2417. Bank of Bay Biscayne (Miami, FL)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run Only
Bank Type
state
Start Date
February 7, 1928
Location
Miami, Florida (25.774, -80.194)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
ccc2f7ba

Response Measures

Accommodated withdrawals, Borrowed from banks or large institutions

Description

Anonymous/malicious letters (signed 'Hiram' with Masonic emblem) triggered runs across Miami on Feb 7, 1928. The Bank of Bay Biscayne experienced heavy withdrawals but satisfied every demand and did not suspend; other banks (Southern Bank & Trust, Citizens, Bank of Allapattah) were taken over or closed. No suspension or receivership for Bank of Bay Biscayne is reported.

Events (1)

1. February 7, 1928 Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Anonymous 'poison' letters mailed Jan 28 (signed 'Hiram' with Masonic emblem) warned depositors to withdraw funds, precipitating runs and heavy withdrawals across several Miami banks.
Measures
Satisfied every demand; had cash on hand and funds in transit; requisitioned/increased supplies of currency and received emergency funds from Federal Reserve/other banks.
Newspaper Excerpt
While withdrawals were numerous, due to unfounded rumors which caused temporary excitement, we have satisfied every demand and we have on hand and in transit sufficient funds to continue to do so. -- James H. Gilman, president of the Bank of Bay Biscayne
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (7)

Article from Evening Star, February 7, 1928

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LETTERS BLAMED FOR RUN ON BANKS Miami Police Seek Author of Warnings That Severely Hit Four Institutions. By the Associated Press. MIAMI, Fla., February 7.-Financial circles in this city today were reacting from the cumulative effects of "more than a dozen" anonymous letters which precipitated suspension of one bank's business, brought on temporary closing for two others and were responsible for an orderly but determined run on a fourth institution. Meanwhile, police sought the mysterious author of an indeterminate number of letters mailed January 28 in Miami, signed "Hiram," and adorned with a crudely drawn Masonic emblem. Quietly get your money out of the Southern Bank & Trust Co.: it 18 going soon," these lettters said. in varying language, but similar substance. Four Banks Suffer. Results of these missives today had included: Taking over of the Souther Bank & Trust Co. by State Controller Ernest Amos. at the instance of bank officials, stimulated to this step by heavy withdrawals. Orders by Controller Amos that the Citizens' Bank and the Bank of Allapattah. sm 1 institutions. temporarily close to avoid possible demands on their resources. A in on the First National Bank. which kept tellers busy until closing time, handing out money to depositors as L. / demanded it. Other institutions of the city today had prepared for their possible part in . the emergency. Increased supplies of currency had been requisitioned. Nearly all of them experienced slight withdrawal increases early yesterday. but. several reported later that deposits showed a jump. the City National announcing a $400,000 boost. Heavy Demands Met. James H. Gilman, president of the Bank of Bay Biscayne, largest bank of the section, and next to the First National most heavily beleagued in yesterday's excitement, announced: "While withdrawals were numerous. due to unfounded rumors which caused temporary excitement, we have satisfied every demand and we have on hand and in transit sufficient funds to continue to do so." President E. C. Romfh of the First National Bank declared that the Jacksonville branch of the Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank was answering his instifution's call for $7,000,000 in funds to bolster the, cash reserves. but said the institution would not need it. He characterized the run as a "temporary flurry attributable to other closings. which will diminish as people see the lack of need for withdrawing their funds." Letters Blamed. President J. E. Lummus of the Southern Bank & Trust held the mysterious letters responsible for the withdrawals that caused his institution to summon State aid and issued a statement which said the bank would reopen March 15. While this bank was capitalized at $100,000. it had deposits of $5,138,112. officials said. Some of the anonymous letters were addressed to persons not depositors at the Southern Bank & Trust Co., It was said. Chief of Police H. Leslie Quigg was one recipient. Bank officials a placed their number at "more than dozen." Postal inspectors doubted the existence of a Federal law which could operate against the senders. LETTERS NOT ILLEGAL.


