19019. Commercial Bank (Philadelphia, PA)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Suspension → Reopening
Bank Type
state
Start Date
October 9, 1839
Location
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (39.952, -75.164)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
54cdea81

Response Measures

None

Description

Articles (Oct 1839) report Philadelphia banks suspending specie payments. The Commercial Bank initially refused to suspend, then redeemed only $5 notes and shortly thereafter joined the suspension. The papers describe a coordinated suspension across Philadelphia tied to heavy specie demands; no explicit statement of permanent failure or receivership is given in these articles. Reopening is not directly reported here, but the suspension is presented as a temporary measure and the banks express intent to resume payments. I classify as suspension_reopening (no run on this bank is described).

Events (1)

1. October 9, 1839 Suspension
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Widespread heavy specie demands and foreign drafts on banks led Philadelphia banks collectively to suspend specie payments; part of a broader regional banking crisis rather than a run on this specific bank.
Newspaper Excerpt
The Commercial Bank, which at first refused to suspend, has since come so far into the measure as to redeem nothing but its five dollar notes. ... several of the banks immediately upon opening, declined to redeem their notes in specie, and as soon as the fact became known to the others a general suspension took place.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (2)

Article from Martinsburg Gazette, October 17, 1839

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Article Text

that, unless the banks extended their accommoda- tione, serious distress would inevitably follow-and that matters had now assumed such a shape that either the banks must enlarge their facilities, or that trade must be prostrated. In this contingency he said, the Board he represented were clearly of opinion that if the foreign drafts upon the banks were such as to make them fearful of discounting largely, they ought at once to suspend specie pay- ments. After this statement he withdrew, and the representatives of the different banks who were present discussed at length the matter presented to them. Finally, a motion was made (and carried) that under existing circumstances 'it was inexpedi- ent to suspend specie payments;' and, upon this motion the banks through their delegates, voted as follows: In the affirmative, the banks of North America, Pennsylvania, Commercial, Penn Town- ship, Philadelphia, Manufacturers' and Mechanics', Northern Liberties, Mechanics', and Farmers' and Mechanics, 9; and in the negative, the United States, Girard, Southwark, Western, and Schuylkill 5; and then the meeting adjourned indefinitely. "Yesterday morning, notwithstanding the reso- lution of the previous evening, several of the banks immediately upon opening, declined to redeem their notes in specie, and as soon as the fact became known to the others a general suspension took place." The New Yorker of the 12th inst., in speaking of the Suspension, has the following:-" But the worst feature of the case is the consideration that the same causes which have produced suspension in Philadelphia will probably exert the same influ- ence elsewhere; and we now expect to hear, by re- turn of mail, of a General Suspension throughout the country south of the Delaware. We have hopes that Virginia, the Carolinas, and New Orleans will stand fire, as they are less affected than other sec- tions of the country by the trade and heavy indebt- edness of the new States. (Alabama and Missis- sippi have been virtually non-specie-paying for a long time.) North of the Delaware, we hope the banks will weather the storm triumphantly. We know the determination of our banks is fixed, to count nothing a sacrifice which shall be necessary to enable them to fulfil scrupulously their engage- ments, and to continue their payments in specie so long as they can command a dollar to pay. In en- forcing this just resolution, we trust they will have the cordial and zealous co operation of the commu- nity. If, in defiance of the severe pressure every where, and the colapse at Philadelphia, the banks of the Northern States shall ride out the tempest, the credit of those States and banks will be placed on a proud pre-eminence. Of course, the business Interests of the North will be required to suffer a while longer the depression from which those of Philadelphia have partially relieved themselves.