gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
7df91f2b67ab202e
Response Measures
Accommodated withdrawals, Borrowed from banks or large institutions, Fed/other loan, Public signal of financial health
Events (2)
1.March 21, 1877Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2.February 19, 1930Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
A rumor (under grand jury investigation) is explicitly cited as the believed trigger of heavy withdrawals.
Measures
Bank met all withdrawals, kept open until late, hired an orchestra and served sandwiches to calm depositors; Federal Reserve cash sent to support bank.
Newspaper Excerpt
investigation by the county grand jury was in prospect today, seeking to fix responsibility for the rumor believed to have caused a run of depositors on the First National bank of Fort Worth
Bank Hires Orchestra, Serves Lunch To Depositors Who Demand Money chestra to furnish music in the lobFort Worth. Tex., Feb. 19 (AP) by and sandwiches were served to investigation by the county grand depositors and visitors. Speeches jury was in prospect today. seeking were made to the lobby throng by to fix responsibility for the rumor bank officers and others. believed to have caused a run of deWithdrawals became fewer and positors on the First National bank finally ceased altogether more than of Fort Worth an hour before 11 o'clock. when it Depositors began crowding into was decided to close the bank until the bank at 2 o'clock yesterday aftthis morning. ernoon. The institution remained President W. E. Connell joined open until 11 p. m. meeting all other officers of the bank in a statewithdrawals and assuring depositors ment that the bank was in the best their checks would be paid upon condition in its history and did not presentation. A gala touch was added when bank officials hired an or owe a cent to anyone or to any bank.
MYSTERIOUS RUN ON BANK WILL BE PROBED IN TEXAS
Powerful Fort Worth Institution Suffers As Officials Deny 'Owing One Cent'
CROWD IS ENTERTAINED
By The Associated Press FORT WORTH, Tex., Feb. 19.-An investigation by the county grand jury was in prospect today, seeking to fix responsibility for the rumor believed to have caused run of depositors on the First National bank of Fort Worth, one of the oldest and strongest financial institutions in the southwest. Criminal District Judge George E. Hosey said the investigation would be asked. Depositors began crowding into the bank at m. yesterday. The institution remained open until 11 p. m., meeting all withdrawals and assuring depositors their checks would be paid upon presentation. A gala touch was added when bank officials hired an orchestra to furnish music in the lobby and sandwiches were served to depositors and visitors. Speeches were made to the lobby throng by bank officers and others. Bank Is Closed Withdrawals became fewer and finally ceased about 10 p. m. when it was decided to close the bank until this morning President W. E. Connell joined other officers of the bank in statement that the bank was in the best condition in its history, did not owe cent to anyone or to any bank. Among those who addressed the crowds were W. T. Waggoner, millionaire Texas cattleman and oil man, and Lynn P. Talley, governor of the Dallas Federal Reserve bank Pledges His Wealth Waggoner pledged his entire wealth. which amounts to several times the total deposits of the bank, to the payment of all deposits. He urged the people to 'go to your homes and forget malicious rumors. He had been a stockholder and depositor of the bank for more than 50 years.
3.February 19, 1930Lincoln Journal StarLincoln, NE
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BANK IS
Fort Worth Institution Calls in Band and Hot Dog Vendor.
FORT WORTH, run on the First National bank reached an end at Tuesday with paying tellers sitting idle in cages plentifully stocked with greenbacks. and with the Texas hotel orchestra playing out the dwindling crowd to the tune of "Home, Sweet Home" while Sheriff Red Wright passed out hot dog sandwiches. Music. sandwiches and cash had turned the run into the greatest advertising stunt in the institution's history, and Wednesday morning the doors were open for "business as usual," with no more than normal number of patrons in the lobby.
