First National Bank (Omaha, NE)

Episode Information

Episode UID
20901294
Episode Type
Suspension β†’ Reopening
Bank Type
national
Bank ID
2090 national
Charter Number
209
Start Date
October 28, 1907
Location
Omaha, Nebraska (41.259, -95.938)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
33c6ec1e91b7c9be

Response Measures

None

Events (3)

1. January 20, 1864 Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2. October 28, 1907 Suspension
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Omaha clearing house banks suspended full currency payment and issued clearing-house certificates amid the nationwide 1907 financial crisis
Newspaper Excerpt
All national banks in Omaha ceased paying currency in more than $100 amounts
Source
newspapers
3. November 11, 1907 Reopening
Newspaper Excerpt
Some country banks have resumed full currency payment; depositors are taking money from the sugar bowl and placing it in country banks. Farmers and Merchants bank ... advertised that all checks would be paid in currency and made good.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (5)

Article from Bismarck Daily Tribune, October 29, 1907

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

FINANCIAL CONDITIONS IMPROVING--CLEARING HOUSE CITIES ASSUMING NORMAL CONDITION Worst of the Crisis Is Over on Wall Street---Chicago Payrolls Kept Up--Fargo Banks Issue Certificates One Bank Failed in Kansas City Will Issue Certificates Fargo, N. D., Oct. 28-Banks of this city and of Moorhead, Minn., today deNEW RESERVES cided to issue clearing house certificates, beginning with tomorrow. PRESIDENT HAS CREATED FOUR Only One Bank Failed in Kansas City NEW BIRD AND ANIMAL REKansas City, Mo., Oct. 28-Outside SERVES ON PACIFIC COAST. of the failure of the Bankers Trust Company with deposits of $800,000 Washington, Oct. 28-The president there was no real trouble here today. has issued an executive order creatThis bank was considered the weakest institution of its kind here and its ing four new bird and animal reserves on the Pacific coast; one on the Three failure caused no surpise and hand no Arch Rock Reservation in Oregon and apparent effect upon the general situathe other three in Washington, on the tion. No other banks were affected, Flattery Rocks, Quillayute Needles and there were no runs on any of the and Cohalis Rock Reservations. Wardbanks or in Kansas City, Kansas. ens will be appointed by the departThe refusal of banks to restrict the ment of agriculture to supervise these e payments of currency caused but litreserves. The Shasta National Forthe embarrassments. All national banks est in California has been increased by in Omaha ceased paying currency in the adition of 87,000 acres in Siskiyou more than $100 amounts today and on county. 'S small accounts only 20 per cent of the amount on deposit will be paid for amounts above 20 per cent of the deposit for which clearing house certifin cates are issued. ELLENDALE The City Savings Bank, the only one in this city this morning took advantage of the sixty days clause and is not paying cash under any consideraWIPED OUT it tion. All state banks in Omaha have taken similar action to that of national nbanks. eFire Fiend Devastates Another More Reserve Than Required Topeka, Kan., Oct. 28-John Q. Royce, state bank commissioner, in a Dickey County Town statement issued tonight, says that practically every one of the 741 banks $35,000 Worth in Kansas is carrying fifty per cent more reserve than the law requires. Many banks are carrying fifty per Fire in Same Town Six Months Dcent of their deposits in cash. While it is only required that they carry Ago Destroyed $50,000 twenty per cent. It is not the fault of the bankers that reserves are so heavy Worth of Property but deposits within the last few if months have been SO great that it has dbeen impossible to loan money as fast Ellendale, N. D., Oct. 28-Fire broke as it came in. out in Ellendale early Sunday mornId Little Trouble in Windy City ing, and before it could be brought una Chicago, III., Oct. 28-Very little der control the flames had destroyed trouble was caused here today by the twelve business blocks at a total loss paction of the clearing house associaof $35,000. About $15,000 insurance tion in limiting the amount of money was carried on the insured property to be paid out by the banks No lives were lost. n, The flames started in a barn in the Business today was almost entirely rear of the Irwin hotel. The fire on the checking basis and was apparth ently normal in all directions. The spread to the hotel and the structure to was razed to the ground. In turn the banks adopted the rule of not paying 1e out currency in amounts greater than high wind carried burning cinders and Osparks to the livery barn, pool hall, $100 unless funds were required for payrolls. If depositors desired money general store and were only stopped at the office of the North Dakota Recin excess of $100 they were asked to take a cashier's check for the amount. ord at 6 o'clock Sunday morning. The volunteer fire department did In all savings banks the rule requiring legal notice was enforced if the splendid work in fighting the flames depositor wished to withdraw an and were ably assisted by the citizens of the town. The fire was the greatest amount greater than $100. The rule was elastic, however, and the banks disaster in the history of Ellendale P. and will be a hard blow to the town. imposed a hardship upon no one. About six months ago this city was Money desired for the payment of visited by a terrific fire which laid rent, insurance policies, or for neceswaste about $50,000 worth of property sary traveling was paid out promptly. ce and many of the business men had In cases where notes were to be paid, tly just recovered from that loss when the banks usually asked that the notes he their blocks were again destroyed yesbe presented to them for payment. terday. The only semblance of a run during he the day was at the Hibernian Savings Bank, where many depositors gave al notice during the day of their intenrs NO CURRENCY tion to withdraw. These notices in re the aggregate, however, were not of so sufficient amount to constitute a run. a NEBRASKA BANKING BOARD REAt one time the Hibernian Bank beFUSED TO SHIP CURRENCY, BUT came so crowded that it was found MAY HELP BANKS. ge. necessary to call upon the police headny quarters for additional aid in controlling lines of depositors who were inLincoln, Neb., Oct. 28-Secretary tent upon giving notice to the bank. Royce of the state banking board tobut there was no confusion worthy of day sent the following telegram to Nebraska bankers: the name and no excitement at any time. rst "Banks in clearing house cities of At the close of business for the day this state are refusing temporary to its all banks declared themselves at satship currency to outside points owing ent to like action of eastern clearing house isfied with the business of the day and WO were greatly pleased with the manner banks and for the present our city rein which the businessmen of the city banks are paying depositors limited tyhad met changed conditions. The beamounts in cash. The banking board in lief is expressed here that the method will render all possible aid to banks consistent with its duties." (Continued on page 8)


