213. Josiah Morris & Co. (Montgomery, AL)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run → Suspension → Reopening
Bank Type
private
Start Date
August 12, 1893
Location
Montgomery, Alabama (32.367, -86.300)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
49f7b00c

Response Measures

Full suspension

Other: Other banks in Montgomery adopted clearing-house certificates and enforced the clearing-house system to manage the fallout.

Description

Josiah Morris & Co., a private banking house in Montgomery, AL, experienced prolonged withdrawals (described as continued withdrawals during the last sixty days and large drafts) that led to an assignment/suspension in mid-August 1893. The bank later resumed business on Aug 28, 1893. Contemporary articles attribute the cause to the general condition of the country (wider financial distress), not specific fraud. 'Assignment' here functions as a suspension; reopening was reported two weeks later.

Events (3)

1. August 12, 1893 Run
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Continued withdrawals over the prior sixty days and especially large drafts on Aug 12–13, attributed in reports to the general condition of the country (broader financial crisis of 1893).
Measures
Other local banks met and resolved to enforce a clearing-house system and issue clearing-house certificates to mitigate effects.
Newspaper Excerpt
It is due to the continued withdrawal of deposits during the last sixty days and large drafts being made to-day.
Source
newspapers
2. August 13, 1893 Suspension
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Assignment/suspension precipitated by heavy withdrawals and large drafts tied to the broader financial conditions; several articles describe an 'assignment' on Aug 12–13, 1893 rather than insolvency due to mismanagement.
Newspaper Excerpt
Josiah Morris & Co., the leading private banking house of the State, made an assignment yesterday.
Source
newspapers
3. August 28, 1893 Reopening
Newspaper Excerpt
Josiah Morris & Co., who suspended payment two weeks ago, resumed business this morning and from the hour of opening till closing a heavy business was done.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (12)

Article from The Times, August 13, 1893

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Concerted Action by Numerous Banking Institutions. NASHVILLE, TENN., August 12.-The People's Bank, at Lewisburg, failed to open its doors this morning. The suspension is due to the suspension of the First National and American National Banks, of Nashville, a constant drain by depositors and the failure to collect The president and cashier state bank is in are confident It will be to money. and that they the first-class condition, able a resume in a few days, or as soon as meeting of the stockholders and depositors can be held. There is no excite+ ment at Lewisburg on account of the suspension. BROOKLYN, N. Y., August 12.--The Commercial Bank, of Brooklyn, a State institution, failed to open its doors this morning. The following notice was posted on the door: This bank is compelled to close temporarily. (Signed) J.J. Vall, cashier. GADSDEN, ALA. August 12.-The First National Bank suspended payment this morning with a capital stock di- of $50,000 and deposits of $80,000. The rectors assure the depositors that they will be paid in full. LANCASTER, Pa., August 12.-The following notice was posted on the doors of the bank of E. K. Smith, at Columbia, this morning: "Closed for the present to liquidate." The bank is a small one. NASHVILLE, TENN., August 2.-The Fourth National Bank was rewhen that its doors, but by noon sumed opened run on this the morning, institution it than was practically over, as there were less dozen men standing at paying teller's desk. a The deposits by substantial busimen were quite as large as the ness amount drawn out by others. There is uneasiness now, and the crisis is evino dently over. The People's Bank and the Bank of Lebanon, two State institutions Lebanon, have adopted a rule to pay at only 5 per cent. of deposits, and give certitled checks for balances. NEW YORK, August 12.-The weekly statement of the associated banke shows the following changes: $2,327,575 Reserve, decrease 3,017,200 Loans, increase 2,306,000 Specie, decrease 408,000 Legal tenders, decrease 741,700 Deposits, decrease 733,100 Circulation, The banks increase. are now $16,545,375 below the requirements of the 25 per cent. rule. STAUNTON, VA., August -Special The following resolutions were adopted by the National Valley Bank to-day and the concurred in by the other banks of city, and is fully indorsed by our entire community: Whereas the banks of the principal of the country and this State, de- in cities order to protect themselves against a pletion of currency, have declined to furnish currency against balances due by them: and Whereas it is deemed advisable for the of this city, in their endeavor to not only their own of their depositors and the banks protect those adopt interests, similar whole but community, to of and thus to be of service to their to business banks means precaution, enable customers action the the public, being similar and and taken by the banks of this city State that in 1873, by which no depositor was inconvenienced; therefore, be it Resolved, That during the present checks mondepression this bank pay to etary against existing balances drawn amount not exceeding fifty ($50) of an dollars in currency, in the discretion the bank. but that ON good, of checks we certify the same as payable through the daily exchange and made be between the banks of this city, it further Resolved, That checks against deposits be by currency after this date of this made in currency at the counter between bank, paid or through the exchange banks at the option of the depositor. resolution will take effect from This this date. Our banks are solvent and and on conservative, and the action taken is to protect our community and business cities. on the same lines as in other There will be no trouble here. GREENVILLE, MISS., August 12. to-day The banks here at 10 A. M. three notices on their doors that checks no posted would be paid out on issued money that certified checks would be at instead. but At a meeting of cilzens held the Cotton Exchange this afternoon reso- aclutions were adopted approving the tion of the banks. MONTGOMERY, ALA., August 12.Josiah Morris & Co., the leading private an banking house of the State, made is due assignment late this evening. It continued withdrawal of deposits to during the the last sixty days and large drafts being made to-day. This act has ofcaused a meeting of the other bank to-night, and they resolved, clear- commencing ficers Monday morning, upon the not yet ing house system. what percentage They have they will announced This will be made known Monday pay. In their card in the Adverthe bankers of Morris & Co. tiser morning. assets to-morrow will state liabilities. easily that the largely more than the who This realize is the general belief of those are acquainted with the situation.