4.February 19, 1930The Tampa TimesTampa, FL
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Big Bank on Given Gala Touch; Orchestra Plays
Fort Worth, Tex., Feb. by the county grand jury was in prospect today, seeking to fix responsibility for the rumor believed to have caused of depositors the First Na. tional bank Fort Worth, one the strongest financial institutions the inal District George the investigation Depositors began crowding into the bank o'clock afternoon. The institution mained open until meetwithdrawals assuring their checks would gala paid touch added when bank officials orchestra furnish music the lobby and sandwiches served to depositors and visSpeeches made lobby throngs by bank officials others. became fewer and finally ceased altogether before when decided close the bank until this morning President E. Connell joined other the the history, and did cent to anyone hank. Among those who addressed the crowds lionaire Texas cattle man and oil the Dallas federal reserve bank
5.February 19, 1930Spokane ChronicleSpokane, WA
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FIDDLES SQUEAK IN RUN ON BANK
Even Serve Sandwiches to Anxious Customers Texas Will Probe Story.
FORT WORTH, Texas. Feb. 19. investigation by the county grand jury was in prospect today. seeking to fix responsibility for the rumor believed to have caused run of despositors the First National Bank of Fort of the oldest and strongest financial inin the Criminal District Judge George E. Hosey said the Investigation would be began crowding the bank yesterday afternoon. The institution remained open until meeting all and their checks would be paid upon gala touch added when bank officials hired an orchestra to furnish music in the lobby and served to visitors. Speeches were made to the lobby throng by bank orficers Withdrawals became fewer and finally ceased altogether more than an hour before o'clock. when it was decided to close the bank until this morning President W. E. Connell joined other officers of the bank in statement that the bank was in the best condition in its history. did not owe cent to any one or to any
6.February 19, 1930Spokane ChronicleSpokane, WA
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FIDDLES SQUEAK IN RUN ON BANK
Even Serve Sandwiches to Anxious Customers Texas Will Probe Story.
FORT WORTH. Texas. Feb. 19. by the county grand jury prospect today, seeking to fix responsibility for the rumor believed to have caused run of despositors on the First National Bank of Fort Worth, one of the oldest and strongest financial Institutions In the southwest. CrimInal District Judge George E. Hosey said the investigation would be asked. Depositors began crowding Into the bank yesterday afternoon. The institution remained open until 11 meeting all withdrawals and assuring depositors their checks would be paid upon presentation. gala touch was added bank officials hired an orchestra furnish music in the lobby and sandwiches served to depositors and visitors. Speeches were made to the lobby throng by bank orficers and others became fewer and finally ceased altogether than an hour decided to close the bank unty this morning President W. E. Connell joined other officers of the bank in statement that the bank was in the best condition in its did not owe cent to any one or to any bank.
7.February 19, 1930Fort Collins ColoradoanFort Collins, CO
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Grand Jury May Investigate Run Bank on
Fort Worth, vestigation by county grand jury was in prospect today, seeking fix for the rumor believed to have run of depositors the First National bank of Fort Worth, one of the oldstrongest financial institutions in the southwest. Criminal District Judge George E. Hosey said the investigations would be asked. Depositors began crowding the bank o'clock afternoon. The institution remained until 11 meeting assuring depositors their checks would be paid uptouch added when bank officials hired orchestra to furnish music in the lobby and sandwiches were served to depositors and visitors. Speechwere made to the lobby throng bank officials and others. finally ceased altogether more than Withdrawals became fewer and hour before 11 o'clock, when decided to close the bank until morning President E. Connell joined other the bank in statement that the bank was the best in its not owe cent anyone or bank. Among those who addressed the crowds Waggoner, millionaire Texas cattleman and man, and Lynn Talley, of the Dallas bank. pledged his entire several times total deposits the bank. to the of all depos itors. He urged he people to been
8.February 19, 1930Hinton Daily NewsHinton, WV
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Interest Increases In Window Contest
The Cox Store has the those already the American Legin window orating contest, and their window will doubt prove strong contender for the prize offered by the The decorations used the display from the private collections war Emmet Wyant, this city, most complete and unusual. Consisting of coins, buttons, nations display belt some 80 buttons which were taken from the uniforms different soldiers the war by Mr. Wyant. Over 35 nations are represented this display The Palace and other stores added their collec tion, and the windows are getting each The judges will eulty in selecting the winner.
