20888. Caldwell & Company (Nashville, TN)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Suspension → Closure
Bank Type
private
Start Date
November 7, 1930
Location
Nashville, Tennessee (36.166, -86.784)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
47829e26

Response Measures

None

Description

Caldwell & Company (investment banking house) was placed in receivership in early November 1930 (articles cite receivership November 7 and related actions). The event is a suspension/receivership that led to permanent closure of the concern; subsequent legal actions and indictments followed. Articles describe heavy withdrawals at other banks triggered by Caldwell's receivership, but the primary event for Caldwell is receivership/closure rather than a depositor run on Caldwell itself.

Events (4)

1. November 7, 1930 Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
federal receiver was appointed for Caldwell & Company ... after the bank had closed an revealed that the securities deposited September 25 were found among assets and the cash hand had been dissipated ... Lee Douglas, appointed Thursday night by Judge John Gore of the United District Court receiver for Caldwell & Co. said today ... received by Birmingham ... creditors' bill in the Caldwell & Company receivership suit and ordered creditors present their claims against the company before ... Novem ber 7/November early November references in articles (1930).
Source
newspapers
2. November 7, 1930 Suspension
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Investment house placed in receivership after discovery of financial difficulties, missing/dissipated securities and alleged improper substitutions of collateral; legal proceedings followed and receiver appointed by federal court in early November 1930.
Newspaper Excerpt
placing of Caldwell & Company, investment bankers of Nashville, Tenn. in receivership November 7.
Source
newspapers
3. November 15, 1930 Other
Newspaper Excerpt
ASSERTS POLITICS DELAYED CRISIS OF CALDWELL & CO. ... state deposits the Bank Tennessee has announced ... Lee Douglas of Nashville was appointed ... (discussion of political charges and investigating).
Source
newspapers
4. March 20, 1931 Other
Newspaper Excerpt
CALDWELL NAMED IN TWO INDICTMENTS ... The bank suspended November 5 and went into receivership November ... Caldwell & Company went into receivership. Criminal charges alleging receiving deposits in insolvent bank returned by grand jury March 1931.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (11)

Article from The St. Louis Star and Times, November 15, 1930

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ASSERTS POLITICS DELAYED CRISIS OF CALDWELL & CO. Nashville Paper Says Machine Re-Elected Gov. Caldwell First. Continued from Page One. staved off until after the votes had been cast the general November and half election the Horton administion back of the on the tration The are that Rogers Caldwell was of the successful organization and that day, after Horton was of victory the affairs of Company were turned over to the Nashville bank- Lea Quits Reserve Board was supThe planted late Thursday by a federal the announcing retiring because inability creditors alof pay though the books company Lee Douglas of Nashville was appointed by Judge Gore petition of Fred Dean of Birming. and former bond buyer for the A new was the of Lea as the Federal Reserve Bank for the Sixth Federal Reserve District, which includes Tennessee Attorney General L. D. Smith whose staff work. ing day and night in an investigastate deposits the Bank Tennessee National Bank has announced that will meet newspapermen today "give out all the information have." Statement Clements. KNOXVILLE TENN. Nov (Special Following the statement, in part, issued by State Senator-elect Clements Caldwell and Company sit uation: "For more than two years it has been the financial afof Tennessee the of small group of headed by Rogers CaldCaldwell & Democratic primary prominent Democratic the present state administration made charges that state funds were being controlled manipulated by the aforesaid financial group for their private gains Prior the Novemelection these reiterated by Republican appeared in all of charges have become matter of common It the the tion of our citizens viewed the charges as political "The Tennessee are now however faced with the naked truth financial state ment filed the Davidson County the case of the Bank of Tennessee plain that millions in state and county funds have been swept the financial abyss, result that road building and other improvethese funds can be replaced by additional bond the women and faced about Bank could not help having feel ing against the group of barons who wrought and created such distress in the HolstonUnion Bank and confidence in the officials of this bank depositor will be does not relieve taxpayers caused by the failure exto resolution for of the of and for of the of state funds during If shows an im. use the the limit of my abil. that all with be prosecuted to the full of the law if they have any of our


