17820. Bank of Wooster (Wooster, OH)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Suspension → Closure
Bank Type
state
Start Date
March 1, 1848*
Location
Wooster, Ohio (40.805, -81.935)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
0df513d9

Response Measures

None

Description

The bank suspended payment of its notes in April 1848 (articles state 'remains in a state of suspension' and pays deposits). Failures of J. S. Lake & Co. (a principal owner/agent/correspondent) are repeatedly cited as the cause. Subsequent coverage (Tribune) states the Bank of Wooster 'failed in March' and later legal injunctions were issued against directors (June 1848). No clear account of depositor runs is described in the articles; sequence is suspension tied to correspondent/bank-specific failures and then permanent failure/closure.

Events (3)

1. March 1, 1848* Other
Newspaper Excerpt
The Bank of Wooster, with a circulation of $489,619. failed in March. Of course, her report is not included under the head of 1848.
Source
newspapers
2. April 6, 1848 Suspension
Cause
Correspondent
Cause Details
Suspension tied to the reported failure of J. S. Lake & Co., a principal owner/agent holding large deposits and assets of the bank; directors awaiting Lake's exhibit to determine policy.
Newspaper Excerpt
In the meantime, the Bank remains in a state of suspension, so far as its notes are concerned; but pays deposites.
Source
newspapers
3. June 19, 1848 Other
Newspaper Excerpt
Writs of injunctions have been granted by Judge Cox, restraining the present Directors and Stockholders of the Bank of Wooster from selling or transferring the assets of the bank for fraudulent purposes, and enjoining the debtors from making payment to the old managers of the institution.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (11)