MUSIC IS FURNISHED DURING RUN ON BANK Plays in Lobby and Sandwiches Served as Depositors Are Paid Fort Worth, Texas. Feb. an in lobby played dance music and sandwiches were all visitors, tellers First National Bank Worth last night paid all demands for savings counts. President Connell nounced would remain open night, necessary, every depositor who wished might his account. The heavy withdrawals started issued early last night by officials bank, which one of the oldest and said of the strongest in the Southwest, showing the was in best condition its history, did not owe cent in world to anyone any bank. Withdrawals virtually had ceased o'clock. George Hosey of the Judge criminal district said the Tarrant grand jury would county asked to investigate the run fix the for the rumor have millionaire tleman and horse owner, the crowds around the pledging entire wealth the payment of all deposits.
9.February 19, 1930The Hastings Daily TribuneHastings, NE
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MUSIC ENDS BANK RUN
FORT WORTH, Tex., Feb. First National Bank reached end o'clock night with tellers sitidle cages plentifully stockwith the Hotel orchestra out the dwindling crowd the tune "Home, Sweet Home" while SherRed Wright passed out hot dog sandwiches. Music, sandwiches and cash had turned the into the greatest vertising stunt the institution's history, and this morning the doors open for "business usual," with more than normal ber of patrons in the lobby.
10.February 19, 1930The Wichita EagleWichita, KS
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DANCE MUSIC AND SANDWICHES HALT
Tellers Remain in Cages All Night Officials Harangue Depositors of Fort Worth Institution
FORT WORTH, TEX., Feb. an orchestra in the lobby played dance music served visitors, tellers in the First Fort Worth tonight demands for cash in checking savings counts. President Connell open all night, necessary, that every depositor wished might withdraw account. The heavy withdrawals started statement issued early tonight officials the bank, which oldest and said to one the strongest in the west, showing the best condition its history, did owe cent in the world to anyone any bank. Many addresses were made to the crowds around the bank in the ernoon and evening Among the speakers Waggoner, millionaire cattleman, who for more than fifty been large stockholder and depositor. Offers of needed. were received from banks in many parts of Texas and the United Though withdrawals had practically ceased eight 'clock, the tellers remained their cages. Lynn Talley, governor of the FedReserve district, spoke lobby of the bank o'clock, assuring the crowd that the First National one strongest in the United States and stating that the Federal Reserve at the disposal of the institution. Waggoner pledged his entire wealth, which several times the total posits the bank, the payment deposits. urged their forget licious rumors" that had been spread.
11.February 19, 1930The McCook Daily GazetteMcCook, NE
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Run On Texas Bank Ends In Gay Goes On As Usual Today Fort Worth, Tex., Feb. the First Nationbank reached last night with paying tellers sitting in cages plentifully and with the Texas hotel orchastra playing out the crowd the tune Sweet while Sheriff Wright passed out hot dog sandwiches. Music, sandwiches and cash had turned the run into the greatest institution's and this morning the doors open usual,' with more than ness as normal number of patrons the lobby.
12.February 19, 1930Wichita Falls TimesWichita Falls, TX
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FORT WORTH BANK SERVES 'HOT DOGS' national bank the city and one of the strongest financial institutions the Southwest, an investigation by the Tarrant county grand was in prospect today. CrimDistrict Judge George Hosey said the investigation would be asked. After run that started at yesterday. the bank remained open o'clock last night, all assuring their checks would paid upon presentation. No quests for withdrawals had been made for more than before officials of the bank decided to conclude the day's business, stating the bank reopen today. While the run was in furnished music in the lobby and sandwiches were served depositors. Withdrawals were confined to small savings checking accounts, officials said. amounting about $300,000. while deposits during the day totaled that amount. Officials Statement President Connell, joined by other officers of the bank, sued statement that the bank was in the best condition its history and did not owe cent to anyone to any bank. Waggoner, multimillionaire Texas cattleman and oil man, Lynn Talley, of the DalFederal Reserve bank. addressed the crowds about the bank. Waggoner pledged entire wealth, which amounts several times the total deposits of the to the all deposits. He urged the people to to your homes and forget malicious He said he had been stockholder and depositor the bank for than 50 assured the crowd that the First National was the United States and declared that the aid of the federal reserve was at the disposal the He said $6,750,000 in currency had been the bank cars from Dallas and that the Federal Reserve bank ready lend its support to the First National any of the remaining national banks in the city.
