18971. Banks in Philadelphia (Philadelphia, PA)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Suspension → Reopening
Bank Type
state
Start Date
May 10, 1837
Location
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (39.952, -75.164)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
223997ab

Response Measures

None

Description

Multiple contemporaneous newspaper reports describe runs and the collective suspension of specie payments by the banks of Philadelphia in May 1837 (notice dated May 10, 1837), a resumption of specie payments noted for northern cities including Philadelphia on Sept 1, 1838, and another collective suspension reported in October 1839. I classify the overall episode as suspension_reopening because the 1837 suspension (and related runs) was followed by an announced resumption (Sept 1, 1838). Events listed include runs that precipitated the 1837 suspension, the 1837 suspension, the 1838 resumption, and the 1839 suspension reported later.

Events (4)
1. May 10, 1837 Suspension
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Banks collectively suspended specie payments after severe runs, exhaustion of specie, and broad financial distress tied to the nationwide Panic of 1837; newspapers state banks 'gave up' and 'suspended specie payments'.
Newspaper Excerpt
At a meeting last evening of all the Banks in this city except three it was Resolved, That under existing circumstances, it is expedient and necessary to suspend payments in specie. ... May 10, 1837.
Source
newspapers
2. May 13, 1837 Run
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Wide banking panic/financial crisis (Panic of 1837) produced heavy withdrawals and runs on banks in major cities including Philadelphia.
Measures
Collective suspension of specie payments by the banks shortly thereafter (see suspension event).
Newspaper Excerpt
For two days, the run on Banks was so great, that the Banks could not afford the slightest aid...The run on them commenced on Monday morning
Source
newspapers
3. September 1, 1838 Reopening
Newspaper Excerpt
The Banks of Charleston have resolved to resume specie payments on the 1st of September; and the Banks of Savannah on the 1st of October. In the Northern cities—Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston, &c.—the transition has been made almost imperceptibly. Confidence of the Banks being restored, ... no run has been made upon them; but, on the contrary, many of the hoarders of the precious metals ... are pouring into the coffers of those institutions more than is drawn out. (Aug 23, 1838).
Source
newspapers
4. October 10, 1839 Suspension
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Another collective suspension of specie payments by Philadelphia banks reported in October 1839; described as a decisive movement tied to wider regional banking pressures and specie drains.
Newspaper Excerpt
By the railroad cars last night, from Philadelphia, authentic information was received in this city of the suspension of specie payments, yesterday, by the banks in Philadelphia. ... (Oct 10, 1839).
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (10)
1. May 17, 1837 Martinsburg Gazette Martinsburg, WV
Article from Martinsburg Gazette, May 17, 1837

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THE BANKS-N6 SPECIE,-All the Banks in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, have suspended specie payments. This step has been taken as the only means of security against the ruin that must have befallen them if they had continued redeeming their notes with specie while the present deranged state of the cur rency continues-it is in fact the only alternative left them. The banks are not broken; they have only bowed to the storm that is now careering over the country, and will, when it has passed over, resume their former position. Where mow, is the better currency that was to take the place of that which the country had a few years since? The first breeze has swept it away, for the Pet B anks, with the others, have gone by the board. The suspension of specie payments in the cities will soon be followed by a like suspension in the country, or else what little specie there may at present be in the possession of the country banks will find its way to the city before the close of another month. The Williamsport bank has already adopted this course. We have not heard of any of the Virginia Banks having suspended payment as yet, but expect to hear that it has been done before the close of the week.

