16787. banks of this city (New York, NY)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Suspension → Reopening
Bank Type
state
Start Date
October 13, 1857
Location
New York, New York (40.714, -74.006)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
5d8f1dbf

Response Measures

None

Description

The articles collectively describe a general suspension of specie payments by the banks of New York during the 1857 financial panic and discuss plans to resume operations (resumption anticipated mid-November). No discrete bank run on a single named bank is described; the event is systemwide and driven by international/market pressures. I kept the provided generic bank name and marked it as unsure because the coverage is of the banking system rather than a single institution.

Events (3)

1. October 13, 1857 Other
Newspaper Excerpt
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Oct. 13, 1867. Notice is hereby given... limitation contained in the law authorizing this department to purchase stocks ... It is not within its power to make further purchases at present. HOWELL COBB, Secretary of the Treasury.
Source
newspapers
2. October 14, 1857 Suspension
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
Drain of specie tied to international/European banking disturbances and broader financial revulsion (panic of 1857) prompted a general suspension of specie payments by city banks
Newspaper Excerpt
the banks of this city were compelled to suspend specie payments
Source
newspapers
3. November 16, 1857 Reopening
Newspaper Excerpt
After the 16th of November the banks of this city will resume the old system of doing business. This will lead to a more speedy resumption of specie payments.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (3)

Article from The New York Herald, October 15, 1857

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Article Text

State. All the State stock secured bills will be taken at par, and form a part of the general currency of the State the same - the bills of this city. They will be use 1 in adjusting balances at the Clearing House, the same as so much specie. It looks now as though the trouble and difficulty in regulating accounts would so be entirely removed. This will let loose large amount of currency, and give new life to business. It will give a great impetus to the forwarding of crops, and tend much towards a reduction in he price for all kinds of agricul tryal product I is to be hoped that the banks will not enlarge their discount line much under this new order of things. It is now pretty well settled that the banks of this city were compelled to suspend specie payments by the combined action of the foreign backing houses located in and about Wall street, alded by the disaffected portion of our own mercantile community. The princip cause was the drain of specie by certain backing houses cenmeeted with American bankers abroad The object was to comrel the banks to suspent, 60 that all obstacles to an expansion of loans would be removed, and that the barks could increase their discounts and give & start to the exportation of produce In forcing the banks to do this, these agents of foreign bankers calculated to arrest any exportation of specie from London to this country, and thus save their principals or branches in England and on the Continent The plan was a very sbrewd one, and has so far been well carried out. It was to operate in this way :-A large private banking house not far from the Custom house, is connected with severa banking heuses in England, Any panic or revulsion in the London money market, caused or increased by large shipments of gold to the United States, would seriously emdanger the existence of these Europeas agencies or branches. The object of the parties here is, therefore, to prevent, If possible, any action on the part of our banks that would shipments of specie from Liverpool to New York, It is well known to these disanciers that a centrac. tion in discounts persisted in would leave no other alternative, but an importation of gold. It is herefore deter. mined, on the part of these private bankers to force our banks into a suspension of specie payments if possible, knowing fall well that there is no other way to prevent the contraction from continuing All their plans were laid to bring about this desirable and important result. How well they succeeded our columns will show. The walcs of this city had drawnfrom them yes terday full five millions of dollars. and It is pretty well known that the bulk of that large sum was drawn by four or five bar king houses connected with bankers in Lon ion. It was a matter of life and death with these London houses, and it may even now be too late to avert the anticipated disaster. If our banks expand they will contribute to the success of the plan of these Anglo- American private bank ing houses, and the only way to fruitrate their nefarious schemes is to keep their discount lines as snug as possible. and turn the current of bullion this way from the vaults of the Bank of England. Albert H. Nicolay's regular semi weekly anotion sale of stocks and bonds will take e to-morrow (Thursday), at 19½ o'cleck, at the Merchaz Exchange. A fine list of secu rities will be offered, including bonds and bank and Insuracce stocks, such as Bank of New York, Fulton, Trates men's, St. Nicholas, &c., an Howard, Equitable, Brocklyn, Firemen's and Etna surance companies, &o. The Ocean Bank is doing business as usual, upon the same terms as other banks of the city, and will take its place in the Clearing House to-morrow. So will the Bank of New York. The Assistant Treasurer reports to-day as follows:Total receipts $33,151 01 Payments 98 839 19 Balance 5,761 30 We have the announcement by telegraph from New Or. leans that the steamsbip Northerg Light is on her way to this port from Aspinwall-with $1,250,000 in California gold. She will be due about Saturday. The most important movement to day, in relation to the movement of the banks and the suspension of specie pay. ments, was the meeting of the Judges of the First and Second Judicial districts of the Supreme Court, for the pur. pose of considering the position and condition of our moneyed Institutions. All the particulars of the consultation and the conclusions of the Judges are given in another part of this edition, under the appropriate head. It will be seen that, so far as our courts are concerned, there will be no interruption to the business of the banks. The banks continue their business as usual. Checks are certified without delay, deposits received and the operations of the Clearing House contin ued the same as before the suspension Netwithstanding this the managers of our banks feel very uneasy, and not at all satisfied with the present and prospective condition of financial affairs. The machinery of commerce appear to move along more smoothly, and a few days may give us a clearer horizon to judge by. The best financiers 0 the day are unable to express any opinion regarding the future; and as for OUR bank presidents and cashiers, they are completely lost in the chaos and confusion surrounding them. The savings banks have suspended. Perhaps 11 would be more correct to say that they had availed themselves of the terms and conditions upon which their deposits are made, and would not resume pay ment again in specie un til the full expiration of the sixty days. An account of the proceedings of the managers of these institutions will be found in another column. The United States Treasury Department has issued the following notice in relation to the redemption of govera ment stocks:TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Oct. 13, 1867. Notice is bereby given, that the limitation contained in the law authorizing this spartment to purchase stocks of the United States having been reached, It is not within its power to make further purchases at present. HOWELL COBB, Secretary of the Treasury. The Chemical Bank to paying specie to day, and its offlcers assure us that they will continue to pay. In the suspension of specie payments in 1837 we believe that the Chemical Bank was the only one that did not suspend. The bank, on a capital of $300,000, has a surplus of $560,000. The Clearing House owed It on Tuesday $59,000, and to-day $36,000. On Monday It had in specie $343,153. The bank is mainly in private hands and feels very comfortable. Full particulars of suspensions in other cities and in other parts of the country will be found under our telegraphic head. The surpension has, we believe, been general. In the report of Mr. Nicolay anction sale this morning the following errors and omissions were made $4,000 South Carolina per et bds & 15. should be 7536 10 000 Miw & Hericon Land mtg 10's at 7836 were passed 1,100 sHw City should be 50 10,000 Louisiana State 50. should be (with Interest) 6916 6,000 Milw and Boricon 1st mig 8 per ct. bs., at 1336 a 15 were omitted. The earnings of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railr ad Company for the month of September were as follows, via $77,690 91 From freight 96,150 83 From passengers From mail 4,482 29 Miscellaneous 67 24 Total $178,391 27 Earnings for September, 1856, were 172,155 50 Increase 6,335.77 Increase over August, 1857 $45,684 21 Stock Exchange WEDNESDAY, Oct. 14, 1887. 91 9 $5000 N Y 6'a,1862.. 100 she Erie RR. 012 do do. 8000 9016 40