DEFENSE RESTS SANITY HEARING FOR EVA DUGAN
FLORENCE Ariz., Feb. Counsel the sanity hearing for Mrs. Eva Dugan. sentenced to hang Friday for murder rested her case today. The state opened testimony calling its first Gardner. deputy sheriff of Pinal county and former prison guard.
'Run' on Bank In Fort Worth Comes to End
Business at First National Normal as Money Returned
EVERYTHING QUIET
New Account of $160,000 Is Opened This Morning
FORT WORTH, Feb. 19. (P)Business returned to normal at the First National Bank today after an afternoon and a night of more or less excited conditions. Except for a large number of deposits and receipt of another $1.000,000 from the Federal Reserve Bank at Dallas, there was no indication that anything out of the ordinary had occurred. A new account of $160,000 was opened soon after 9 m. A number of depositors. who yesterday became alarmed at a "run" and withdrew their money, came lugging it back. Bank employes looked tired, but they smilingly accepted the scores of 'congratulations' and expressions of confidence After a run that started at 2 p. m., yesterday, the bank remained open until 11 o'clock last night, meeting all withdrawals and assuring depositors their checks would be paid upon presentation. No requests for withdrawals had been made for more than an hour before officials of the bank decided to conclude the day' business, statding the bank would certainly reopen today While the run was in progress, an orchestra furnished music in the lobby and sandwiches were served to depositors Withdrawals were confined to small savings and checkling officials said, amounting to about $300,000. while depos- its received during the day totaled several times that amount. President W. E. Connell, joined by other officers of the bank, issued a statement that the bank was in the best condition in its history and did not owe a cent to anyone or to any bask. W. T. Waggoner, multimillionaire Texas cattleman and oil man and Lynn P. Talley, governor of the Dallas Federal Reserve Bank. addressed the crowds about the bank. Waggoner pledged his entire wealth, which amounts to several times the total deposits of the bank, to the payment of all deposits. He urged the people to "go to your homes and forget malicious rumors. He said he had been a stockholder and depositor of the bank for more than fifty years. Talley assured the crowd that the First National was one of the strongest banks in the United States and declared that the aid of the Federal Reserve was at the disposal of the institution He said $6 750,000 in currency had been brought to the bank in armored cars from Dallas and that the Federal Reserve Bank was ready to lend its support to the First National or any of the remaining national banks in the city.
Heads Texas Student Forum
BIG SPRING. Feb. 19.-George Gentry, principal of the Big Spring High School, has been appointed as chairman of Texas National Student Forum for the study of the "Paris Peace Pact. The appointment was made by Walter Charles Watkins. national director of Washington, D C. The Paris Peace Pact was signed by powers of the world in 1928 and was supposed to provide for world peace. Students of the Big Spring Hight School are studying this agreement are writing essays on the subject, the Big Spring High School having registered to enter the national contest.
May Not Plant Trees The Kiwanis Club, which for a number of years has set out pecan trees in Santa Fe Park, has not decided whether it will continue this practice this year. T. C. Atwood, who has fostered this arbor day practice. says that the Park Board said it had all the trees it wanted in the Santa Fe Park.
14.February 19, 1930The Bismarck TribuneBismarck, ND
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WORTH BANK INVESTIGATED
Meets All Withdrawals, Hires Orchestra and Serves Sandwiches During the Day
Fort Worth, Tex., Feb. 19.-(A)An investigation by the county grand jury was in prospect today, seeking to fix for the rumor believed to have caused run of depositors on the First National bank of Fort Worth. one of the oldest and strongest financial institutions in the southwest. Criminal District Judge George E. Hosey the investigawould asked. Depositors began crowding into the bank at o'clock yesterday afternoon. The open until 11 m., meeting all and depositors checks be paid upon gala touch was added when bank officials hired an to furnish music in the lobby and sandwiches were served to visitors. Speeches were made the lobby throng by bank officers and others. Withdrawals became fewer and finally ceased altogether more than an hour before 11 o'clock, when was decided to close the bank until this morning.