Article from The Tampa Times, February 7, 1928

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RUN CROWDS GROWING LESS Institutions Report Sufficient Funds on Hand. The Associated Press Miami, Feb. diminishing excitement following yesterday's flurry which resulted from the closing of three Miami banks today encouraged financiers and state banking officials. Some withdrawals were being made, but the lines tellers' cages were not as long or as insistent as yesterday's. State officials anticipated no more suspensions. recovery really might classed as remarkable," said Porter, chief state bank examiner. "Usually, in such cases, the excitement more intense on the second and third day than on the first. Here the flurry seems to have died out overnight." Emergency Funds Received. Emergency funds had been received by practically every major institution in town. No accurate estimate of the total sent in could be made. but bankers' unofficial guesses from $6,000,000 to funds brought secretly late at night. got plenty of money,' the only bankers would don't they should it, but if they get As was the case yesterday. the First National bank, with the Bank of Bay Biseayne second, was servthe longest the nervous. Both admitted in financial ciramong the strongest institutions in the state. Seek Poison Letter Writer. Meanwhile police are seeking the writer letters signed, which started the run the Southern Bank and Trust company, causing with the Citizens bank Bank Allapattah closed yesterday by the state comptroller. said that these banks will be as the present flurry over. Tampa bankers consider the First National Miami the strongest banking institutions in the south, and that cannot be hurt any run made on it. has reputathey for keeping itself in liquid shape. On January 1st the First National had deposits, and of quick assetsbonds securities immediately saleable.