Article from New Britain Herald, November 17, 1930

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Half May Reopen, Remainder Face Financial Troubles of Serious Nature WITHDRAWALS EXCESSIVE, OFFICIALS TELL PUBLIC American Exchange Trust Co., of Little Rock First to Lock Doors as Result of Run Started by Caldwell & Co., Collapse-Nervous Depositors Make Situation Difficult by Depleting Deposits. Little Rock, Ark., Nov. 17 (AP) Officials of the A. B. Banks & Company, Arkansas financial institution, announced today that 30 banks in the state with which the company is affiliated haye suspended payments to depositors for a period of five h days. Eight other affiliated banks advised the A. B. Banks & Company they were remaining open. The company officials said they had not heard early today from 11 others in the affiliation as to what action they were taking. Follows First Closing The decision of the board of directors of the American Exchange Trust company of Little Rock, the largest bank in the state, to suspend payments and close for five days resulted in the temporary closing of the others, the Banks company announced. A. B. Banks, president of the American Exchange Trust company, is interested in the other affiliated banks. Arkansas banking laws provide a bank may suspend payments to depositors for five days and re-open at the end of that period or be placed in the hands of the state banking department. With the exception of the Amerf ican Exchange Trust company here, the Merchants & Planters Trust Co. of Pine Bluff, and the Merchants & Planters bank at Helena, those closing are comparatively small institutions. S J. J. Harrison. vice president of the A. B. Banks & Company, said he expected "at least half" of the banks will reopen. d The temporary closing of the American Exchange Trust company was attributed by the directors to public excitement resulting from the placing of Caldwell & Company, investment bankers of Nashville, Tenn. in receivership November 7. Excessive Withdrawals A statement by directors of the American Exchange Trust company said the suspension was "forced upon us by excessive withdrawals totaling more than $4,000,000 during the past ten days, following the announcement of financial difficulties of Caldwell & Company, investment bankers of Nashville, Tenn. "The affairs of Caldwell and ComI pany are remote from Arkansas and nothing but an excited public mind (Continued on Page Three)


Article from The Daily World, November 17, 1930

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MEN AND WOMAN THREE FOR BANK ROBBERY HELD El Dorado, Ark., Nov. Three men and a woman suspected by officers here of having been implicated in the robbe of the Bank of Farmerville, at. Farmer22, are under ville, La., on Sept. arrest in Silver City, N. M., Shetiff J. W. Harman was advised today. They are Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Kern, Ward Hunt, alias Jim Yarrell, and J E. Edwards: They were arrested on vagrancy charges last night in a pool room in Silver City. The Government of Uruguay is reported to be considering the purchase of railways in the country. 000, deposits of between $50,000,000 of and resources and $70,000,000. approximately Mr. Brown recently announced proposed ffiliation of interests of the Bank of Kentucky and Caldwell & Company, of Nashville, now in receivership, had never been consummated.