2. May 24, 1837 Constantine Republican Constantine, MI
Article from Constantine Republican, May 24, 1837

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SUSPENSION OF SPECIE PAYMENTS IN NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA AND BALTIMORE. The New York Courier and Enquirer of May 10th has the following notice: Notice to the Public in relation to the Banks. At a meeting last evening of all the Banks in this city except three it was Resolved, That under existing circumstances, it is expedient and necessary to suspend payments in specie. In the mean time, the notes of all the Banks will be received at the different Banks as usual, in payment of debts, and in deposit ;--and as the indebtedness of the community to the Banks, exceeds three times the amount of their indebtedness to the public, it is hoped and expected that the notes of the different Banks will pass current as usual, and the state of the times will soon be such as to render the resumption of specie payments practicable. May 10, 1837. From the New York Daily Express. May 10. WEDNESDAY, 12 M. The public were astounded at the news contained in the various papers, that all the banks but three had suspended specie payments. Inquiries were made, which were the three banks that held out; none knew, but it was generally understood that they were the Merchants, the Manhattan and the America. It was ascertained, however, that those banks could not stand, and they yielded to necessity, and came into the measure. The sensation in Wall street, at so unexpected a result was very great. On the whole the public appeared gratified, and the whole collection of persons wore smiling countenances. It would, no doubt, have saved a large number of merchants from failing had the banks adopted this measure a month ago, for it has been apparent that either or both the merchants and banks must stop. The merchants have consequently been sacrificed. Still it is questionable whether the public would have sustained the banks had they stopped a month ago; it would have been believed that they stopped from interest and not from necessity. Now there is no question on the sebject. The banks are exhausted and can pay no longer. The public will now unite in sustaining them. And why should they not They are as sound and healthy as ever, their solvency does not depend on the specie in vault, but on the strength of paper under discount. The merchants will now be sustained.-The public will receive the notes of the banks, and we have no doubt the change is for the better. The new city government, Mayor and Aldermen, were at their posts till two o'clock this morning, every arrangement was made to put down e any mob, should there be any riotings. The watch was doubled and the military were under arms, but fortunately there was no disturbance to require any interference of either the civil officers or military. e Stocks have gone up astonishingly to-day, as the following table will show :-