Article from The Miami Herald, February 7, 1928

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MILLIONS IN CASH SENT MIAMI BANKS Strength of Institutions Shown As Reserves Are Received As Deposits Gain. Continued from Page 1 which caused temporary excitement, we have satisfied every demand, and we have on hand and in transit sufficient funds to continue do 80," James H. Gilman, president of the Bank of Bay said. Ability of the Southern Bank to pay all its depositors was expressed in words of confidence by hundreds of depositors who appeared in front of the bank's closed doors yesterday to read the In statment by E. Lummus. president, he said that numerous rumors, and the sending of anonymous large withdrawels. As soon as the situation was found out he requested Mr. Amos and the deputy governor of the federal reserve bank at Atlanta to come to Miami. In the interests of bank depositors was decided that it would be better to turn the bank over to the state banking department. Mr. Amos yesterday called on Miamians to keep their heads and not let rumors cause them to hurt the banks and the community "Even though the banks might withstand run of excited depositors, their fináncial structures would be weakened," he said. "Our action was in the interests of depositors and for their own On the advice of Mr. Amos, who feared run would their closing, the Bank and the Bank of Allapattah did not open for business. H. H. Pounds, president of the Citizens Bank has been ill recently. V. W. T. Mahannah, cashier, said that statement as to the bank's liquidation plan would be forthcoming in a few days as soon as details worked out with the state banking department. "We closed as precautionary to proteat all our depositors, and expect to pay them in full," he said. F. D. Felt, vice president of the Bank of Allapattah, called attention to the excellent of the bank but stated that on the advice of Mr. Amos officers decided it would be better to stay closed and protect all depositors than to chance disastrous run. had no run and our bank is in excellent condition,' he said. "As as plans have been worked out by Mr. Amos, we will make an of our Intentions, expecting to pay all depositors in full.' Deposits in the Bank of Coral Gables were 33 per cent in excess of withdrawals. This information is contained in statement given to The Herald last night by Telfair Knight, president of the bank. Mr. Knight stated that he was very gratified to report the fact that the deposits were so greatly in excess of withdrawals, as evidencing the confidence that the people of Coral Gables have in the bank. Mr. Knight announced that the Bank of Coral Gables has made adequate for sufficient cash reserve to cover all demands which might be made upon the bank "Northern bankers at present visiting Coral Gables on matters of great importance to that city have expressed their entire confidence in the future of Coral Miami and greater Miami," said Mr. Knight, who added that they viewed the present financial flurry as purely temporary in character and no economic effect whatever upon the future of the city. Increased deposits were noted by officers of the Third National Bank and South Florida Trust Company, they said Small lines of depositors' formed in the banks 'in the morning to draw their money, but the movement was was said. The Morris Plan Bank invoked Its 30day notice of withdrawal rule, but had no appreciable demand, F. D. Felt, president, said. Mayor E. G. Sewell issued the following "This is an awfully good time for the Miami people to keep their heads and not act foolish. "Banks are operated in the interest of the people to facilitate the handling of funds the danger of loss by robbery. It also great protection from bandits who stop at nothing so long as they have an idea they can get money. "Banks have a great expense in keeping your accounts and providing facilities for handling your funds, hence is necessar for them to keep part of the funds which they have on deposit loaned out and drawing interest. "It is my opinion that Miami has today some of the strongest banks in the United States and it is very unfair to these banks for their customers to go into frenzy and line up by the hundreds and try to draw out their funds all at once. It might be good idea for the people who are doing this to stop and reflect few minutes on fairness, and ask themselves the question if they are being fair to the banks and the community. regret very much the necessity for the taking over the Southern Bank and Trust Company. However, I believe that this bank will be re-organized an early date, but if necessary liquidate its af. fairs believe the depositors will receive their money in full. There were number of brought on which worked against the interests of the Southern Bank and Trust Company believe that the public as has the utmost confidence in J. E. Lummus, president of this "The City National Bank as now organized is owned and controlled by very strong financial institutions. "The and First National Banks have in business here over 25 years and weathered many a storm, including the panic of 1907. They passed the trouble brought about by the Manley Bank System of Atlanta, which had many in Florida and they weathered the hurricane season of 1926 and the attending difficulties They have the strongest New York connections possible These banks have been for their conservative policies and sound banking principles am now amazed to note that a lot of otherwise sensible people would get excited and line up in front of the paying tellers as they did yesterday "The larger business firms of Miami are making their deposits in these banks as usual. My firm deposited in the Bank of Bay Biscayne yesterday .000. We will make another deposit today of business and propose making daily deposits of all funds available. We are doing this as we have the utmost confidence in these banks and in the ability of the men operating them. The city of Miami has on deposit about $400,000 the Bank & Trust Company nearly all amply protected by Liberty bonds, treasury certificates, and listed securities, Griffin, city finance dlrector, said. The city also has $5,000 on deposit the Citizens Bank protected by Liberty Bonds of the value of $5,000. Several hundred persons deposited funds and opened new with the Miami Postal Savings system in the post office, the gaining more than $48,000 during the day, R. Valliere, assistant postmaster, said. As quickly as the funds were taken in, they were re-deposited in the First National and City National banks, he said. The Postal Savings one of the largest in the country, maintains a balance of more than $1,000.000 in the First National Bank, Mr. Valliere Quarterly statements as of December 31, call, showed the Southern Bank to have deposits $5,138,112 the Citizens Bank, $149, 480.55 and the Bank of Allapattah, $103,387.25. With deposit approximating $770,000. Dade County was one of the largest of the Southern Bank & Trust Company, Hugh Peters, chairman of the county commission, explained The exact amount of the deposit was not known, he said, but at the close January the county had $769,000 in the bank The present deposit is either several thousand more, or several thousand dollars less than this amount, Mr. Peters said. A total of $615,000 worth of liberty bonds and $100,000 worth of Coral Gables municipal securities are held by the county as security for the deposit. The deposit included the county payroll account, road and several other funds. Salary payments, Mr. Peters said, will not be delayed by the bank's closing Funds in other banks will be drawn upon, he said. don't think that the closing of the Southern Bank & Trust Company will cause any to county road work or on the Seventyninth street causeway The board has the utmost confidence in J. E.