Article from The Mena Weekly Star, October 31, 1907

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

THE WEST TAKES ACTION Clearing Houses of Various Busi. ness Centers to Issue Certificates to Members. MOVE MADE TO HOLD CURRENCY IN BANKS On Account of efusal of Kansas City and Chicago to Ship Currency to Country, all Banks in Oklahoma are Closed for one Week by Governor's Proclamation. Kansas City, Mo., Oct. 29.-The Kansas City Clearing House association in conference here Sunday night requested the Associated Press to send out the following statement to its country correspondents: "To the Bankers of the Southwest:"In view of the action taken by the clearing houses of New York, Chicago, St. Louis and other cities, in order to protect the business interests of Kansas City and the Southwest, the Kansas City Clearing House association will issue clearing house certificates as needed, and will require all payments to be made through the clearing house. "It suggests that banks make all payments by drafts payable through the clearing house only. "Kansas City Clearing House Ass'n." Bankers say this precautionary action was made necessary for the protection of local financial institutions because the same action had already been taken by the clearing houses of the larger cities of the East. The Bankers' Trust company closed its doors at 10 o'clock Monday morning. W. C. Irwin, assistant secretary of state, took charge and posted a notice on the front door making the announcement. The Bankers' Trust company had taken over the assets of the old City National bank. It has $200,000 in stocks of state banks in Missouri and Kansas and about $300.000 deposits from these banks. Its affairs were in such shape that the secretary of state had been watching it for a month. Chicago, Oct. 29.-Financiers and bankers of Chicago Sunday night looked forward with hopefulness to the probable continuance of the present financial solvency of Chicago banks and trust companies, basing their expectations on the protective measures taken by the clearing house association Saturday night in ordering the issuance of clearing house certificates and the putting in force of the legal notice that may be required for the withdrawal of of savings bank deposits. The Clearing House association neld a long meeting Sunday to discuss the possible developments in the present money stringency and to perfect details of the new plan adopted to ward off a possible scarcity of cash. Oklahoma City, Oct. 28.-On demand Oklahoma City, Oct. 29.-On demand Gov. Filson has issued a proclamation closing the banks of the territory for a week. The action was taken because the banks of Kansas City and St. Louis refused to forward cash to the banks of the southwest. It is said that a consultation of the bankers of Okla homa, Indian Territory, Arkansas and Northern Texas, by means of telephone, took place during the early hours Monday morning, and all have taken a similar action. There had been no uneasiness in this city and the bankers say the deposits last week were greater than at any previous week in the month. The closing is for the purpose of protecting the banks in case of a run. Since the banks here could not get cash Kansas City in case a run, considered the risk they from too carrying great. of The banks of this city are the small banks over have ritory. many of They arraigned to to this carry issue terhouse certificates have of the are clearing them The until banks conditions southwest improved. furbecause to move It was necessary to crop. ther mand embarrassed for cash the of get the cotton cash defrom the east to meet the demands. The refusal of those banks to forward cash caused the banks to take radical steps to protect themselves. Omaha, Neb., Oct. 29.-All national banks in Omaha ceased paying currency in more than $100 amounts Monand on small accounts 20 cent of the will be For only posit day morning per paid. amounts amount on house above de of deposits clearing are issued. satisfied with 20 certificates ness per men cent are Generally the certi- busified but the are over positors cheeck system, uneasy the situation. small only one deThe City Savings bank, the in of the 60 day vantage this city, Monday morning clause considera- took and ad is not paying cash under any tion. All state banks in Omaha have taken similar action to that of the national banks.