3. May 25, 1837 Litchfield Enquirer Litchfield, CT
Article from Litchfield Enquirer, May 25, 1837

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LAST WEEK'S OMISSIONS. Review of the New-York Market, May 13. The week commenced with greater despondency, than we have ever experienced. For two days, the run on Banks was so great, that the Banks could not afford the slightest aid. On the contrary, they were fast sinking themselves. On Wednesday morning they gave up, and on that morning, the papers all come out with the official declaration of them all, that they come to a stand to suspend. The public at first appeared amazed, and hardly knew how to receive it. Fears were entertained that the excitement would be so great, that mobs would be the result. The new mayor, however, took the most effectual means to put down all riotings by having the military in readiness. Fortunately, however, the whole passed off without the slightest disturbance. The effect on the public has been such as to cause instant relief. Stocks have risen ten to fifteen per cent. No failures have since taken place, and things appear brighter. The shock here will vibrate throughout the whole country. Already every Bank within the sound of the news, has had to yield to the same alternative. Providence, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Albany, and all along in the intermediate places, have yielded to the current. Cotton-The sales during the week that have come to our knowledge, extend to 2100 bales. Of these about 1000 were sold previous to the suspension of specie payments by the banks, at very low rates, say from 6 3-4 for 6 ordinary," to 9 1-2 for middling fair to fair.' About 1100 bales have been since disposed of, at an advance of full 1c per pound, and very many of the holders anticipating a further improvement, have withdrawn, reducing the stock on sale to 5 to 600 bales. The quality of cotton now offered, ranges from middling to middling fair, and rates from 8 to 9 1-2. Strietly fair, Florida or Mobile, would now command 11. We quote from 7 1-2 to 11-very little below 8. Flour-Until yesterday, Flour has been exceedingly dull, and generally on the fall. Yesterday however, there was a revival, and Western sold for $8 very freely; for common brands, New York and Troy, $7 a $7 50. Richmond City Mills, $8 75. Georgetown, $9 a $9 50. There was a brighter feeling for every thing, and Flour felt the change as well as other articles. Provisions-Pork has fallen very much since last week. Sales of mess at 13 1-2 c a 15, which is below any rate we have known any sales at in more than a year. Prime 9 1-2 a 12. Beef dull-sales at 14 for mess, and 8 a 8 1-2 for prime. Lard 6a8c. Hams 8 a 12. Money-This has been the most extraordinary week ever passed, and will be a memorable era in the history of our country. For more than a month the whole commercial community had been gradually falling away, until the pressure was so great that the Banks had to follow. The run on them commenced on Monday morning, and on Tuesday P. M. after a period of only ten hours, they yielded, and all suspended specie payments. The thing was general, and as fast as the news could travel. every Bank have had to follow. Money was as tight as it could be the first two days of the week; since which, the whole community have been wonderfully relieved. The banks now can discount without fear, and they now begin to put out bills freely. Yesterday and to-day, they have discounted very freely. 'In seven months from this time," said the Globe several years ago, bank rags will be abolished and will be overspread with gold. merchant in the West a the cry farmer whole country and will interstices have long Evsilk purse of open network, through the of which the yellow gold will shine and glitter." Yes indeed," echoed Col. Johnson in his speeches throughout his Congressional District, the Globe tells the truth. The rags are a-going and hard money is acoming!" Here the old fellow would shake his hand few inches of his right ear as if shaking a of eagles and dollars, and purse within a chink then exclaim-" As Ah! an gentlemen I can hear it already amusing commentary we now republish the following paragraph from the last number of the Globe. Citizens of the United States, were ye not beautifully humbugged ?-Lou. Journal. From the Globe. THERE IS NO PRESSURE WHICH ANY HONEST MAN SHOULDREGRET. The cry of pressure for money, when it is in greater abundance than ever before, is like a cry of famine in the midst of the most plentiful harvest. SOME THERE MAY BE, EVEN IN SUCH TIMES, WHO HAVE NOTHING TO EAT, BUT IT CAN BE ONLY THOSE WHO DESERVE TO STARVE, BECAUSE THEY HAVE EARNED NOTHING."

4. August 23, 1838 Lynchburg Virginian Lynchburg, VA
Article from Lynchburg Virginian, August 23, 1838

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# RESUMPTION. The Banks of Charleston have resolved to resume specie payments on the 1st of September; and the Banks of Savannah on the 1st of October. The Louisville Advertiser of the 10th inst. States that all the Banks in Kentucky and Ohio had resolved to resume on the 13th of August, simultaneously with those in the Atlantic cities—and that those of Indiana and Illinois, if they did not agree to commence on the same day, would certainly do so within a few days thereafter. In the the Northern cities—Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston, &c.—the transition has been made almost imperceptibly. Confidence of the Banks being restored, and the slang of the Sub-Treasury men about their being broke, being known to be untrue, no run has been made upon them; but, on the contrary, many of the hoarders of the precious metals, preferring the safe depository of the Banks even to their own Sub-Treasury vaults, are pouring into the coffers of those institutions more than is drawn out. If the Government will now cease its tinkering Experiments, every thing will move on smoothly: but, if they will persevere in their determination to restore the age of "barbaric pearl and gold," so far as the collection, deposite and safe-keeping of the government money is concerned, nothing can save us from a relapse,—and we all know how dangerous a relapse is—but the stern rebuke of the people themselves. We do not doubt that this rebuke will be administered, if Mr. Van Buren persists in his "Untried Expedients."