Article from The Atlanta Journal, November 17, 1930

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LOUISVILLE BANKS CONSERVE ASSETS BY CLOSING DOORS Arkansas Group Suspends Payments for 5 Days as Precaution LOUISVILLE Ky., Nov. Closing of the National Bank of Kentucky here Monday was followed by five similar banks closing up as precautionary here and one Franklin Ky Meanwhile presidents the other banks city issued statements asserting their institutions were solvent every respect would not be affected The National Bank of Kentucky of which James president, was hands Paul Keyes comptroller general's office It's The other Louisville banks closed were the Security Bank which it was stated closed purely as preLouisville Company which affiliated the Bank of Kentucky negro the American Mutual Savings Bank the First Standard Bank The latter two are not members of the local clearing through the Louisville Trust Brown's Statement Brown issued the following statethe following statement withdrawals in the past week and constantly increasing rumors on the streets was deemed advisable by majority the board directors close the bank at temporarily the and The Bank Kentucky founded in 1834 the Bank Kentucky, and in its last statement listed total as and deposits of Directors the bank in their resothe this bank for the benefit of its creditors Directhe trust company said the insitution was placed in hands the banking Kentucky conserve its assets and benefit all concerned, the officers believed the Kentucky Formed Three the Company approved unification of the stock the trust with stock of the Na Bank of On July 19, 1929, co-incident with the the the Company participation shareholders National Bank Kentucky and the Trust Company were offered stock two shares BancoKentucky for each Trustees share Wednesday Mr. Brown who also president the an the merger would be pleted by December adding the institution have with the of the company deposits and $50,000 of approximately Mr recently announced that proposed affiliation the interests the Bancokentucky and Caldwell & Co. in receivership, had never consummated 30 A. B. BANKS CO. DOORS IN ARKANSAS ROCK, Banks & Co that thirty banks in Arkansas with which affiliated pay ments to depositors Monday for pe riod of five Several affiliated banks advised the Banks & Co. they remaining The company not early Monday several others as decision the board Trust Little Rock largest in the late day night to suspend and for resulted in the temporary closing of the others the With the exception of the American and Pine Bluff and the and PlantBank Helena, those are Least Half" to Reopen J. Harrison president of the least half" of the banks will closing the Exchange Little Rock as permitted under state law was attributed directors to lic hysteria from the placing bankers Nashville Tenn., in re. affairs of Caldwell & are nothing but public mind could forced the closing this strong bank statement by the American board Mr announced Caldwell had placed in interests in American had been pur chased by local capitalists Under the five-day closing law banks may reopen at the expiration the period placed charge the State Bluff the ond largest in the and the the largest Banks director of the former the bank Protects Depositors and the rest the bank has pay ment of deposresuming payment within five We have in bonds and sight exchange than the legal requirements he depositors in that the of each and may be basis, the added tion American Exchange Lit tle had 000 on September mately the date of the last bank The board's statement said 000 withdrawn during the past few The Bluff bank on September 24 had deposits bank Saturday had deposits officials said. List of Banks Involved The banks which Mr Banks and are business Today for five days pended were announced by the company as Bank Altheimer, North Bank, Batesville: Peoples Bank of McRae: Eudora Bank and Trust Company, Eudora: Arkansas Bank and Trust Company, Hope Bank Bauxite, Bauxite Benton Bank Trust Company, Benton; Arkansas Bank, Carlisle: Bank of Carthage Carthage Bank, Casa: of Clarendon: Farmers' Bank Dardanelle: Hampton Hampton: Cleburne County Bank Heber Springs Merchants Planters Bank Helena Bank of Houston. Houston Merchants & Planters' Bank Cleveland County Bank Kingsland: Chi Company Lakevillage: Little Bank Morrilton Trust Newport: Bank Pangburn, Pangburn: Perry State Bank Perry Merchants' Planters' Bank Trust Company, Pine Bluff: Bank of Star Star Victoria Bank, Strong First State Bank, Bank, and Bank of Wabbaseka, Wabbaseka The banks affiliated with Mr. open for busithe company Bank Fordyce and First National Bank Fordyce; Bank of Harrisburg First National Bank, Min. Springs Bank Stephens and Bank Waldo, Waldo Efforts Junction the First National and Banks of at of ficials CREDIT STATE OF TENNESSEE NASHVILLE General Smith said Monday he was not prepared anthat approximately securities that destatement Saturday not among assets of the closed bank of These securities. Mr. Smith said in his as part the bank's assets September of Robertnon examination Cash in excess of was on that time the attorney eral reported and this, with the the superintendent that the bank was November Nash ville bankers over the affairs banking house which the Bank of Tennesdecided liquidate the bank Mr Robertson receiver for in Chancery Court on After the bank had closed an revealed that the securities deposited September 25 were found among assets and the cash hand had been dissipated The filed in Chancery Court, hand at $32.55 Hopeful of Recovery The Mr part of the them to the assets Bank Tennensee list 25, explained banks and purpose the disappearance has not reached the point where ment can be made as to its probable made leads 'that assets claimed by investment banking corporation of which the Bank Tennessee was merely subsidiary are in reality the Tennessee and may the purpose of applying Lee Douglas, appointed Thursday night by Judge John Gore of the