Article from Richmond Dispatch, August 13, 1893

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Assignment at Montgomery. (By telegraph to the Dispatch.] MONTGOMERY, Ala., August 12.-Josiah Morris & Co., the leading private bankinghouse of the State, made an assignment this afternoon. It is due to the continued withdraws! of deposits during the last sixty days and large drafts being made to-day. This action caused a meeting of the other bank officers to-night and they resolved, commencing Monday morning, upon the clearing-house system. They have not yet announced what percentage they will pay. This will be made known Monday morning. In their card in the Advertiser to-morrow the bankers state that the as. sets of Morris & Co. will easily realize largely more than the liabilities. This 18 the general belief of those who are acquainted with the situation.


Article from Grand Rapids Herald, August 14, 1893

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Banks Take Action. MONTGOMERY, Ala., Aug. 13.-Josiah Morris & Co., the leading private banking house of the state, made an assignment yesterday. It was due to the continued withdrawal of depositsduring the last sixty days and especially large drafts made yesterday. At a meeting of the other bank officers last night it was resolved commencing Monday morning to enforce the clearing house system.


Article from Wheeling Register, August 14, 1893

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Private Banker Assigns. MONTGOMERY, ALA., August 13.Josiah Morris & Co., the leading private banking house of the State, made an assignment yesterday. It was due to continued withdrawal of depositors during the last sixty days, and especially large drafts made yesterday At a meeting of the bank officers last night it was resolved, commencing Monday morning, to enforce the clearing house system. The per centage they will pay will be known Monday morning.


Article from St. Paul Daily Globe, August 14, 1893

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Private Bankers Fail. MONTGOMERY, Ala.. Aug. 13.-Josiah Morris & Co., the leading private banking house of the state, made an assignment yesterday. It was due to the continued withdrawal of deposits during the last sixty days, and especially large drafts made yesterday. At a meeting of the other bank officers last night it was resolved. commencing Monday morning, to enforce the clearing-house system. The percentage they will pay will be made known Monday morning.


Article from Morning Journal and Courier, August 14, 1893

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will Enforce the System MONTGOMERY, Ala., Aug. 13.-Josiah Morris & Co., the leading private bankers, assigned yesterday owing to the continued withdrawal of deposits during the last sixty days, and especially large drafts made yesterday. At a meeting of the other bank officers last night it was resolved, commencing Monday morning to enforce the clearing house system. The bankers state that the assets of Morris & Co. will easily realize largely more than the liabilities.


