19932. Exchange Banking & Trust Company (Charleston, SC)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Suspension → Reopening
Bank Type
trust company
Start Date
October 22, 1857
Location
Charleston, South Carolina (32.777, -79.931)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
54dfe4ca

Response Measures

None

Description

Contemporary articles (Oct 1857) report that the Exchange Bank (Exchange Bank of Charleston / Exchange Banking & Trust Company) suspended specie payments as part of the wider Panic of 1857. The pieces mention mass suspensions across cities and in Charleston (Planters, Mechanics, Farmer's and Exchange Banks). No specific depositor run on this bank is described in the provided excerpts and no explicit reopening date is given in these clippings; I classify this as a suspension (systemic panic) and, given historical context that these were typically temporary suspensions, I label the episode as suspension_reopening. If you require strict adherence to only evidence in the clippings (which do not report a reopening), consider this classification tentative.

Events (1)

1. October 22, 1857 Suspension
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Widespread financial crisis/Panic of 1857 causing northern and southern banks to suspend specie payments; Exchange Bank in Charleston suspended along with others statewide and nationally.
Newspaper Excerpt
In Charleston the Planter's and Mechanic's and the Farmer's and Exchange Banks have gone overboard.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (2)

Article from The Lancaster Ledger, October 21, 1857

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Article Text

" orst, and you are forced to r: silver by the sacrifice, maybe, operty, we much mistake your e spirit it these monied monopolie made to redeem their liabilitie extent of their means. If : to be submitted to, let at co the assets of those Banks as ! The cotton crop of the South i as a protection to her ag stean and if the Banks all suppose planters are to be p a depreciated paper currency ; eciated to some extent, it must taking the most favorable view cannot give a better illustratio does the following extract opposed to general suspens Charleston News, and with thi will close our remarks for the "Consider the effects of suspens is, an instantaneous and univ eciation of Southern currency and Southern credits. If the be ten per cent, it is a deac deducted from the value of the the South. A man buys coit planter, and ships it to Eng his Sterling Bill upon it, S of the suspended banks. receive eciated paper money which he pa) The Cotton when it reach IS as good as gold, but the which the planter has exchang per cent below gold. This is and the planter with a veng it again. The sterling bills dra suspended quarter, being mere I partake of the depreciation credit of that section. H price which the buyer of the for them. must be made up to pressing to that extent the price of The Banks, to enable thems will make every effort I profits on the safest investme erefore every effort to depress to Bills. And they also know 1 they can keep them, the mor promptly will specie flow he trope to speculate in them-of will hoard as much ns they et their depreciated paper money the office of currency." S.-We learn by Monday's suspensions in this State anters and Mechanics Bank and and Exchange Bank of Charles Exchange Bank of Columbia. in reference to the Planters irfield, is confirmed. We sho ntioned that the Bank of H spended at an early period of la Banks in Charleston-the arleston, the State Bank and th stood firm up to Saturday las embers of the Legislature from held a meeting to consider the and though it seems that it of them, they refused to receipt Banks to suspend. They acte representatives of the people, the consistently advocate a measur benefit a few at the expense For the failures and suspensions we refer to the telegraphic thered from our exchanges, w blish in another column. The No it will be seen, have all gon and at last, though they stood no forced to it ;an example, we thin Banks would have done well lowed, and perhaps the end w not have been reached.


Article from Yorkville Enquirer, October 22, 1857

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Article Text

semi-annually of four per cent., it was thought to be extraordinary good fortune to have n share in such a bank. But latterly, the writer has seen that n bank of $500,000 has made a semi-annual dividend of five per cent., and laid up $81,000 of reserved profits-about eighteen per cent. more on the capital; all together, would make the enormous profit of twenty-cight per cent! This is usury never before heard of. Is this the legitimate result of banking? Beyond all doubt, it is not. The notes discounted by that bank would not yield n profit to pay the officers' salary How then-whence is this great profit? It arises from what is called domestic ex. change. Domestic exchange, indeed! It is from a regular process of shaving and speculating in paper in New York. There are to be seen the Presidents of such money-making banks operating like brokers; there is to be found the capital, which theoretically is to benefit the people of the community where the bank is situated, but which practically is their greatest curse. Is this course of business within the charter? Every bank in the State is chartered as a bank of discount and deposit. Is it legitimately within such a charter to purchase at a discount (greater than six per cent.) notes or bills of exchange at home or abroad? If it be, I confess I am greatly at fault. Such a course may be brokerage-it certainly is not banking." We will give as far as we are able a view of the progress of the crisis. The New York City Banks have all suspended and requested the Governor to convene the Legislature for the purpose of offering relief. It is not known how they will escape the restrictive clause of the State Constitution and avoid going into liquidation. The Albany Banks have likewise suspended. So have the Boston Banks. It will no doubt be a general suspension North of Virginia. The Bank of Virginia, Farmer's Bank, and the Exchange Bank have suspended. The Savannah Banks have gone in the same way and stopped specie payment. The Augusta Banks have suspended. In N. Orleans, the Southern Bank and the Bank of JAMES ROBB continued to pay specie. In Columbia all the Banks have suspended but the Commercial. In Charleston the Planter's and Mechanic's and the Farmer's and Exchange Banks have gone overboard. The Planter's Bank of Fairfield has followed the majority and suspended. The Tennessee Banks have all suspended and there is a heavy run on the St. Louis Banks.