United District Court ceiver for Caldwell & Co. said today he did when an concern would be ready for Credit Offered State banks has been appointed for the Bank charge Monday Mr also ing for the Liberty Bank closed Thursday Mr not long the liquidaIn the Bank of Tennessee and the Liberty Bank & Trust both of and the Naat closed Attorney General said than funds of state of Tennessee are Because of the funds tied in Bank & Trust Co of New York the state offered to place also the cem der in the Chattanooga BANKING TROUBLES OVER, TENNESSEE OFFICIAL SAYS an optimistic the situation nessee saying everybody is over along lines He the opinion that banking troubles are During and the nationally house Caldwell ship mergers banks have other of the fortNovember a committee of bankers took the & and the Bank subsidiary week the Union National Bank closed Last Thursday federal receiver was appointed for Caldwell & which and the same night the Bank Trust deposit in closed Holston Union Bank assigned Monday by Mr as the son for the closing of the Campbell County Bank and Trust Company Jackson deposit, constituted the Campbell Bank's entire reserve fund Mergers Announced In Nashville the Fourth and First National Bank was merged into the American National Bank joining the two largest banking institutions the and the TennesseeNational Bank, following an all-day run. taken over by the ComUnion In Knoxville the East Tennessee National Bank the East Tennessee Savings and the City National Bank an institution known the East Tennessee Bank With the combining of the Fourth and First National Bank and American National Bank, James E Caldwell president of the former, announced his retirement He is the father of Rogers Caldwell, presCo., and had been the head the and First tional Bank it was formed by merger of the Fourth National Bank and First National Bank two decades ago. Mr. Caldwell said he thought he had "right to retire after his banking In the Bank of Tennessee, the Liberty Bank & Trust Company and the Holston National Bank Attorney General D Smith has reported more of state funds are The state has been offered credit by the Chemical Bank & Trust Company, of New $1,000,000 has been offered Chattanooga for highway and bridge the The McElwain Megular Bank and Trust Company Franklin Ky., the fifth to close Its said had down because the Bank Kentucky one of its and its depaid in Security Suspends In Louisville slightly than patrons at banks but nothing approaching was noted and bank officials optimistic statements that the public would not become excited Crowds around the National Bank of Kentuc the Louisville Trust Company delayed traffic slightly and special police were on The Security Bank's temporary suspension notice follows Although the opinion of Its the Security Bank the directors and to safeguard the rights depositors, deemed advisable that the bank should susleast temporarily, and that its affairs be placed in the hands the State Banking Comwho make due report of the Missing $3,840,000 Attorney Smith has not yet announced what steps he plans approximately securities that he said were deposited by the Bank of Tennessee September 25 as part of its assets of the state subanks, but not found among the assets after the receiverSmith revealed in statement that he advised the state treasurer to much of his funds he could from the Holston Union Bank without threatening its said. this bank was affiliated business Caldwell & Company and all probability would be affected the precafious of the latter $300,000 draft that the however, was paid before the bank closed Judge John J. Gore Monday sustained petition for general creditors bill in the Caldwell & Company receivership suit and ordered creditors present their claims against the company before The creditors or from any separate suits against Caldwell & Company parties to "any and all suits now against Caldwell Company,' enjoined from further except by consent of the by Birmingham The the credibill by Fred Dean of Birmingham, complainant SHARES LOWER IN CHICAGO TRADE Bancokentucky shares affiliated with the National Bank Kentucky which sold down drasticalthe Stock Exchange Monday compared Saturday of Sales at Monday had reached total 6,500 shares while the total sales last week were 9,800 has sold high as 25 this year and week's high mark After opening Monday advanced to 2 TWO BANKS AT Ky., MERGE WITH CITY PADUCAH Nov City City National Bank of Paducah Monannounced the purchase of the First National Bank and the Trust Savings James Utterback president of the City announced bank had acquired all assets other institutions and had guaranteed their deposits Directors National affiliated the closing the Bank of Kenhad affected National Bank of Paducah. added the First National of Paducah added the First Naof Paducah Bancokennothing Bancokentucky the three local the City National Bank Paducah effective The consolidation was said to give resources negotiations for consolto have been pending for some INTER THERN REVEALS PLAN TO BUY BACK STOCK Inter Southern Company said formal statement that the company not lose dollar the receivership which & Co., Nashville been The said deal pending for sale Interby the nationally house will financial difficulties of Caldbeen seized upon as basis for false reports hurtful against the ern Life Insurance Company, read The "will not lose dollar account of the difficulties pending and will be concluded within ten days shares owned by Caldwell & under provision available over $3,000,000 of the purchase price to protect this against any loss by reason of its HELENA INSTITUTION STOPS PAYMENT TO DEPOSITORS HELENA Ark., Nov 17.-(P)-The Merchants Bank in which B. Little Rock Monday suspension of payments to depositors for five The action followed similar anSunday night by American Exchange Trust Company, of Little Rock, which Mr. Banks is president READ The Journal Want Ads constantly and keep in touch with the market in which you are interested.