- We believe, however, that, should the North main- tain Specie Payments, we shall feel seriously the general relief to business which the Philadelphia movement is calculated to afford, without incurring any of its discredit." # THE NEW YORK BANKS. The New York Banks have resolved without exception, to continue the the payment of specie for all their obligations. The Courier and Enquirer says: We were wait- ed apon yesterday afternoon by a number of gen- tlemen connected with our institutions-gentlemen whose declarations admit of no question, and whose knowledge of the state of our banks enables them to speak authoritatively who assured us that the deposites in the banks are so small, and the line of discounts reduced so low, that it is entirely in the power of the Banks in the city to continue specie payments without resorting to a farther curtail- ment of one dollar, and that THEY ARE FULLY DE- TERMINED TO CONTINUE TO MEET ALL THEIR OBLI- GATIONS IN GOLD AND SILVER, LET THE COURSE OF BANKS IN OTHER CITIES BE WHAT IT MAY. A general meeting of the officers of the different banks took place last evening, at which it was re- solved that they should continue to meet all de- mands upon them in gold and silver, and so long as they have a dollar of specie at their disposal, assist each other in carrying this resolution into ef- fect. # SUSPENSION AT FREDERICK. The Banks in Fre- derick have suspended specie payments. The spe- cie in their vaults exceeds the amount of their notes in circulation. The Frederick County Bank, a most excellent institution, is the only Banking House in Maryland that has the right, by its charter, to is- sue notes of a less denomination than five dollars. # PHILADELPHIA BANKS The Commercial Bank, which at first refused to suspend, has since come so far into the measure as to redeem nothing but its five dollar notes. The Girard Bank which had is-sued one dollar bills now redeem them in specie.-Since the receipt of the Governor's Manifesto and the Circular of the Attorney General, the Philadelphia Banks have all refused to issue notes under ten dollars. # THE BOSTON BANKS. The Banks in Boston have resolved to continue the payment of specie.-The papers all express the utmost degree of confi-dence in the ability of the Banks there to maintain themselves in their resolution to continue to redeem their notes. # WASHINGTON COUNTY BANK. At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Washington County Bank convened on the 11th inst., in consequence of the intelligence received, relative to the suspension of specie payments by the Banks in the cities, the following resolutions were passed. Resolved, That this Board have this morning learned with deep regret from Philadelphia and Baltimore, that the Banks of those cities have been constrained from the severity of the times and the great demand for coin to be taken out of the country, to suspend payments in specie. Resolved, That in consequence of this step of the Banks in said cities, this Board acting upon the same principle of self defence which has governed them, and with a view to prevent the specie in our vaults, from being taken out of the country do therefore direct the officers of the Bank to decline payments in specie until the further order of this Board to the contrary. Resolved, That the weekly statements of the Bank exhibited to the Board yesterday, and the examination made by the Board this day shows its condition to be perfectly safe and sound, and that there is not the least danger of a depreciation in the value of its notes or stock. Resolved, That this Board entertain the hope that the present suspension will be of a short continuance and they do pledge themselves to all interest that their operations in the meantime will be conducted with a view to preserve and continue the present very wholesome condition of the institution, and that they will be prepared for resuming specie payments at the earliest period that may be adopted as expedient for the purpose. Resolved, That these resolutions be published. JOHN B DALL Pres'd.