Article from New-York Daily Tribune, November 22, 1847

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utting THE on STATE AUTH the amount of duties paid upon the same, exclusive of that sent to warehouse, has been as follows, compared with the same period last year 1847. 1846. $186,991 Free goods $111,583 Free goods 3,950 Specie Species. 945.629 Dutiable 547,529 Dutiable 232.349 Cash 99,092 Cash The increase of imports this year is $477,458, and the increase of duties received is $133,257. The amount of exports the past week was $609.657, of which $423,654 was in American vessels The arrivals were 59 and clearances 39. Among the ex. ports there were To Great Cheese, 254,949 lbs: Beef, 187 tcs Bacon. 189,283 lbs Whalebone, 14,224 do: Cotton 2,034 bales Corn, 6,213 bush; Lard, 49,171 lbs Flour, 10 bbls. To France Rice, 141,896 lbs: Cotton. 365 bales Pork, 100 bble Tallow, 83,767 lbs; Ashes, 79 bble; Beef, 25 do. A telegraph dispatch from Cincinnati in the morning papers announced the probable suspension of the Wooster (Ohio) Bank, and that the Cincinnati Banks had declined taking its notes. During the day we received A dispatch from Cincinnati, in reply to one sent in the morning, stating the Banks of Cincinnati were then taking the bills in deposit and for payments. The Bank of Wooster has $100,000 in specie in its vaults, and has large amount of eight funds at the East. The advices by the Acadia in regard to the financial condition of Great Britain are unsatisfactory and unexpectedly unfavorable. The impression had prevailed that she would bring accounts that the crisis had passed, and that a favorable turn of affairs had ar. rived. Notwithstanding, however, the relief afforded by the temporary suspension of the stringent provisions of Peel's bills, the failures seem to have continued. and the difficulty of obtaining discounts or loans not mate. rially diminished. The rates of discount were in 8 measure alleviated, but nothing but first-class securities could be negotiated, and then at prices which no regu. lar business could sustain. During the last few days, however, before the steamer sailed, there was a rather better feeling In London. and a telegraph dispatch, dated London. Nov. 4-10 A M. says Money easier at the London Stock Exchange worth, say, six per cent. The Bank had received a million Sterling in coin from the Continent within ten days, and this, with arrival of considerable sums from America, which are on the way must do much toward restoring public confidence. The Rothschilds are also stated to have received A million and a half Sterling in coin from the Continent. Our own impression is that the next Cunard steamer will show an improved state of things, and that matters will steadily mend. The worst feature appears now to be the utterly prostrate condition of the trade in every department, excepting Iron. Our Cotton interest, it is evident. will suffer severely this Winter. as indeed it has already The state of the manufacturing districts is such as to forbid any hope of an Immediate improve ment in the price of our great staple. Breadstuffe promise better. and the prospect is that before Spring we shall have large demand for Flour and Corn from Eu rope at remunerative prices. The accounts of the crops in some parts of the Continent are, we notice, less fa. vorable than by previous accounts. and in Ireland the destitution is extensive and severe. According to the Union, the public debt of the United States now due is forty-five millions. The Union carefully keeps out of the account the immense amount of outstanding claims against the Government for war expenses, not probably less than ten millions more, The Union says By reference to the official accounts from the books of the Treasury. given by the late Register of the Treas. ury. Mr. Gillet dated December 1, 1846. and which we again publish, it appears that the public debt due on the 4th of Marcb. 1845. before this administration came into power. was $17,788.79 62, a part of which has been paid by this administration Deduct this from the amount as above stated now due, it leaves the amount follows: as $45,122,423 93 Public debt now due 62 17,788,799 6 Public debt due 4th March, 1845 Increase of debt since 4th March, 1845 $27,333,624 31 S latement of the Debt of the United States on the 1st of No. vember. 1847. Of the principal and interest of the old funded and un. 53 $122,288 funded debt. Treasury notes issued during the war of 4.317 44 1812 4,320.09 Certificates of Missippi stock Debt of the corporate cities of the District 1.080.000 00 of Columbia 8,343,886 03 Loan of 1842 at per cent 6,604,231 35 Loan of 1843 at per cent Treasury notes issued prior to 4th March, 239,239 3 30 1845. outstanding Outstanding treasury notes issued under 1,079,900 00 act of 22d July, 1846 Outstanding treasury notes issued under 13,887,700 00 act of 28th January, 1847 4.999.149 4 45 Loan of 1846 at 6 per cent 8,384,250 00 Loan of 1847 at 6 percent Loan of 1846 at 5 per cent. in payment of the 4th and 5th instalments of the Mex. 301,515 74 loan indemnity 71,625 00 Military bounty land-scrip $45,122,423 93 Total The amount of specie imported at Boston from Jan. 1 to Nov. 1. is $122,327,739. The amount exported during the same period is $632,309. Since the 14th however, the amount exported has more then doubled. the Caledonia having taken out over $650,000. At Baltimore there is a very active demand for money. Offerings at Bank have increased during the week. and good paper is more abundant The Knickerbocker Fire Insurance Company have declared a dividend of 8 per cent payable on the 1st of December The Bank of Augusta, Geo. has declared a dividend of three 50-0000 dollare per share. The Bank of Westminster. Md. has declared a dividend of 3 per cent for the last six months. y Markets Carefully reported for The Tribune. SATURDAY, November 20. d E There was but little movement in produce to. D day, the steamer having been announced at an early N hour. and operations suspended until her advices were received ASHES There were only small sales making lower a prices-6 37 for Pote and 8.25 for Pearls. COTTON-The sales were to very small extent and the market unsettled After the steamer was announced b there was nothing done. h FLOUR AND MEAL-There was a pretty good deI mand for Flour this morning. and the market was steady Fair brands Michigan and Oswego sold at 6 06@6 12 and Genease 184 to the extent of 4,000 or 5,000 d bbls including 1.000 bbls for shipment at 6181. After is the steamer's advices were received holders were rather it firmer in their demand, and were asking 12) eta advance y on the morning rates There was some disposition to a, buy and sales of about 4,000 bbis were made at 6 12 for