Article from Kingsport Times, November 18, 1930

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TO ARKANSAS BANKS Optimism permeated Arkansas financial leaders as they plans today some of the 43 banks to reopen which temporarily suspended closed The executive committee of the American Exchange Trust Company here, largest and one of the oldest banks in the state which suspended for five days, was employed upon plans to resume erations. Closing of the American Exchange was followed by suspension of activities by the 42 other banks, the aggregate deposits of which more than 000. B. Banks, president of the American Exchange, and controliing stockholder in 34 of the 42 other banks scattered over the state, said the boards of directors trying to obtain pledges of loyalty from their communities and supporting capital to assure freedom of danger from run. Resumption of normal business by the banks, he said, would folsuch assurances to directors. Expressions of confidence in the general stability of the state's financial structure were added Governor Parnell and Senator Joe T. Robinson to those of bankers. The Little Rock clearing house association by a statement assured the public that local banks are in sound condition, have large cash resources and latively small amount of bills payable. following receivership proceedings against Caldwell and company, Nashville: Tenn., bankuntil recently interested in the American Exchange, was attributed by directors of the latter as the cause of steady withdrawals which reached about 000,000. The American Exchange's capital was $1,500,000, with deposits about $17,000,600 as of the last bank call. Mr. Banks said the banks side Little Rock which closed independent units in affiliated with the American Exchange Trust Company, "although Mr. Banks president of the Little Rock institution. know the people of these towns are gravely interested to know when the banks will be reopened," he added. "That will be determined by the local boards with whom am conferring as rapidly as possible."


Article from The Virginian-Pilot, November 18, 1930

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TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 1930 Obviously million. administration doesn't stop apologizing times, somebody will call the Secretary Commerce Mr. Lament. used to be that the family was always todinner time, but now it's at breakjust before father to work and just goes the young folks come home. Almee Semple McPherson insists that in Pansaloons drank only water or lemonother words, she fell off 38 pounds didn't fall off the water wagon. Moral Liquidation Of The War The decision of the Mixed Claims Commission that Germany shall not be required to pay damages of to the United for the Kingsland and Black fires during the World War of more merely financial interest. The manner in the decision was reached and the language which It was handed down both repfurther of the liquidation that in this case as much moral financial. Not only did the Commission no that these two fires were with German sabotage activities country prior to entrance into the War: their investigations throw doubts whether responsible German representathis country believed in such Briefly, the Huns have turned more less Hunnish than was supposed in those hectic days. become increasingly apparent to with the consolidation of peace that the liquidation of the war involves not merely the liquidation of its Bancial problems the liquidation of the necessarily brought in its train. The degree to which the Imperial German Government "guilty" of causing the war matter that has debated and still debated by But whatever degree may have been, it important and significant Germany should been exculpated of two supposed violations neutrality of peculiarly brutal sort. even more significant that this exculpation should have been the work of factfinding commission representative of both nainvolved, and that its American members should have declared that German Republic has done everything in power see that justice should be done. Tennessee's Financial Storm The real effects of the financial storm which has swept over Tennessee, centering chiefly Nashville and Knoxville, will be revealed, one suspects, as much in the political the losses to bank depositors and stockholders. The storm started when committee bankers had to take over the affairs of CaldCompany, large and investment house. centered then on Nashwhich subsidiary of the house, in quick succession that bank smaller followed suit. two of the banks the merged, and still bank lost heavily in deposits after run and ultimately had to be taken over another Meantime, Knoxville known have heavy deposits in Nashclosed, three other banks merged others heavy runs but stood up. two cities three banks closed and have merged, handful counting country banks. The involved of millions of dollars. Since hysteria affected institutions actually appears likely that banks will not lose seriously, at loss seems certain elsewhere. The financial effects such storm enough. But the charges made openly suggest other effects. For thing, is charged in published statements extraordinary efforts political forces the collapse Caldwell and Company after the election, November because was feared collapse would the campaign Governor Horton, who allied the Caldwell family. The Chattanooga newspaper. statement, charges that the death of Governor and the sucHenry Horton to the office of Chief Tennessee has been ruled triof the State's interChicago's worst gunman of morals. In triumvirate, has been bound politically Color such diagnosis large volume State funds on deposit banks, $2,000,000 another third, and the further until last December State law the deposit of State funds any bank per cent the paid-in capital of that that had not been amended, State funds in these three would have only $325,000. The full of the amending process ought throw this Since the financial would naturally followed the charges difficult to measure enough available the wisdom thorough investigation the financial and possible political affillations of the affected and of the whole fiscal policy of the State. Until that discussion of the impeachment of ernor Horton, by some of his political enemies, hardly in order. What in order, in addition an investigation of the political study of the relation of bank to bank, and of banks investment houses, which permits the collapse of one topple whole series house of cards. Senator Borah's Blast When President Hoover last week after communication with the floor leadof the Republican and sides of the Senate he had obtained their assurance co-operation for the prompt passage of appropriation bills the forthcoming session of Congress, he added one more It was that "the fear and apprehension which have been expressed over reports delay or filibuster would be resorted force extra session of the Congress therefore no foundation." The addition ambiguous. Mr. Hoover had no reason anticipate "delay or filibuster" from the administration Republicans. From the Democratic side he had already before the statement seven leaders that they favored policy of co-operation for the public good. A1though many Democrate disagreed with certain implications they drew from that statement, none those disagreed suggested such policies Mr. Hoover feared. There remained the progressive Republicans, some of whom are known to be interested in heavy legislative program. But spokesman for that group had advocated deliberate scheme of obstruction, and no person has threatened hold up the routine business Congress. Mr. Hoover's apprehension appeared, therefore, to be based either on an unjustifiable fear on innot vouchsafed to the public. In the circumstances, some such statement Senator Borah has made was to be expected. In so far as relates to his attitude, and presumably to the attitude of those who see eye to eye with him, eminently in order. For Senator Borah asserts that he has heard of no threats of filibuster, he has no intention of engaging in such tactics, that he favors proceeding in an orderly way and that he will give due attention to appropriation bills "and such other important legislation as we know now pending." far, peaceable. But for the remainder the statement nothing the sort can be said. Senator Borah resents the suggestion that Democrate or progressives have not keen sense of responsibility and quite intelligent conception of their duty as the regulars," will pay no cooked up effort to stampede the Congress," and he regards such fears as the President seems to evidence "superlative If Hoover surprised at the vigor these remarks, he has forgotten too easily both Senator Borah's normal attitude of opposition between and his to be led by the nose at any time when an election is impending. The campaign is over and Senator Borah has been That he should celebrate the fact by talking about the President as if Mr. Hoover an opponent on the hustings, surprise. But legislatively there another tale to tell. Regardless of the sort of program Senator Borah has in mind, whether he has any all, the possibility Western Republicans, never kindly disposed suggestions from Mr. Hoover, will seek to gang the short session with legislation, has been vastly increased since Senator Borah blazed away with both barrels the White House Presumably this precisely what Mr. Hoover was seeking to prevent. he did not take Senator Borah into account. Light On Colonial Origins