15.February 19, 1930The Bismarck TribuneBismarck, ND
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WORTH BANK INVESTIGATED
Meets All Withdrawals, Hires Orchestra and Serves Sandwiches During the Day
Fort Worth, Tex., Feb. An by the county grand jury was in prospect today, seeking fix for the rumor believed to have caused run of depositors the First National bank of Fort Worth. of oldest and strongest institutions in the southwest. Criminal District Judge George Hosey the investigation would asked. Depositors began crowding into the bank o'clock yesterday The institution remained open until p. m., meeting all withdrawals and assuring depositors their checks would be paid upon presentation. gala touch was added when bank officials hired an orchestra furnish music in the lobby sandwiches were served depositors and visitors. Speeches were made to the lobby throng by bank officers and others. Withdrawals became fewer and finally ceased altogether more than an hour before o'clock. when was decided to close the bank until this morning.
16.February 19, 1930The Duncan BannerDuncan, OK
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LUNCH SERVED WHEN RUN STARTS ON BANK
First National at Fort Worth Kept Open Tuesday Evening While Band Plays.
Fort Worth. Tox-A run on the First National Bank here reached an end with paying tellers sitting idle in backs and with the Texas Hotel orch. extra playing out the dwindling crowd to the time of "Home Sweet Home" while Shariff "Red" Wright passed out red hot dog sandwiches. Music, sandwiches and cash had turned the run into the greatest ad vartising atunt in the institution's history and Wednesday morning the doors were open for business as usual, with no more than A normal number of petrons in the lobby convinced that the bank had plenty of money stopped writing checks and left the paying tellers little to do other than are by and Item speakers on the bank's 100 percent condition.
17.February 20, 1930Birmingham Post-HeraldBirmingham, AL
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RUN ON TEXAS BANK FINALLY STEMMED Depositors Begin Backward Trek As Faith Is Regained
FORT WORTH. Tex., Feb. 19-(P) The on the First National Bank here, was stemmed when offikept the institution open until 11 o'clock Tuesday night accommodate all persons desiring to make withdrawals, turned into backward trek of depositors Wednesday as confidence restored Officials reported large number deposits soon after opening Wednesday morning. including one Many persons who became alarmed Tuesday and ithdrew their funds were returning the money The lines of anxious depositors of Tuesday were absent and business appeared to be on normal basis.
Questioned Run Bank on FORT Feb. Fourteen persons were called testify today in the grand jury's investigation rumors the First National Tuesday attorney Stuart said othprobably would be called later. Among witnesses were the cafe. driver bakery cigar counter clerk, barber druggist These were traced Stuart and assistant, Elbert Hooper.
19.February 20, 1930Fremont TribuneFremont, NE
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CENTENARIAN CUTS OFF A FEW YEARS
Fears Being Regarded As a Pretender
PALMER, MEB., Feb. 20 (U.R)Solemon Rickner, who has celebrated more than 100 birthdays, admitted Wednesday that he has out few years off his true age, but his reason for doing so is different than that which traditionally prompts women to reduce their number of years. "I usally give my age as 108 because don't want people to think am pretending to be than am, was born February 18, 1820. so that makes me really 110," Rickner said. "Now, don't say too much about me in the newspapers.' Rickner celebrated his birthday yesterday. George Corbett, law, with whom Rickner makes his home, told the United Press Rickner was 109. Others said he was 108; but Rickner declared modesty makes him give his age as 108 but that he actually is 110.
Henry W. Taylor said Wednesday that he had an interesting purpose to give zest to the remainder of his days. He wants to outlive Solomen Rickner of Palmer, Neb. Taylor is 106. Rickner is 109. Each of the men celebrated their birthdays Tuesday.