5. October 17, 1839 The Ohio Democrat and Dover Advertiser Dover, OH
Article from The Ohio Democrat and Dover Advertiser, October 17, 1839

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SUSPENSION OF SPECIE PAYMENTS.We copy from the Baltimore Patriot October, 10th, the statement of this important moven ment: By the railroad cars last night, from Philadel phia, authentic information was received in this, city of the (suspension ofspecie payments, yesterday, by the banks in Philadelphia. This decisive movement, in the commercial metropolis of Pennsylvania, our nearest neighbor city to the East, seemed to leave no alternative to the banks ir. Baltimore, but imposed a necessity on their part-if they would be'true to the interests of the community in which they are locatedto adopt a similar course of action. A meeting of the officers and directors of the several banks in Baltimore was accordingly held this morning, at eight o'clock, when, on the annunciation of the foregoing fact, a resolution to suspend specie payments in Baltimore, was offered, and unans imously adopted. The measure thus adopted, was made known at the openiug of the banks this morning, and, so far as we hear, fully acquiesced in by the community, as one dictated by prudence, no,less than the necessity of the case, and by a just'regard to the interestr of our citizens. The specie of the country is not in sufficient quantity to pay at once, in that medium, the whole debt of the country at home and abroad. This being conceded -for indeed, no proposition can be more self-evident - the questions then come up:-Shall we go on, shipping our gold and silver to Europe, a million at a time by every departing steam ship, until the whole is exhausted, and the business energies of the coun try prostrated ? Or, shall we stop short in a sourse that cannot be perservered in to the end: and, by a present and timely suspension of specie payments preserve the energies of the country in a condition to take the most effectual mea* sures for an early adjustment of ALL its liabilities, both at home and abroad ? The second alternative involved in these questions was adopted as the proper one in Philadelphia. And being adopted there, every consideration of prudence and expedience, required the adoption of the same course in Baltimore, as it will unquestionably be adopted in every section and state of the Union.

6. October 19, 1839 True American New Orleans, LA
Article from True American, October 19, 1839

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SATURDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1839. The Northern Mail, which arrived yesterday, brought UA no papers from New York. Private letters received state that the Banks iii Philadelphia, Baltimore and New York had euspended specie payments. This news created SC me sensation in our city; brokers were seen running from bank to bank, changing their notes for hard money. and it is generally thought that our banks will follow the example of the New York and Philadelphia banks. We don't know that a suspension will be of great The injury to the mass of business men in our city. big fish will be forced to poney up, and a little more liberality will be shown to the honest merchant and small trader.