Article from The Daily World, November 18, 1930

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OPTIMISM IN BANK CIRCLES NOW APPARENT FINANCIAL CIRCLES BELIEVE MANY CLOSED BANKS WILL RESUME BUSINESS UP TO THE PUBLIC Financial Institutions Closed Yesterday Will Resume If Assired That No Runs Will Ensue-III Effect of Caldwell & Company Receivership Little Rock, Ark., Nov 18.-(AP) Optimism permeated statements of Arkansas financial leaders as they laid plans today to reopen some of the 43 banks which temporarily suspended or closed yesterday. The executive committee of the Trust Company here, largest and one of the oldest banks in the state which suspended for five days, was employed upon plans to resume operations. Closing of the American-Exchange. and controlling stockholder in 34 of the 42 other banks scattered over the state, said the boards of directors were trying to obtain pledges of loyalty from their communities and supporting capital to assure freedom of danger from a run. Resumption of normal business by the banks, he said, would follow such assurances to directors. Expressions of confidence in the general stability of the state's financial structure were added by Governor Parnell and Senator Joe T. Robinson to those of bankers. The Little Rock Clearing House Association in statement assured the public local banks are in sound condition, have large cash resources and a relatively small amount of bills playable. Hysteria following reecivership proceedings against Caldwell & Company. Nashville, Tenn., bankers, until recently interested in the American-Exchange, was attributed by directors of the latter as the cause of steady withdrawals which reached about $4,000,000. The American-Exchange Bank's capital was $1,500,000, with deposits of bout $17,000,000 as of the last bank call in September


Article from Imperial Valley Press, November 22, 1930

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Bank Closings Now Total 115 CHICAGO. Nov. 22. (U.P)-The series of bank closings had extended today into eight central and southern states. with business suspended or ended outright in a total of 115 institutions, most of them small. For many of the banks it was the last day they could remain closed under the state laws allowing them to suspend business for five days for reorganization. Predictions were made that many of the banks would reopen soon. The five day period will end for a number of them on Monday and 101 still others on Tuesday of next week. Arkansas, where the closing started. led in number of closings, with other institutions under business suspension or closed in Kentucky, Missouri, Indiana. Kansas. Illinois North Carolina and Tennessee. Beginning Monday of this week with the closing of the American Exchange Trust Company at Little Rock, Ark., the number of suspensions grew rapidly, with numerous additions each day. Banking officials said the closing of the large Little Rock institution was due to heavy withdrawals brought on by the failure two weeks before of Caldwell & Company at Nashville Tenn. Most of the other suspensions in Arkansas were in sympathy with the American Exchange Trust Company move. In the other states the closings also were considered due to rumors of impending runs that followed previous failures.