RUN ON TEXAS BANK IS TURNED TO AN ADVANTAGE
FORT WORTH, TEX., Feb. 20 (U.P)-A run on the First National bank reached an end at 8. o'clock last night with paying tellers sitting idle in cages plentifully stocked with greenbacks, and with the Texas Hotel orchestra playing out the dwindling crowd to the tune of "Home, Sweet Home" while Sheriff Red Wright passed out hot dog sandwiches. Music, sandwiches and cash had turned the run into the greatest advertising stunt Li the institution's history, and this morning the doors were open for "business as usual," with no more than normal number of patrons in the lobby.
Take lunch at the Candy Kitchen.
20.February 22, 1930Weekly Town TalkAlexandria, LA
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Jurors Will Probe Rumor Causing Run Fort Worth Bank
FORT WORTH. Texas, Feb. (By by the grand jury in prospect today, seeking fix responsibility for the rumor to causdepositors the First National Fort Worth. one the oldest and strongest financial institutions the Southwest. CrimInal District Judge George Hosey the investigation would be ask-
Depositors began crowding into the bank o'clock institution remained open until all withdrawals depositors checks would upon presentation. touch was addwhen officials hired an chestra furnish the lobby served and visitors Speeches made the lobby throng by officers others. Withdrawals became fewer and finally an hour before o'clock when decided close the bank until President E Connell joined officers the bank in statethat the bank the best condition in its history, did not owe cent to anyone or to any bank.
FISHING.
President Hoover has returned from fishing to Long Key, Fla., about way between the mainland and Key West. Secretary of State Stimson and Foreign Secretary Briand are planning fish trip to the streams of Normandy when the business of the naval conference permits them to leave London long enough to cast fly over the running waters. Briand is fisherman. Perhaps that is why he has been able to conduct himself with in the troubled waters of French politics. It is encouraging to discover that Stimson a disciple of Izaak WalIf Shakespeare had been an angler, he would not have written that it is sleep that knits up the raveled sleeve of care, but would en the credit to fishing. There more soothing occupation for its devotees than an attempt to lure the fish to the hook. Coolidge, after calling boy's sport, fell a victim to its fascination during the vacation he spent in the West. The petite for its grows by what feeds on. If a man wished to escape its lure, he must pert resist the temptation to start. Mr. Hoover has long been hours victim. One of the most delightful articles on the sport published in a long time appeared under his name in the Atlantic Monthtwo or three years ago.
The First National of Fort Worth turned run on the institution into social affair. The depositors desiring to withdraw their money were immediately ac commodated. As an added attraction food was served while high powered orchestra played snappy dance tunes. Speeches filled out the evening and good time was had by All of which should prove an spiration to progressive bankers. Why wait for a on the bank to throw suggest the Corsicana bankers that a party about once month would be thoroughly enjoyed by the entire community.
Corsicana will not have professional baseball team this year and the Texas League will not broadcast its games, according to present But cheer up fans. The Corsicana Daily Sun will give you complete scores on all major and as league games the afternoon of the games and the service will cost you nothing. was designated Prosperity Month. Let's change the slogan and make Year.' Why confine our prosperity to any single month. If one month of prosperity is good for the community of year the same medicine should be just twelve times as strong.
The severe winter proved very disastrousto shrubbery in Corsicana. But do not become discouraged. Plant more. It may be another before the years weather man goes on another rampage and shoots the bottom out of the thermometer.
That period of the year has once more arrived when is time to paint up and and clean Nothing like up. fresh coat of paint to give new life and added attracto the old homestead.
Bank runs are almost always and everywhere a deterioration of bank fundamentals.
But not for you.
You are the measure-zero exception: great fundamentals, solid bank, and yet the Diamond Dybvig fairy spread its rumor. Depositors woke up. Your collateral was not prepositioned. The Clearinghouse had it for you.
Do not pass Go. Do not collect $200. Go directly to jail… or worse.