Article from Portage Sentinel, December 8, 1847

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lingly encountdred and bravely endured our good then, of the effect upon the Judge, here, when they look back from over their men distance which separates them some in an effort to find at home friends, appreciation of their self-sacrificing proper It is bitter and humiliating. tell conduct! sir, there is a spirit abroad this among war, good you, Americans engaged in which the will not sleep during futurity-aspir thunder but awaits their return to the mouthing, full of a most unjust party, is the an honest indignation. phants down it which of upon scribbling the It land meas- syco- duure that brooded over this our the same war of of the Revolution and and men of the present have lived to curse, of repentance, the hour when life tears sied ring war; with the age, day, she with with pal- see the scornful finger, marked them for can as of their country. We HERE in '76 TORIES difference between the men who in '47 no the British, and those who the Mexsuccored and sympathy from to man gave arguments icans.-This kind of language whig a in into this campaign a but came sound strange to you; policy, may and again been have and to suffer that who again which compelled alienated would to 1 listen changed to the disposition and parhave affections of the most determined the the Even now, I do not object to eld tizan. and main principles of my the leading much as I curse and deprecate and tone party of so its acknowledged leaders, supporters. there is any reason which will hon- preIf General Scott from effecting an the orable vent peace, commanding ns he does of the Aztecs, with his power- which it is the spirit of treason I say is In whig journals at a whole ful the understandingly battery, leading city promulgated Jalapa, home. short by a some ladrones of the late sortie upon possessed myself of all published in that them [ find in upon in Mexico, the against our army are time same newspapers ments examining since,{ as published strongest place, the that United place, argu- and selections from Whig papers in "Boletin I send you a copy of the States. Noticas," in which you will perceive the de that the first article is an extract from National Intelligencer. Your Friend, F. M. WYMKOOP. You may publish this if you please. I have become so disgusted with what have that I have no care for the consequeuseen ces which this kind of truth may produce. Some two weeks ago a report was had in circulation that the Bank of Wooster failed, and that its notes had been refused on deposite by the Life Insurance and failure Trust at Cincinnati. The rumored out to be unfounded; and turned Co attempted thereupon convey all the federal papers to the impression that it was "silly rumor" by the bank destructives for the The purgot up of injuring the credit of the bank. the following pose article which we copy from Kalida (Putnam co.) Venture, shows been that, whoever the rumor may have the by started, the friends of the bank, if not bank itself, have taken advantage of the rumor for the purpose of fleecing the people and filling their own pockets; and the it circumstance shows how easy a matter is for a bank to defraud its bill-holders at a distance, while it is yet solvent and while its bills are redeemable at its own counter. Especially is it an easy matter where the banks pursue the policy of keeping their as far from home as possible, as with the manufacturers currency" in is circulation the case this State. of "home THE WOOSTER BANK.-This Institution, its has during the past week made, through holders quite a large haul off the insurof agents, its notes. Last week, the Life for a and Trust Company refused of the ance couple of days to receive the notes a Wooster Bank on deposit. A panic bor- was consequence.-The agents and the of the Bank were willing purchas- the rowers of the bank notes in this and all at counties ers, along the line of the Canal Life livenly.five per cent disc unt. he to take Trust Co., has again consented credand Wooster paper in deposite, the bank's fleeced; is restored; but the peopie are have it and its agents and borrowers their thousands by the of a yaunted as to but which these bank to upon abused the pocketed credit depend specie, bank currency public faith. tricks preferable brief profit prove dis- by When will the people of Ohio experience and repudiate a syswhich in every instance it has dear tem, bought has been pro- triunder every variation of laws, duced|but ed, one result-the creation of nband of organized legal swindlers.


Article from Carroll Free Press, April 13, 1848

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From the Cleveland Herald. BANK OF WOOSTER--PROBABLE FAILURE-REPORTED SUSPENSION OF J. S. LAKE & CO. IN NEW YORK. It is reported by telegraph from New York hat the house of J. S. Lake & Co. has suspended payments. Mr. Lake has long been a principal owner and manager of the Wooster Bank. Notwithstanding the Bank of Wooster has the vaunted Democratic safeguard of "individtual liability of stockholders, we fear the people wili sustain heavy losses should the reported failure be correct. The circulation cannot be less than about Four Hundred and Fifty Thousanp dollars. We append the last published statement of the Bank: STATEMENT OF THE BANK OF WOOSTER. Monday Fabruery my 1848


Article from The Lancaster Gazette, April 14, 1848

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WOOSTER, APRIL 6. BANK OF WOOSTER.-Nothing further has transpired with regard to this suspended institution. Every thing as we are informed by the Cashier, depends up. on the exhibit which shall be made by Mr. Joseph S. Lake; and as nothing has as yet been heard from him, the Directors cannot, of course, determine what policy to pursue. In the meantime, the Bank remains in a state of suspension, SO far as its notes are concerned; but pays deposites.-- Democrat.