Article from The Knoxville Journal, December 24, 1930

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Holston Bank Had Over $8,000,000 In Unencumbered Assets, Says Long The Holston Union National bank had more than $8,000,000 of unencumbered assets on hand at the time it closed, excluding real estate conservatively valued at 500 000 It was revealed yesterday by Capt Mitchell Long. dig rector and attorney for the closed 'It may be said that a combina tion of to the closing of the Holston bank. Cap Long said, in my opinion the bank would be today had the federal government provided an adequate banking system that could be made to function in crisis. Capt. Long said the Federal Reserve would not allow dollar on the $350,000 first on the Holston bank building which was the only on the property at million dollars. He predicted that as result of this and other bank clos ings the entire federal reserve tem would be revised for greater protection of bank directors and depositors through assistance in a crisis. "POPULAR THEORY" know popular theory that loans to Lea and Caldwell are responsible for the closing of the can see no defense that could be made for some of these transactions. many had never heard of after the bank had been closed. "But the fact is. be pointed "that every dollar loaned to this group should be charged off the Holston bank would still be solvent as a going concern, were good He said that loans to Lea and Ca.d. large as had been and that the figure of $1,900,000 included about cerns with which or Caldwell. it has developed had something to Heavy withdrawals by large desome of out amounts as high as $250,000 resulted the crisis that forced the closing of the bank, he said. There was no run on the bank in the sense in which It is generally understood. he added. "that is to say large of people did not come to the at one time and take out their money RESERVE INCREASE "I shall always believe. he continued "that the cash reserve could have been increased by million and half or two million. and particularly limitation had been placed upon the with drawals of time deposits as was later done by other Knoxville' banks. the Holston would have withstood there withdrawals until the public had become assured that there was no occasion for alarm. After the closing of Caldwell & Company at Nashville, Captain Long one of the directors advised President Basil Ramsey to arrange for large cash reserve in case of panicky feeling among the depositors. Ramsey said he would do this and later that he had done 30 and had the assurance of the Federal Reserve that plenty of money would be available if needed. Capt. Long said. The chief national bank examiner had been here all the week prior to the closing of the bank and left Saturday declaring that everything was all right and that he had better leave because his presence might cause alarm. Capt. Long said On the following Monday the last day the bank was open heavy withdrawals were made and efforts to obtain funds from the Federal Reserve had failed. CALLED MEETING "At the close of business that day group of us were called in and informed of the situation, he explained. "It struck us like bolt. Our cash reserve was down to $200,000 or $250,000 and we were almost certain there would run if we opened on Wednesday. There was nothing to do but close. There was not time enough to obtain loans from other sources and avert the calamity to the prospects for early establishment of new bank here, Capt. Long said that his sole interest in assisting to promote new bank was to release to depositors large percentage of the deposits of the old bank as possible. 'Negotiations to that end have been going on for some time but nothing definite could be done pending the receipt of an inventory understand that inventory has just been completed,' he said.