Article from The New York Herald, November 11, 1857

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Article Text

possible, paid out this money in payment for checks, and not certified them as heretofore. This has much reduced the operations of the Clearing House. Now that the city banks have arranged to tivow out the issues of our country banks after a fixed day, the movement in exchanges and balances between the different city institutions will increase, and we shall soon, beyond a doubt, return to about the former average. As soon as this country currency matter is arranged and disposed of, the certification of checks on presentation, instead of their payment in country bank bills, will take place; and as these go into the clearing houses, the business of that office will of course increase. After the 16th of November the banks of this city will resume the old system of doing business. This will lead to a more speedy resumption of specie payments. All the artificial methods created and forced upon us by the suspension must be disposed of before a sound and healthy tone of financial and commercial affairs can return. The first step has been taken in the disposition of this enormous amount of irredeemable money. The next must be a resumption, and we trust that is not so far distant as we anticipated a few days since. The only real obstacle has been removed, and the banks of this city are not only prepared but anxious to get back again into the legitimate line of business. The banks have an enormous dead weight-$25,000,000on hand, and they can only get rid of it, or rather make t active, by an absolute out and out resumption. The annexed statement exhibits the details of the land sales of the Illinois Central Railroad Company or the past month, and for the present year to November 1:ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD-LAND DEPARTMENT. Total. Acres. Principal. Interest. Constructon lands 18,361.75 $198,294 24,226 222,520 Free lands 1,947.32 25,350 3,042 28,392 Interest 400.47 998 11,771 12,770 Total $235,416 20,709.54 28,266 263,683 Add town lots 93 2,161 2,254 Total of all $237,577 28,359 265,937 RECAPITULATION. Agg. last m'hly rep. 298,184 $3,686,563 433,513 4,120,076 20,709 237,577 Agg. this report 265,937 28,359 Total of all to date. 318,894 $3,924,141 461,872 4,386,014 The aggregate for the present year-1857-is likely to exceed five million of dollars. The gross earnings of the Chicago and Rock Island Railroad Company for the month of October, 1857, amounted to $157,116 00 October, 1856 237,711 31 Decrease $80,595 31 This is a better exhibit than the one given yesterday. The above returns are correct and show a decrease of $80,595 instead of $98,000, as reported. The amount of tolls received on the New York State canals during the fourth week in October was $91,195. against $143,869 for the same week last