Article from Omaha Daily Bee, November 11, 1907

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

PAYING DEPOSITORS IN CASH Two Country Banks that Are Not Dependent Upon Wall Street for Funds. That the country banks are not dependent on Wall street, J. Pierpont Morgan nor John D. Rockefeller is shown by the fact that some of them have resumed full currency payment, and as a result depositors are taking the money from the sugar bowl and family stocki 1g to place it in the country banks, when offer all kinds of money to customers when demanded. The Farmers and Merchants bank of Benson was one of the first to advertise that all checks would be paid in full. Last Thursday a card appeared which announced that when the bank opened Saturday everything would be paid in currency. A he bank made good. It was ready with silver, gold, greenbacks and national bank notes. Customers could have old money or new money in amounts only limited by what the customer had on deposit. As a result of the resumption of payment in currency the bank has received many hundred dollars more on deposit than it paid out Saturday. Another bank had a queer experience with the telegraph companies and paid out large amounts of cash before the president learned that the city banks had suspended currency payment. This was the Bank of Dakota City. Word sent to President Ayres did not reach him until two days after the banks of Omaha and Sioux City suspended and Mr. Ayers kept on cashing checks. When he learned that the city banks had suspended and he could not get currency which he night need, he made up his mind that his deposits would exceed the money drawn out, and adopted the policy of paying everything in cash. Mr. Ayers has had the same experience as the Farmers and Merchants bank of Benson and his deposits have increased steadily for the last two weeks. In Omaha the situation will remain unchanged possibly for the coming week. & hings are in the best of shape and no clearing house meetings have been nece3sary nor even contemplated, according to President Yates. Probably there will be no set date for the annuling of the clearing house rule. Gradually the banks will become more liberal with cash, and the cashiers' checks will disappear like torn bills as they are redeemed by the banks.


Article from Omaha Daily Bee, December 6, 1907

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

PAYING CASH KEPT DEPOSITS State Banks Come Through Flurry with Big Reserve. BRANDEIS AND HAYDEN PAY CASH Depositors Got Real Money When They Wanted it and Neither Deposits Nor Reserves Have Been Affected. State banks of Omaha, which have paid cash in full to depositors presenting checks since the clearing house banks of Omaha decided to suspend full cash payment and issue cashiers' checks, have come through the weeks of the flurry since October 27 with flying colors, as shown by statements issued to the State Banking board Thursday. Notable among the reports of the banks of Omaha is that of J. L. Brandeis & Sons, bankers. This bank has advertised widely in newspapers and street cars that it would pay depositors money and not cashier's checks "when they want it." It has also taken care of many pay checks drawn on other banks, and the Saturday preceding the date when the lid went on the bank recelved more than $17,000 in pay checks drawn on other banks. Reserves Are Large. By the statement it is neticed that the bank has deposits of $621,042 and a cash reserve or $189,868. The reserve is equal to 30 per cent of its deposits, though the legal reserve for state banks is but 20 per cent. The Brandels bank has $63,660 more cash than is required by law. The statement made Thursday compared with the statement of the bank November 30, 1906, follows:


Article from Omaha Daily Bee, October 25, 1908

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

PANIC FICTION IN OMAHA No One Knows What Happened a Year Ago Monday Morning. TURNING ON WHEELS KEPT Elimination of Surplus Stocks and Decrease of Debt Have Been Features of Year Following Currency Starvation. What happened in Omaha a. year ago Monday morning? The same thing which happened in New York City but five days before. But the general public did not know what it was, nor does one man in 100 now know the significance of October 28, 1907. There is nothing by which the average citizen can remember the date. no reason why he should keep it in mind even for a single year. It was not a black Friday, but a queer and sunny morning in October. For some reason the public did not know what, the banks proposed to make gold and silver coin and national bank notes only the media of final paymenit; issue checks by bonds deposited with a clearing house committee and make braces of crooked figures on the bank books do more work than silver dollars and gold certificates. This the general public could not understand. To the man or woman wholly unfamiliar with financial and business affairs it was not an easy matter to explain why the leading bankers of Omaha held a meet ing in the rear rooms of the First National bank which was attended by representat.ves of the financial institutions of Omaha and South Omaha. That they met early in the afternoon-stayed in the smoke-filled room until late at night, used the long-distance telephones to towns all over the state and to Chicago and Kansas City, it was a known fact. But the meaning of it all was a mystery. The morning newspapers told of the meet. ing and shouldered a tremendous responsibility, but the optimism of true conditions was employed and when the banks opened, though the public suspected, only a few of the customers were unreasonable oppressive In demanding full payment of deposits in money, while the reasonable were told simply that the bank in Omaha, though they had no reason to do so because of their condition, had taken the precaution of refusing to pay currency except in small amounts to prevent the eastern banks from drawing the cash from the vaults and the people from hoarding money which should have been left in the banks to facilitate business. But the pride of the west was hurt. The pride of Omaha was injured. Bankers themselves were humiliated and many opposed the adoption of the plan because they had never before refused to pay any man, in any kind of money he might name, every cent which he had entrusted to him. Unlike Other Panics. Looking backward over the days which have followed Monday morning. October 28, It is apparent that history never repeats itself in all particulars, but is constantly repeating itself in some particulars; similar circumstances appear in some combinations and similar combinations recur under varying circumstances, hence the probabilities of the future may be inferred from the past. In the financial cycle of 1907-1908 history did not repeat itself 80 far as Omaha and the vast area between the Missouri river and the Rocky mountains are concerned. No financial panic ever had the same effect on business in Omaha, touched industrial and commercial interests so lightly: saw growth in improving conditions begin so early and a golden age of general prosperity appear so near at hand. Compared with other financial cycles in the history of the west, the socalled "panic" which began just a year ago, sinks into nothingness. A cow started the great Chicago fire and a blunder quite as bovine and much less excusable because perpetrated by men of supposedly human intelligence started the combustion of confidence that swept from Boston harbor to the bay of San Francisco, when the spark was struck in Wall street-the Rome of America. As Mrs. O'Leary's cow made a place in history because Chicago was a boom city with a great amount of boom construction: so the imitators of the lamp-kicking bovine in Wall street, made a place and started a panic because business was booming and there had been during 1907 boom buying by merchants and dealers; booms in real estate and also in stocks and bonds. Omaha Shares Undeserved Trouble. What was true in Omaha was true in every other city and center where lines of business are about the same. Things were not exactly flimsy. But the long gray cribs of yellow corn on the farms, the granaries and corrals, encouraged the agricultural class to buy liberally, knowing the money would be coming in within a few weeks. The country merchant saw the trade coming and more than prepared for it. Wholesalers and jobbers knew the crop was not much more than two-thirds of what it was the year before, but prices were better and they bought liberally. The factories had been running overtime and the warehousΓ«s of Omaha were full. even after heavily. the country merchants had bought Prepared for moving the crops of the west. as they always are. Omaha banks had more cash in their vaults than usual and as the corn would not all be gathered for four or five weeks the country banks allowed a large amount of money to remain on deposit in the banks of Omaha. Paper which matured in August and September was renewed with the usual care, but the west was generous with the east just previous to the trouble and some Omaha money was placed in the east. During the ten months of 1907 a large amount of money had been invested by Omahans in city real estate and 1,000 homes had been erected. Some increase in values was noticeable, but none who had bought for investment were threatened at any time with a loss of interest by the falling of rents. Such was about the condition in Omaha