Article from The Atlanta Constitution, December 25, 1930

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RECEIVERS SUE LEA CONCERN Half Million Judgment Asked on Note Executed to Caldwell & Co. Receivers for Caldwell & Company today filed in chancery court ing a $500,000 judgment against the Scuthern Publishers. Inc., on a note executed to Caldwell & Company to obtain money used in the purchase of the Knoxville Journal. The suit also was directed against Colonel Luke Lea, president, and Rogers Caldwell, director of Southern Publishers, Inc., and asks that they be held personally liable. The receivers, Lee Douglas and Rutledge Smith, aver that Southern Publishers, Inc., issued its $500,000 note to Caldwell & Company March 29, 1928, indorsed by Colonel Lea and Mr. Caldwell. The suit avers that the note set out that $500,000 of Knoxville Journai Company bonds were put up as collateral security as well as 5,000 shares Knoxville Journal stock. The bonds, the suit says, in turn were used by Caldwell & Company as collateral to secure $400,000 note executed by Caldwell & Company the Canal Bank & Trust Company of New The Orleans. collateral is still held by the New Orleans bank, the receivers say. They ask that the collateral be jected to sale in satisfaction of the asked. judgment Southern Publishers, Inc., now also in receivership, holding company for stock of the Memphis Commercial Appeal, Inc., and Knoxville Journal, incorporated. The M. O. paper filed general creditors' bill against the Tennessee Publishing Company claiming ap$94,000 was due for newsprint. In denying the application for receiver. Chancellor James B. Newsaid that this claim, which was disputed, and another for demand note for $6,000, which the answer declared would be paid on demand, were the only claims that were entered by simple contract creditors. Also, the chancellor said. "the allegations in the bill of mismanagement and dissipation of assets, which denied in the answer, do not just ify the appointment of receiver of a going corporation whose assets are conceded in the bill to be greater than its liabilities. A summons issued in the suit against the paper company and Fitzhugh called answer on the first, Monday in February. TENNESSEE COUNTY WANTS NEW COLLATERAL TRUSTEE NASHVILLE. Tenn.. Dec. Alleging "unlawful and fraudulent substitution by Caldwell & Company of collateral pledged to secure deposits. Hardeman county, Tennessee, petitioned United States District Judge John J. Gore today to substitute the American National bank for the Bank of Tennessee as trustee for the collateral. Judge Gore agreed to the transfer. and among the securities turned over to the American National bank by the for the Bank of Tennessee were 629 shares of the Nashville Baseball Association capital stock. The petition stated that on March 5 last Caldwell & Company, investment banking house now in receiver- road bought an issue of county bonds ship. for $202. and on May 19 bought another issue for the being deposited with Caldwell Company under an agreement that the bonds be held by the Bank of Tennessee trustee secure the deposits. Caldwell Company had the right. it was stated, to substitute other collateral for the county bonds, but the substitutions were to be government, state or municipal bonds. "Unlawful and fraudulent substitutions were made, it was averred, and Hardeman county asked that the American National bank be appointed trustee "with power to act to preserve their (the county rights and to salvage as much as possible for the county out of the grossly fraudulent substitutions of collateral by Caldwell & Company." COLONEL LEA. SON VOICE SATISFACTION Colonel Luke Lea and Luke Lea, Jr., president and vice president, respectively, of the Tennessee Publishing Company issued statement today ex. pressing gratification that Chancellor James B. Newman yesterday denied application for receiver for the company that publishes the Nashville Tennessean and Evening Tennessean. "We are naturally pleased.' their statement our position regarding the affairs of the Tennessee Publishing Company was justified by the decision of the chancellor in denying the application for a receivership.


Article from The Atlanta Constitution, March 21, 1931

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CALDWELL NAMED IN TWO INDICTMENTS NASHVILLE. Tenn., March 20.deposits made by the state less than two weeks before Caldwell & Company's Bank of Tennessee closed formed the basis for indictments returned by n county grand jury today against Rogers Caldwell, president of the two institutions. Both indictments each containing two counts, charged Caldwell with receiving deposits in an insolvent bank. The first count in each said Caldwell knew the institution was insolvent and the second said he had reason to believe it insolvent. The deposits were made. the indietments said, by Highway Commissioner Robert H. Baker and Treasurer John F. Nolan. One bill said Baker deposited $6,500 of bridge funds on October 28, 1930. and the other said Nolan deposited $50,000 of state general funds on October 25. The bank suspended November 5. and went into receivership November A week thereafter. Caldwell & Company went into receivership. Criminal Court Judge Chester K. Hart set bond at $10,000 in each case. James E. Caldwell, Rogers Caldwell's father, and T. D. Webb, formerly associated with James E. Caldwell in the Fourth and First National Bank. pledged real estate valued at $30,000 and $25,000, respectively, as bondsmen. Caldwell is now under six indict ments, two of which relate to alleged transactions at the Bank of Tennessee, two to operations of Caldwell & Company and the Bank of Tennessee and two to transactions at the Holston Union National Bank at Knox ville. The last named two were returned by federal grand jury at Greeneville, Tenn. The jury at the same time jointly indicted Colonel Luke Lea, Nashville publisher, and J. Basil Ramsey, president of the Holston Union Bank, Conviction for receiving deposits in an insolvent bank carries with it penitentiary sentence of from one to five years if the deposit exceeds $25.