Article from Carroll Free Press, April 20, 1848

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BANK OF WOOSTER. Nothing further has transpired with regard to the condition of this suspended institution Every thing. as we are informed by the Cashier. depends upon the exhibit. which shall be made by Mr. Joseph S. Lake; and as nothing has as yet.been heard from him, the Directors cannot, of course, determine what policy to pursue. In the mean time, the Bank remains in a state of sus pension, so far as its notes are concerned; but pays deposites. In a few days we trust the public will be in possession of such information as will enable it to judge of the extent of the calamity which has befallen us.- Wooster Democrat.


Article from Portage Sentinel, April 26, 1848

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any our repuering to the Bank TACIT acc units, from which all appeared to be fair and satisfactory The books of the Bank on the evening previous to the suspension, as exhibited to the Directors in the Cashier's weekly statethat its assets to ment, showed amounted exclusive and its liabilities, of the stock, contingent and dividends, to $767,729, capital unclaimed $492,403; fund, profits and of which $462,228 was in circulation, the the balance principally deposites. Of assets showed $92,560 to be in specie, notes of other banks; and the they exchange; $415,291 $89, in bills discounted and bills of 759 deposited with J. .S Lake & Co.;$50, 428 deposited with O. Klemm & Co; $57, State stocks; $19,244 in real estate, balance in those that enter into a 665 and items, in the usually miscellaneous bank I have account; but from what investigation of been able to make, I find that the assets Lake in the hauds J. S. o Klemm & Co., at the & Co. bank and actually $540,000, the con- time of their failure, was about them sisting of the above items charged to of as deposits, the State stock drafts, bills of respectively the bank, exchange, the bank &c.; a under the control of consisting of specie and notes bove little leaving over items $200,000, of of the other areal estate and miscellanies; and the of bills payable at the a porare bad or tion balance, banks, of which doubtful bank, debts; but, as what 1 am not to amount, advised. the The public will perceive, from above which are substantia of its liabilities, statements, that the amount ily which correct, the bank will be able ultimately to liquidate, will depend upon the amount that may be saved from the wrecks of J. S. Lake & Co. and o. Klemm & Co.; but, as to what amount may be so saved, or whether any amount, the Directors are as yet entirely in the dark. The enquiry will naturally arise in the public mind, as to what Mr. Lake and Mr. Klemm have done with so large an amount of the bank assets. In reply to would say, that they acknowledge this inquiry the loss of during the year produce which I presume $150,000 operations, last they in into with its funds; and that I am insince the explosion, formed, went that it was the its that Mr Lake got up Banks at Akron and a in Texas, and purchased with Branch Bank means, Toledo, the Mine- and ral of and the Bank Maryland, of Canal which Bank has of Cleveland; the stock in all worthless, in of Of what other become his failure. nearly consequence spoculations of the the stockholders and noteholders bank have been made the victims, we are as yet unadvised; but time will, herhaps, develope them. The failure of the Bank has been caused solely by that of J. S. Lake & Co and ! deem it but justice to the Directors to with say, I believe that they have acted agrity(thought not in its perfect that out great indiscretion) certainly management with-that the catastrophe was as unexpected to them as it was to the public-perhaps and that J. S. Lake & Co. a time, studiously more for so; long prevented, have, true at least a portion of them, of knowing the condition of its assets in their hands. JOHN H. HARRIS. Wooster, April 10, 1848. Supposing the officers of the bank had laid before the public the statement of the condition of the bank, as contained in the statement of the weekly Cashier the and eve- who ning before the bank suspended, would have known from that statement but that the bank was in a perfectly safe and sound condition? It would have shown that, to meet its liabilities, amounting to $492,403, it had assets to the amount of which were composed of the or items in bank dinary $767,729, comprised statements. determine If bankers are shrewd enough to from such a statement the condition of the institution making it, we think it will not be denied that it would afford no protection to the people generally against the villainous robberies which have been committed against the people ever since the institution of banking had an existence, through the instrumentality of paper money. We think given above, as that of the statement of the the statement weekly Cashier, February and that made by the bank on the 7th of last, are conclusive proof that no reliance is to be placed upon bank statements-that they afford the bill-holders no information as to the condition of the bank. Note it down. Haming -