7. October 22, 1839 Richmond Enquirer Richmond, VA
Article from Richmond Enquirer, October 22, 1839

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# MORE THAN TWO YEARS AGO more than two years ago. -it, however, becomes a matter of grave consideration, whether an indulgent people will sanction such an unreasonable expectation. No sooner it seems, then it was known, that the Banks in Philadelphia and Baltimore had suspended, our Virginia Banks, almost without an effort to sustain their credit, resolved to follow suit. We shall no doubt be told, that they acted in self-defence, and could not pay their debts and solemn engagements, unless other Banks would do the same. But is this excuse to be again received as sufficient? If it was a question between our Banks and those of the North, the defense set up might be at least plausible; but that is not the issue. Our Banks are bound to discharge their obligations to our own citizens, who let their notes, or who have deposited their money in these institutions. We have not refused to comply with our obligations to the Banks, and it is no defence for them to refuse us our rights, because the Northern Banks fail in their duty to their creditors. If one man proves faithless and dis- to do the same, and, it is no justification for another the plea set up by our Balls is the sum and substance of tinue to pay specie, our vaults But, say they, if we con- And is this any excuse? Suppose soon be exhausted. drawn from the vaults of the Banks, EX dollar was any just cause complain? Is it not their duty with opt their last dollar, like honest men? They w owe so much the less to the community, and by shewing a disposition and willingness to pay as long as they were able, they would then be fully acquit- ted for failing to pay more. Their credit would be better with the public than it deserves to be now; for they now play the part of a dishonored bankrupt, who will pay no thing because he cannot pay all that he owes. Of what service is it to the community to know they have specie in their vaults? For all useful purposes of relief, it migh as well be in the depths of the ocean. Now that it is most wanting, it cannot be had. The Banks pay specie as long as it is not demanded; but so soon as you ask for it, you are to be told, they will lose all their specie ans they cannot pay a dollar. Why do they ever keep specie, unless it be to pay to their creditors, when called for?- It is worse than idle to require them to keep specie in ordinary times, if they are to be permitted to suspend whenever it suits their convenience, and in taking care of themselves scatter distress and ruin over the land. I know they have the hardihood to affirm, that it is to the interest of the community for them to suspend, to pre- vent their specie from being drawn from them and sent to the North, or to Europe. But if there be a demand for specie to be sent abroad, (and this is no doubt the fact,) whose duty is it to supply that demand? The spe- cie is wanted, and must and will be had, as was the case in 1837. If not supplied by the Banks, it must be drawn from the ordinary channels of circulation, and then we are to be told that we must have small change to supply the drain. Shinplasters then become the order of the day. The people are to supply the foreign demand for specie out of their pocket change, then take the dirty trash is- sued by private individuals, while the banks are to be permitted to hoard up their specie, which belongs of right to their depositors and bill holders. And will the Le- gislature, will a forbearing and indulgent people tamely submit to such outrageous injustice? Will they again forgive these faithless corporations for their violated en- gagements, when they now have specie in their vaults, and refuse to redeem their notes, even so far as to pre- vent a recurrence to the shinplaster currency? It may be asked, what I would have the banks to do, when a run is made on them for more specie than they have on hand? I answer, pay out their last dollar, and then say they can pay no longer. This is what their charters require-this is what an honest man would do, and this would satisfy the community; for, if banks would adopt this course, the demand for specie would soon cease Some of them might be con.pelled to suspend for a short time; but there never would be such a de- mand, as to require all the specie from all the banks in the country to supply it, and then all the ordinary chan- nels of circulation would be still full; the inconvenience would fall on the banks who brought about the difficulty by their own mismanagement and overdealing, and not on the innocent community. The people ought not to submit to the sacrifices en- dured during the foriner suspension, while the banks are permitted to go on at their ease and continue to make large dividends, without any sacrifice whatsoever. Let them go into the market and buy specie, whenever the time arrives for a resumption of specie payments. Many an individual will have to pay a high premium on specie to discharge his obligations, and the banks with their hoards claim to be exempt from the least sacrifice. Sooner than submit to such a state of things, it would be far better to require these rotten concerns to be wound up, as utterly faithless to the Commonwealth; and if we must have banks at all, let us create new ones on differ- ent principles, to be prescribed by our Legislature at their next session. In the mean time, if our present Banks refuse to sup- ply our citizens with sufficint specie for ordinary pur- poses of circulation, it is hoped some one will be found independent enough to bring suit on their notes, and in this way extort justice from their hands Once let the example be set, and other suits will soon follow. These arrogant institutions may in this way be made to know, that their interest requires them to discharge their obliga tions to the extent of their means. If they refuse to extend relief, and persist in throwing the burden of their mismanagement on the people, it will be the bounden duty of our Legislature to take a firm and decisive stand against their continuance. If they cannot be reformed or punished-if they cannot be controlled or governed- let them be destroyed. A COUNTRYMAN.

8. October 24, 1839 Staunton Spectator, and General Advertiser Staunton, VA
Article from Staunton Spectator, and General Advertiser, October 24, 1839