Article from The Chickasha Daily Express, February 7, 1928

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time handing out money to depositors as they demanded it. Other or the city today had prepared for their possible part in the emergency. Increased supplies of currency had been requisitioned. Nearly all of them experienced slight withdrawal increases early yesterday, but several reported Inter that deposits showed a jump, the City National announcing a $400,000 boost. James H. Gilman, president of the Bank of Bay Biscayne, largest bank of the section, and next to the First National, most heavily beleaguered in yesterday's excitement, announced "While withdrawals were numerous, due to unfounded rumors which cause temporary excitement, we have satisfied every demand and we have on hand and in transit sufficient funds to comtinue do so, President E C. Jomfh of the First National Bank, declared that the Jack-


Article from The Springfield Daily Republican, February 8, 1928

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POISON NOTES BRING RUN ON MIAMI BANKS Miami, Fla., Feb. With cash coming in from the re. in district, Miami's major banking Institutions prepared last night meet possible rush that might develop as result of excite ment following the action of Ernest taking the affairs of three banks here today. Romfh, president of the First not closed but heavy run day expressed the ad ditional would not be needed, though may continue heavy for few days until pubconfidence is completely restored. Gilman, president the bank of Bay Biscayne. Miami's bank nu merous to unfounded rumors that excite ment, satisfied demand and hand and in transit sufficient continue to Clark Davis, president of the City National, the other member of Mia that had withdraw at his institution by $400,000 Third National and Morris Plan deposits for the day and the opinion prev alent that crisis had been passed Comptroller Amos took Bank and Trust company the E. had continued for several days. apparently prompted by circulation letters. Several these were mailed m., January according Mr Lummus, exhibited one "Quietly get your of Southern Band and money Trust company going HIfollowed by Masonic symbol. the source of these letters under way, but yet no dividual have been connected with There more people in tortured skini druggists. the United States now than 25 years but there are 22,000,000 fewer SYLPHO-DINE cattle, sheep and swine to promeat for them.


Article from Courier-Post, February 8, 1928

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MIAMI BANK RUNS SUBSIDING QUIETLY Outside Funds Rushed to City; Officials Are Optimistic Miami, Fla., Feb. Runs on Miami banks, which began when three closed yesterday, were subsiding today, although small depositors had not recovered fully from their fright. Many people were reopening their counts in the First National Bank of Miami, an official of the institution said today but few small savings accounts were being closed today The First National had received $5, 500,000 in cash early today by train from the Jacksonville branch of the Sixth Federal Reserve bank, and another $1,500,000 had come by airplane Monday No banks had closed since the Southern Bank and Trust Company, the Citizens Bank of Miami and the Bank of Allapattah were taken over by State Comptroller Ernest Amos Monday Amos announced he expected to have the Southern Bank and Trust Company in condition to reopen March 15. Officials of the First National Bank of Miami and the Bank of Biscayne were optimistic about the situation. Long lines before their windows today were not indicative of a run, they The Bank of Bay Biscayne was losing only "penny savers with small savings accounts," an officer of that institution said. He added that their reserve was in splendid shape. GOOD TRADE Two Scots were coming out of vaudeville show. "Well, that was grand juggler," Jock remarked. "He 'What exclaimed the other. vas the worst ever saw "Weel, maybe he wasna verra clever, but gave him a bad ten-shillin' note for trick and he gave me back a guid one.


Article from Sapulpa Herald, February 8, 1928

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RUNS ON BANK MADE MIAMI. Fla., Feb. 8.-(LP)-Runs on the Miami banks followed the closing of three on Monday, appeared definitely over today. At 10 a. m., not a single account withdrawal was reported by the First National Bank of Miami or the Bank of Bay iscayne. two institutions that rushed $6,000,000 in gold from Jack sonville yesterday to meet possible demands.