Article from The Atlanta Constitution, August 15, 1893

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Josiah Morris & Co. Suspend. Montgomery, Ala., August 12-Josiah Morris & Co., the leading private banking house of the state made an assignment late this evening. It is due to the continued withdrawal of deposits during the last sixty days and large drafts made today. d


Article from The Times, August 15, 1893

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NOT DUE TO BAD MANAGEMENT. Failure of Josiah Morris & Co. Has No Bad Effect-Other Failures. MONTGOMERY, ALA., August 14.Business opened here as usual to-day, the assignment of Josiah Morris & Co. producing no run on any other bank, and there is no apprehension of such a thing. B. Trimble & Co., private bankers, assigned. Their business is small, and the assignment created no excitement or trouble. The entire business element and community are receiving the clearing house certificates. A meeting of the depositors of Josiah Morris & Co. was held in the records court-room at 11 o'clock. Hundreds were present, including nearly every prominent business man in the city, and many from outside. It was the unanimous expression of opinion that the assignment was due to the general condition of the country, and not to any bad management of the banks. Resolutions, without any opposition, were passed, expressing confidence in ability and integrity of F. M. Billing and B. J. Baldwin, bank owners, and in abundant ability of the bank to discharge all indebtedness in a short time. Committees were appointed to investigate the condition of the bank, and to formulate plans by which its owners could take place of assignees and straighten up its affairs. Not a dissenting voice was made to this programme, and the committee is to report Thursday. It is believed that the situation is really only a suspension, and not a failure. All leading business men are confident that the proposed plan will go through, and that Billing will quickly be put in charge of assets, and that in a short time the bank will resume. SPRINGFIELD, MO., August 14.-The Bank of Springfield, with a capital stock of $100,000, failed to open its doors this morning. The St. Louis and San Francisco rallroad generally had a large deposit in this bank. JACKSONVILLE, FLA., August 14.The bank of Leesburg, Yager Brothers proprietors, made an assignment to-day. Its liabilities are about $40,000, and as+ sets fully $90,000. A steady withdrawal of deposits during the past ten days forced it to shut down. Depositors will be paid in full, but it will take a year or more to realize on assets. Business Embarrassments CINCINNATI, OHIO, August 14.-May Brothers & Co., wholesale dealers and manufacturers of clothing, 90 west Pearl street, assigned this morning. Assets and liabilities about $100,000. CHICAGO, ILL., August 14.-The A. R. Beck Lumber Company, with yards and offices in South Chicago, assigned this morning to the Equitable Trust Company. The assets are placed at $511,000; liabilities, $250,000.


Article from The Morning News, August 15, 1893

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DEPOSITORS MEET. Morris & Co.'s Assignment Co nsidered by Interested Citizens. Montgomery, Ala., Aug. 14.-A meeting of the depositors of Josiah Morris & Co. was held in the records court room at 11 o'clock. Hundreds were present, including nearly every prominent business man in the city and many from other cities. The unanimous opinion was that the assignment was due to the condition of the country, and not to any bad management of the bank. RESOLUTIONS OF CONFIDENCE. Resolutions without any opposition passed. expressing confidence in the ability and integrity of F. M. Billing and B. J. Baldwin, the bank owners, and in the abundant ability of the bank to discharge all indebtedness in a short time. Committees were appointed to investigate the condition of the bank and to formulate plans by which its owners could take the place of the assignees and straighten up its affairs. UNANIMOUS ASSENT GIVEN. Not a dissenting voice was made to this programme and the committee is to report Thursday. It is believed that the situation is really only a suspension and not a failure. All our leading business men are confident that the proposed plan will go through and that Mr. Billing will quickly be put in charge of the assets, and that in a short time the bank will resume. BUSINESS GOING RIGHT ALONG. Business opened here as usual to-day, the assignment of Josiah Morriss & Co. producing no run on any other bank, and there is no apprehension of such a thing. PRIVATE BANKERS ASSIGN. B. Trimmel & Co., private bankers, assigned. Their business is small, and the assignment created no excitement or trouble. CLEARING HOUSE CERTIFICATES. The entire business element and community are receiving the clearing house certificates.