Article from The New York Herald, November 27, 1857

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Article Text

# FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. # MONEY MARKET. THURSDAY, Nov. 26-6 P. М. Wall street and the Stock Exchange were nearly deserted to-day. Occasionally a bull or a bear wonld make his appearence, emerging from some cellar or dark, dismal looking office, look about for a moment to see if there was any one disposed to make an operation, long or short, and then disappear. No transactions were made establishing new prices or confirming the old. The liberal extracts in our columns from London papers, regarding the financial and commercial revulsion of England and the Conti-nent of Europe, have no doubt been carefully read and digested by financiers and speculators, and we shall probably see upon the opening of the market the result of their deliberations and conclusions. There are doubtless many who will not only take a favorable view of our foreign advices, but will be dis-posed to act accordingly. We trust their movements will be limited in extent and amount. The news is far from being good for any commercial interest in any part of the world. The finances of the two great leading nations of the earth are totally deranged, and it is utterly impossible that anything but dis-aster and distress can come out of it. The suspension of specie payment by a great banking institution is an event fraught with consequences of the most alarming character. A suspension is always the result of a long and severe financial pressure, and the change is calculated for the moment to produce re-lief, but it is only imaginary. It is more in the mind than in fact, and the relief only lasts until people be-gin to realize that, if anything, really a worse condi-tion of affairs exists. A short time generally suffices to open their eyes to the fact, and then they see in the future a long period of prostration, depression, stagnation and general depletion. There must be a bone fide basis for representative currencies. Either gold or silver must be the standard; and the estab-lishment of any artificial system doing away for the moment with the proper standard of value, cannot but bring about all sorts of difficulties. In the United States and in Great Britain we have at this moment a paper standard of value. We have a cur-rency that can be expanded at pleasure to an un-limited extent. There is now no regulator but the discretion of the public, and the course of things is, therefore, just as likely to move one way as the other. The most desperate class of speculators will undoubtedly make every effort to extend their opera-tions, regardless of the effect upon the rest of the community, while the more cautious and conserva-tive portion of the public will contract their operations, economise in their expenditures, liquidate their indebtedness, and place them-selves in a position to stand the shock that must come when these great banking institu-tions of the world resume specie payments. We must not for a moment lose sight of the fact that another and more terrible revulsion will pass over the financial and commercial classes when a resump-tion takes place, no matter how distant the day may be. An expansion in credits, in business, or in prices, during the suspension, will only make mat-ters worse upon the resumption, and this important fact should be constantly borne in mind. The Bank of England and the banks of this city must act in unison, and sustain each other in any new move-ment made. Our position is decidedly the strongest, and is likely to increase in strength. The operations of trade, both in this country and throughout Eu-rope, must be much restricted, and a long period of stagnation and inactivity follow. Through such a process only can we reach again a healthy position The Order in Council suspending the Bank act stipulates that the rate of interest shall not be re-duced below ten per cent. This shows that the government does not intend that the bank shall ex-pand in the least; and there is much wisdom in the measure. It is the only way to avoid evils of this great magnitude, and to prevent the estab-lishment of an order of things that would put off to an indefinite period a general resumption of specie payments. The banks of this city have not expanded since their sus-pension, but on the contrary have steadily contracted, and will no doubt keep on in that course. They can-not do otherwise. Their own safety is in so doing, and self-preservation is a pretty good regulator. The result of this policy on the part of our banks and the Bank of England cannot easily be mistaken. Before the close of the winter we shall see a dulness and a depression in business affairs generally such as has not been known since 1841 and 1842. We cannot move our crops through the old channels, and it takes time to form new ones. Our crops of wheat and corn have been shut up in the granaries of the West, in conse-quence of the difficulty of finding safe channels through which to move them. The cotton crop of the South is kept back from the shipping ports by the distrust of planters and the loss of confidence in factors. The supplies of our staple exports which have already reached ports for shipment, are arrested at these ports by the difficulty of finding responsi-ble parties as consignees on the other side. This is the trouble, and it will be a long time before new parties will be able to take a position to command public confidence and credit, and restore the ope-rations of commerce to the usual channels. To ex-pect that we can arise at once from the present de-rangement and depression and put forth a new and better credit system than before ex-isted, with the banks under suspension and the community generally either publicly or privately bankrupt, is to expect impossibilities and look for that which cannot be realized. The process of recovery to be healthy must be gradual, and above all things to be free from a relapse. The Boston Post, of the 26th inst., says:- A meeting of th associated banks was held this morn-ing at the Clearing House, for the purpose of considering the propriety of paying specie to such of their customers as may have to pay Custom House and Post Office dues. Franklin Haven presided, and William Thomas acted as secretary. The subject was freely discussed, and finally postponed. A proposition to so far aiter the agreement entered into between the associated banks in relation to the receiving of bills for liquidation of their daily balances at the Clearing House as to reduce the amount to fifty per cent of their present sum, was also discussed, and referred to the Clearing House Committee, with instructions to call a meeting at an early day.