Article from Portage Sentinel, May 10, 1848

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Another Bank Gone. The prospects are fair for the people ge:ting a surfeit of the blessings of rag money. There is scarcely a month rolls round that we do not have the announcement of the failure or suspension of some one of the numerous "rag mills' that are scatter ed over the country, But n few months have passed since several of the New York State banks and several banks in other States, the paper of which formed a considerable portion of the circulation of this State, had failed, cheating the honest and industrious noteholders out of their just dues. Scarcely has the sensation produced by the failure of the Bank of Wooster subsided, ere we have the intelligence of the fail. of another bank.-The Erie Bank, at Erie, Pa, "suspended" payment on Friday last, and lelt a large amount of its rollen pronises in the hands of the people. What is the amount of its circulation, or what the condition of the bank, we do not know; but we do know that there is considerable of its paper in the hands of people here who have given it credit, notwithstanding the unfavorable reports that were in circulation but about a month ago against the solven cy of the bank, because they believed Mr. Reed, who was the principal stockholder in, if not the sole owner of, the bank, was wealthy, and would sustain the credit of bank But the accounts state that the failure of the bank was in consequence of the failure of Reed. The Erie Observer contains the follow ing paragraph in relation to the failure of the bank: SUSPENSION OF THE ERIE BANK -We stop the press to say that the Erio Bank suspended payment to dny. We have ther time nor inclination for comment To bill holders we would say, don't sacrifice at present. The Cashier assures us it has means, though just not now available, to redeem its circulation dollar for dollar." It may be well for those who can, to heed the above caution, as nothing will be lost by holding on to the notes for n short time, and it may be that the bank will eventually redeem its entire circulation. It is a caution which is almost universally thrown out whenever a bank fails, for the purpose of allaying the storm of just indigdation which is incited by these villainous robberies of the people by the banks; and it has been but too successful. Had it not, been so, there would not now be a bank a bove ground to feed and fatten upon the productions of labor. But should this bank enventually redeem all of its liabilities, the bank advocates will claim that it has injured Hone, and that the community has not suffered in any degree by its existence. Yet such is not the case. It impossible that a bank should fail, having a large amount of its notes in circulation, without there being much of it in the hands of persons who are under the necessity of putting it to immediate use, and yel they cannot do so unless they dispose of it at a sacrifice of from 25 to 75 cents on the dollar. When the op portunity offers there are always enough greedy speculators, who have sufficient money, and who can wait until the bank can gather up its assets, to buy up the bills at a discount, and it is in this way that the avails of Inbor, through the instrumentality of bank failures and gross bank frauds, are transferred from the hands of the producers to whom they belong, to the hands of speculators and bank officers and agents who solt not neither do they spin." The liability of banks to fail is not the only objection to those institutions, though


Article from The New York Herald, May 16, 1848

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E. Z. Andrews & Co., com'ssion merchants,. N. Orleans. Besides the above there have been two large failures in St. Louis, produce dealers; one in Charleston, S. C., commission merchant; two in Boston; also four bank failures: the Atlas Bank, New York; Memphis Bank, Tennessee; Bank of Wooster, Ohio, and Erie Bank, Pennsylvania. Several banks in this State, not named, suspended, but have since resumed, and are again actively engaged in business. The immense amount which the houses named above must have lost before becoming bankrupts, and the losses which have fallen upon all those connected in any way with the foreign trade of the country, can be imagined by reference to the annexed statement of depreciated prices for our staples:- DEPRECIATED VALUE OF AMERICAN PRODUCE.