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THE SUSPENSION. From the Richmond Compiler, October 15. SUSPENSION OF SPECIE PAYMENTS. was received in this city yesterday of suspensions by the and Baltimore, and morning adelphia News Banks by the in U. Phil- S. Bank in New York, whereupon meetings of the Directors of ourdifferent Banks were convened and they resolved to suspend specie payments for the present. This course by our Banks, was one unavoidable; and adopted in justice to the Banks themselves, to the trade and interests of Richmond, and to the State: which is a large stockholder in them all. For some time our Banks have had to supply heavy demands upon them from the North for specie; and there were in this city, yesterday, several Northern brokers awaiting the hour of9 o'clock, to make large drafts upon them. But the Directors wisely closed the vaults against them, for it would have been suicidal to pay out when there are no longer means of replenishing, left them. The alternative was presented of suspending immediately, or of submitting to a drain through the brokers, which would in a few weeks either compel them to stop business or suspend specie payments. In the former case our trade would have stopped, and our merchants would have been ruined-in the latter the Banks would have weakened themselves in a manner that would have made resumption still the more difficult with them when the time might arrive. Our Banks did not hesitate, and they ought not to have hesitated. They are justified by our citizens.- the annunciation of their determination all was calm, and there was a general indication of satisfaction at the event. The people in the country may rest assured that our Banks have taken their course under circumstances and in a condition which should impart the most perfect confidence in them. They will be ready to resume the moment the course of the Northern Banks render that expedient and proper. The country has fallen into its present miserable condition, through a series of measures which have been levelled at the banking institutions of the State, and have involved the People and the Union in a common catastrophe. The National Bank was destroyed to strengthen the States; and to give them a better currency in the bills of their local institutions. Now the State banks must be destroyed, to strengthen the Federal Government; and to substitute the paper of the Treasury for the paper of the States. The whole process has carried through from the beginning, the whole war has been waged against the National Bank and the State Banks, to realise the original plan of Gen. Jackson for the organization of an Executive Bank, "with the necessary officersas branch of the Treasury department,"-with Mr. Woodbury for the President, Custom House Collectors as deputy presidents of the branches, and your whole Post Office department an association of financial agents and brokers. To this complexion comes the policy of the administration, painted though it may be an inch thick. Are the American people prepared to sacrifice the banking system of the States, to consummate this dangerous union of political and-monied power hands of the Federal Administration.-New York Courier. The Richmond Whig appropriately brings to mind the remark of T.H. BENTON, in ter, that "ANOTHER SUSPENSION BY THE BANKS MAY BE NECESSARY TO CARRY THROUGH THIS GREAT MEASURE"-meaning the sub-Treasury. This has been the whole and sole desire of the Government. "Give us a suspension," say "and can carry the sub-Treasury.' They have succeeded in their effortsperhaps will succeed in obtaining their darling measure. We shall at any rate see how far they can succeed in repairing the mischief all they have accomplished. The people of parties will lock anxiously for the result.BALT. PAT. "Shall ours be a Government of the Banks, or a Government of the People ?" asks a Van Buren paper. Since the expiration of the charter of the U. States Bank, the Jackson and Van Buren Legislatures of the several States seem to have vied with each other in the manufacture of Banks.-They have increased in the Van Buren States as fast as newspapers; and at the present moment, Van Buren men are giving notice throughout Maryland, of their determination to apply to the Legislature for Bank charters. Let the Van Buren people, then, answer the question. "Shall we have (continues the Van Buren paper) a constitutional treasury, or an unconstitutional treasury ?" We do not see that it is likely to make much difference what the treasury is, inasmuch as the public money is carried off the new kind of public treasurers as rapidly almost as it is collected. Nothing of this kind took place when the public funds were kept by the United States Bank.--Balt. Chron. The gratification of the office-holders at the suspension of specie payments may be traced to the fact that now, asduring the late suspension, they can make a "handsome penny" by selling the specie checks they receive for their salaries. Specie will perhaps be worth 5, 10, or 15 per cent., and the officers of the government being paid in specie can readily make the evchange for bank notes, much to their pecuniary advantage. "One currency for the government and another for the people, is their delight, and so long as they can preserve this state of things they will doubtless doit.-Balt. Chron. PUT UP THE FENCE! The opinion prevails extensively-it spreading widely, and the conviction of its correctness the with all resources, in United cannot States, grows get along stronger smoothly, her and mighty stronger-that her business affairs, without the aid of protecting tar-