Article from Richmond Enquirer, October 22, 1839

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Article Text

value of laws the natural consyltanian they must and will be in not accordance have the slightest effect.11.) Oct (From the Harrisburg Reporter The Senate will of will consis House THE NEXT LEGISLATU 15 of all other denominations. Whigsand Masons Abulitionists The Senator. of 13 Democrats, will contain about 68 Democrate- A sound Democrat party have with ordinary and course anti will be cied cannot, enough excellent mistake material happy selection. of trade circumspection, SUSPENSION board THE LAST of October, the and address On Monday of Philadelpina the seventh held a of the meeting city committees and county to of Phiroom of letters the city to the several banks them to appoint Tuesday evening the 6th consideration ladelphia, requesting of the board, on the measures the necessary time and at the take into of the times represented A and inst., meet to the exigen neies banks were thus the Schuylkillb bank forthwith place to appointed. was made 14 by the delegate of the from Girard bank. that On the question inotion and seconded by the cashier specie payments, the United States, in Moyamensing. in the banks should suspend banks, the Schuylkill, and Western. negative voted the this Girard, the and the remaining October, nine the United determit States On the firmative. Wednesday, the 9th to the of other at banks, ali events its and Bank communicated suspend that banks morning, of the city and of that county day, suspended Commercial nation accordingly to all the ayments Bank, in the which course redeemed its of the Schuy excepting but did the not pay its depositors day, the notes the by the HOLES In the course which of had the same been refused citizens to be taken out of doors, up, other kill bank banks, were refused that its by concerns to the Bank wound of the and it assignment was reported of all its effects provec 10 be on incorrect Thurs by an States. This, however, with the other banks giving their to take as United it made arrangements paper to limited amounts, upon checks ENGRAVED day, them The security Girard Lank issued of which one must dollar. have been narra unvarnished on before the suspension noked and may some We days have thus that every given a citizen of disgraceful Pennsy Ivania failure corporate make tive of his o w.n events. comments money makers, upon this pay their just debts in sentiments these the people of however the State express they our own will be the sen of all of the ments of relation We shall. to it, and dispassionate we believe and reflecting men ac re-concert that this of the Bank parties It is clear that there meusure must had have been determined United States upon Phi tion. time and beforehand by by the the nerry speculators worthless of stocks some and its coadjutors and unable to sell their It is equal ladelphia, who were engagements. usurped the or to meet that their the numerous board of trade, power which of the and State that it ly whole clear legislative finger of and the hand weaker of suspension and insol vent vieidto banks, pressure was the mere he termination in of force the the stronger ones 10 of by panic recessities or of the former that the Whig shimplaster managers the It is also perfectly delayed clear, it until council Whig this semblemen the suspension and Whig shimpluster for is the universal at the belief polls the city of determination Philadelphia- bad been Whig known could have been the that on Tuesday morning commercial last. metropoli not Gove of Pennsy mur and De to electri We have in Legislature, however. and Democratic they Penneylvania have solemn duties perform mocratic towards recapitulate the people of the evils reckle mere and paper on We will forced not upon US in 1-37. Park by of the the United and the Traders classes principled system: measures time-serving of the policy to of Governor flect upon Ranet, the by lostes the and we shall by only ask our the poor and industrious Dyett's the Philadel frau ass dulent explosions entailed upon of such paper and a hot dred other of shipplasters equally by Philadelphia, of the laws phia Loan company cintions. and by and the the issues other municipal the land cur would had been only intebre speculators the city marations of of the Sis in de have fiance lasted of for heard- if the but the the Exc by INSUSTAINED the Come fluence opinion Democracy of the State, OT the judicial power of public monwealth, cuties- by of mere honesty on the part be of hooves the banks us to forced a We differently resumption situated most now. finctual and it dics to this apply the disease of the curr of specie pay or these obligations charter. which upon the banks, declared the or paid. most ments important impost is. that by no dividends gold and silver the This charlet provision should whilet they be most r fuse rigidly to pay must enforced. be forthwith and repealed the CO ope on any bank violating of the next it. session It secures resumption, and it their duty ration the first of day the ckholders in of forcing the banks towards of fulfilling redeem in form which reality, applyi all the under all circumstances, a component that part ing decormency their other State. duty is to shinplasters PREVENT of Another equally imperative checks. Bills or the banks muni This be should the issue description of all notes, under fine dollars or by by individuals provisions a by but We would every cipal or other enforced corporations not only by similar using application the of the repeal the existing power laws. of the Legislature of Philadel er other repealing charlet of the city B FII certific of thou at once the if they dare d to did by hundre ds the loan corporation under five deliars, as they by means of sands. 1: IS in incumber 1837 upen Audito the Executive, General, and to detailed procure state in power vested in the the State an accurate morning of the ninth of Oc as which ment every of bank situation statements the should should be publisher exhibit tober. 08 rach received. of able Each on statement demand but also. issur sparatel and FOOD only the notes notes and other obligations they fall due-at d done the outstanding bonds post and discount the times should discriminate those of the on line personal of notes security on collateral alone. security of the stock of other bank Those done iteek. done on collateral within the security State of the stock stock of banks Those and corpora the of names of the and corporations And those other done the on States, respective specifyi amounts of each kind in his famous Ritner May: through stock. This was promised by 1837. Governor In the the author proclamation Ritner of shall General, take care keep the public the amoun and the of rested Gov in the when Auditor it shall meet. informed banks." BU the Legislature issues BE NEVER the PERFORMED its monthly IT- for statements the any Bank inferm and no U.S did not even make Auditor/Gene six months was made by the November 1837 the now tion. call until the month of only one month before on Executive meet ter the puspension. and the Legislature the We lews have of the Commonwealt however pow to ing of enforce all corporations, State erful, violate, and who who with will not with permit impunity, any the statutes of the SUSPENSION ANOTHER UNITED the STATES' :nale of the BANK leave Great no Regula doubt the We haveal from length the South vesterday, the S Bank of Penn the Accounts throes and terminated. expedients of all SUSPENSION its recent movement OF SPECIF less ton clearly sylvania have indicated. I can hardly in another be regarded The Philadelphia thing their PAYMENTS. a declaration of have insolvency followed the example their paper of in than Hanks. it believed and refused 10 redeem aproa shall not moneyed head, 1118 ETPP will ho venture in its immedia to conj or remote const hope quences. as we believe, we that there driven in n to post the so ture We of this State have from not 10 be in itself and to the credit injurious impation of an example and 80 character of the tutions Found permicious country