Article from New-York Daily Tribune, June 17, 1848

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Comparative Liabilities Aug. 1847. May, 1848. inc. $233,543 $7,771,669 $8,005,212 Circulation dec. 7,164 772,381 765,217 Due to banks inc. 596,979 4,170,824 4,767,803 Deposits " 842,324 5,372,058 6,214,386 Capital stock dec. 380,422 1,522,538 1,902,960 Other liabilities The Bank of Wooster, with a circulation of $489,619. failed in March. Of course, her report is not included under the head of 1848. The comparison of immediate assets and liabilities IMMEDIATE ASSETS is as follows: May, 1848. August, 1847. $2,323,639 $2,681,473 Specie 1,606,693 1,517,483 Bank Notes 831,981 776,851 Due from Banks 2,396,343 1,317,991 Eastern Deposits $7,159,056 $6,293,798 Total IMMEDIATE LIABILITIES. August, 1847 May, 1848. $7,771,669 $8,005,212 Circulation 772,881 765,217 Due Banks 4,170,824 4,767,803 Deposits $12,714,874 $13,538,232 Total It will be seen that while the assets have decreased nearly $1,000,000, the liabilities have increased over $800,000. We are afraid our Ohio friends are going ahead too fast, and that a continuation of the present specie drain would embarrass them, perhaps to a generalsuspension. A judicious curtailment would be much preferable to bankruptcy. The Commercial Bank at Kingston, Canada, has declared a semi-annual dividend of 31 per cent. The receipts at the Custom-House, Tampico, during the last year have been $600,000, collected at an expense of about $10,000. The question of creating a sinking fund for the gradual but certain extinguishment of the State debt is again broached and urged in some of the papers of Pennsylvania.


Article from New-York Daily Tribune, June 19, 1848

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Some of the bids were made as low as par. The fact that Corcoran & Riggs have nearly the whole loan, and that foreign capitalists have an interest in it, are favorable features, as that house will be able to meet the instalments with less embarrassment to the mercantile community than any other concern. Their influence with the Treasury Department is such that the payments can be made in the time and place, and in the manner to meet their convenience. it is their interest of course, to sustain the price of the loan, and consequently they will so manage that the least possible inconvenience will be felt by the Banks. It seems that our opinion, as expressed on Saturday, that the loan would go as high as 3 per cent. was correct. Writs of injunctions have been granted by Judge Cox, restraining the present Directors and Stockholders of the Bank of Wooster from selling or transferring the assets of the bank for fraudulent purposes, and enjoining the debtors from making payment to the old managers of the institution. At Philadelphia Stocks continue without animation, although money is becoming easier. First-rate short business paper can be cashed at 9 per cent. per annum, but for longer dates as high as 1 to 1½ per cent. per month is required. At Buffalo the money market still continues in a tolerably stringent condition. The failure of Joseph S. Lake & Co. of this city, involved the temporary suspension of the Mineral Bank of Maryland. The Directors have just published a statement of the condition of that concern on the 15th instant, which is as annexed: LIABILITIES. Circulation outstanding..


Article from New-York Daily Tribune, June 14, 1849

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The main increase is in local travel, a portion of which is to be ascribed to the opening of the Nashua connection. The freight item has also improved—all of which is evidence of a sound improvement in the condition of the Company. The sale of surplus dépôt lands at Worcester to the Worcester and Boston Road for $58,000 has enabled the Company to pay off a considerable amount of debt. The bills of the Banks which have broken during the last year are selling as follows: Bank of Norwalk, Ohio, 50 cts; Bank of Sandusky, Ohio, 37 cts.; Canal Bank, Albany, 90 cts.; Bank of Wooster, Ohio, 20 cts.; New Hope Delaware Bridge, 20 cts; Atlas Bank, real estate notes, 70 cts. N. Y. stock notes, 95 cts; Erie Bank, Pa. 85 cts.; Hamilton, R. I. 25c. We annex a list of the latest counterfeits, from Thompson's Bank-Note Reporter: Threes, on the Mechanics' Bank, of New-Haven—vignette, three female; Tens, on the Bank of Waterville, N Y—vignette, Declaration of Independence; Tens, on the Camden Bank, N J; Tens on the Tolland County Bank, Conn; Fives, on the Troy City Bank, Threes, on the Camden Bank, N Y; Threes, on the Bank of Westfield, N Y; Tens, on the Claremont Bank, N H; Threes, on the Stamford Bank, Mass; Threes, on the Otego County Bank; Fifties, on the State Bank, Newark; Twenties, on the Cumberland Bank, Md; Fives, on the Troy City Bank; Twenties, on the Stark Bank, East Bennington, Vt; Fives, on the Franklin County Bank, Malone, N Y—altered from Ones, by the pasting operation. Hon. Jas. K. Moorhead has been elected President of the Cincinnati and Louisville Telegraph Co. The Stock market is running upward at Philadelphia as well as here. Almost all descriptions are in speculative demand. The Governor of Connecticut has signed the bill chartering the Hartford County Bank. The Farmers' Bank of Bridgeport has passed both Houses.