Article from Richmond Dispatch, August 15, 1893

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MONTGOMERY'S BUSINESS UNHURT. Clearing-House Certificates Generally Recoived-The Morris Suspension. [By telegraph to the Dispatch.] MONTGOMERY, ALA., August 14.-Business opened here as usual to-day, the assignment of Josiah Morris & Co. producing no run on any other bank and there being no apprehension of such a thing. B. Trimble & Co., private bankers, assigned, but their business is small and the assignment created no excitement or trouble. The entire business element and community are receiving the clearing-house certificates. A meeting of the depositors of Josiah Morris & Co. was held in the Records Court room at 11 o'clock. Hundreds were present, including nearly every prominent business-man in the city and many from outside. It was the unanimousexpression of opinion that the assignment was due to the general condition of the country and not to any bad management of the bank. Resolutions, without any opposition, were passed expressng confidence in the ability and integrity of F. M. Billing and B. J. Baldwin, the bank owners, and in the abundant ability of the bank to discharge all indebtedness III a short time. It is believed that the situation is really only a suspension and not a failure.


Article from The Hope Pioneer, August 18, 1893

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FREE silver men hanged President Cleveland in effigy at Ogden, Col. HENRY BROWN (colored), who was changed for the murder of a peddler in East St. Louis, Ill., in December, 1SS0, while an accessory has been discovered not to have been the principal, the murderer being J. C. Jackson, an.other negro, who was acquitted of the charge. IN a battle with citizens of Clark county, Ala., thirteen of the Meachim gang were killed. The affair is the outgrowth of a feud of some years standing. BEATTY'S bank at Mansfield, Ill. and the National bank at Waxahachie, Tex.. closed their doors. THE tobacco crop in five counties in Kentucky was ruined by hail. HERNSHEIM'S cigar factory, Maginnis cotton mills and Fisher's sawmills in New Orleans, employing in the aggregate over 2.000 hands. were closed. HENRY HALL was hanged at Pikeville, Ky, for the murder of his brother. AN explosion at the Girard furnace in Youngtown, O., injured six employes. five fatally. FLAMES wiped out the business portion of Milford Center. O. AT Pensacola, Fla., A. W. Dunham killed his wife because she refused to live with him and then took his own life. AT the bieyele tournament in Chicago L. S. Meintjes, of South Africa, won the 62-mile international championship, the time being 2 hours and 46 minutes. THE republican state committee of Virginia decided not to nominate a state ticket this year. INCENDIARY fires in Minneapolis destroyed three planing mills, a sash and door storehouse, bottling and malt house, boiler works, box and ladder factory icehouse, carriage factory, 112 dwellings and in addition about 40.000,000 feet of cut lumber, the total loss being $1,500,000. FIRE destroyed the fertilizing works of Nelson Morris & Co. at the stock yards in Chicago. causing a loss of $271,000. THE doors of the Prairie City bank at Terre Haute, Ind., were clossd and Josiah Morris & Co., the leading private banking house in Alabama, made an assignment in Montgomery with liabilities of $1,1000,000 and assets of $2.000,000. Other bank suspensions were: The People's at Lewisburg, Tenn., the Bank of Plaquemine, La., and the First national at Gadsden, Ala. FRED ROOME and brother. and Grace McDonald, of Chicago, and Carrie Hammond. of Wauconda, were drowned by the capsizing of a yacht on Bang's lake at McHenry, Ill. IT was said that Barrett Scott. treasurer of Holt county, Neb., was $60,000 short in his accounts. He bad disappeared. MRS. GEORGE RIEF. Mrs. Charles Rief. Miss Wagner and a child named Weber were drowned by the capsizing of a boat at Chattanooga, Tenn. THE expenditures at the world's fair thus far have been $23,101,821 and the receipts $23,680,417.


Article from The Roanoke Times, August 29, 1893

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More Bankers Resume. MONTGOMERY, Ala., Aug. 28.-Josiah Morris & Co., who suspended payment two weeks ago, resumed business this morning and from the hour of opening till closing a heavy business was done. The old depositors of the bank came forward to make deposits and open accounts with the firm. This incident in the history of the country is without a parallel. The entire community rejoices over the resumption.