9. November 1, 1839 Vermont Phœnix Brattleboro, Bellows Falls, Ludlow, VT
Article from Vermont Phœnix, November 1, 1839

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VERMONT PΗΕΝΙΧ. Friday Morning, November 1, 1839. The Suspension. -The Banks in Philadelphia and Baltimore having suspended specie payments, nearly all the Banks south and west have been compelled to follow suit. But we believe all the Banks in New York and New England, with the exception of some of the Rhode Island Banks, continue to redeem their notes in specie. The Providence Banks owing large sums to the Banks of Philadelphia and Baltimore, could not safely continue specie payments, after the banks in these cities had suspended. The best spirit is manifested, as yet, by the Banks of New York and Boston. They are determined not to suspend, unless it should become absolutely necessary for their safety. When the United States Bank suspended, we feared we were on the eve of another universal suspension. But every day brings us evidence of the determination and ability of the Banks in New York and Boston to stem the torrent. At a meeting of delegates from the Boston Banks, recently holden in that city, the following resolution was unanimously adopted: Resolved, That after an interchange of opinions and a statement of facts in regard to the present condition of the Boston Banks, we are fully satisfied that they are in a sound condition, and in the possession of an unusual amount of specie; and that without the occurrence of some unanticipated event, have the utmost confidence in being able to maintain specie payments, and at the same time continue, or even moderately increase their present line of discounts.

10. November 30, 1839 Piney Woods Planter Liberty, MS
Article from Piney Woods Planter, November 30, 1839

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PINEY W PLANTER MEMBERS ELECT TO T BANKS.-Dr. Hagan of the Vicksburg TURE, as far as returns i ey, at high interest, to a Sentinel, in his own clear, forcible and SENATORS, ankrupt. PLANTER Adams, John Ker. Amite peculiar style, thus aludes to the Philadelever paying debts, &c., LIBERTY, SATURDAY. NOV. 30, 1839. Attalla, Leake and Neshoha, S phia Banks: Copiah, Seth Granberry.||for a specimen. If the "The Banks in Philadelphia say that it FOR AN INDEPENDENT TREASURY Carroll & Tall Humphreys. AGAINST A BROKEN DOWN was just and necessary. "that they should icographer issues another wood Leflore. Covington, V UNITED STATES BANK. suspend in 1837, but owiag to the clamor dictionary, he will have to Clarke, John Watts, sr.|| of the people they were compelled to be eanings of many words. De Soto, Tunica, Bolivar, unjust and to resume in 1838." Now they of revolution.- N. York PRESIDENT, Washington, Alfred Cox. have corrected the last injustice by susMARTIN VAN BUREN Hinds, Upton Miller.||pending again for the good of the people, rred to Dishonor.-Durand as soon as they shall have stolen enPerry and Green, H. Alsbary. VICE PRESIDENT, Itawamba and Pontotoe, Job ough to render them entirely comfortable reign of terror, in 1793, RICHARD M. JOHNSON. and independent, they will resume again! ferson and Franklin, Philip O. I e occurred which in the This is precisely the amount of the adper, Smith, Newton and Scott, a would have immortaldress of the Banks of Philadelphia to Kemper and Lauderdale, Jose UNITED STATES SENATOR. ne; it is almost unknown, the people of that bank-ridden StateLafayette and Panola, Thos. 1 r traced the story. We signed by John White, William Welsh and rence, A. Smith. R. J. WALKER. nquire into the principles Jas. S. Newbold. They hope, also, that Madison, Henry Phillips. ed her; suffice it that in the Bank of England will suspend, just DEMOCRATIC DOCTRINES. Yazoo, R. C. Campbell.|| most of her stamp, she to keep the vallanious white-leg gamblers SENATORS WHOSE TERM The power for the incorporation of a Natruggle as one in which EXPIRED. in Philadelphia in countenance." tional Bank, has not, in my opinion, been delewith tyranny Her on. the Center has the " I