph D. Sturgis took charge of the institution under authority of the Controller of the Currency. The bank had been reorganized from the old United States National Bank two years before. It did a large business with country banks. but was not held in much esteem in Chicago. After the collapse of the Chemical National there had been a constant run on the Dwiggins concern and it was unable to stand the drain. The immediate cause of the suspension, as given by Dwiggins at the time, was the filing of a suit against It by the Sloux City Loan and Trust Company. The trust company transacted its Chicago business through the Columbia Bank. A few days prior to the suspension of the bank the trust company had failed and it presented a draft on the bank for $35,000. the full amount of its deposits with the bank. The bank failed to honor the draft, claiming to have loans outstanding against the trust company to offset the deposit. The trust company immediately filed suit against the bank to collect the amount of the draft, and the fact that the suit was filed added to the feeling of uncertainty as to the bank's solvency. The methods adopted by Dwiggins and Starbuck, of the Columbia National, were novel and original, to say the least, and old bankers were cautious in dealing with the bank. The Indianapolis banks always sent paper on the Columbia National to Chicago by express on the day the paper was presented. Dwiggins and Starbuck were bankers at Union City and Rennselaer before their venture in Chicago. Their plan was to organize small banks in northern Indiana to be used as correspondents of the Chicago concern. Their scheme was to induce well-to-do farmers near the town in which the bank was to be organized to subscribe for stock. The Chicago bank would take a like amount of stock, but instead of paying cash would give the new bank credit in Chicago for the amount. By this method they were enabled without any cash outlay to organize a large number of small banks and secure an extensive clientele throughout the northern part of the State. TRUST COMPANY SCHEME. As was to be expected, a few days after the collapse of the Chicago concern these little banks began to suspend. A number of the failures came on the day following the suspension of the Columbia National. It developed that a few of the banks organized by Dwiggins had severed their connection with the Columbia National and these banks were enabled to weather the storm. As the investigation into the business of the Chicago bank progressed it was learned that their operations had been much more extensive than was at first supposed, and it was found that the bank had a long list of correspondents in Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Iowa and Michigan-some fifty In all. When the firm's accumulation of country bank stock reached such a limit as to become burdensome Dwiggins organized the United States Loan and Trust Company,