Fourth National Bank (Nashville, TN)

View Charter #1669 on SPMC View balance sheet

Episode Information

Episode UID
166901124
Episode Type
Run Only
Bank Type
national
Bank ID
16690 national
Charter Number
1669
Start Date
August 10, 1893
Location
Nashville, Tennessee (36.166, -86.784)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
3abd04d1d037108a

Response Measures

Accommodated withdrawals, Public signal of financial health, Partial suspension

Other: Directors signed a public guaranty pledging their personal estates to the payment of deposits; the bank also issued certified checks for amounts over the cash payment limit.

Events (3)
1. March 29, 1867 Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2. August 10, 1893 Run
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
Run triggered by the suspension of the First National Bank in Nashville, which caused depositors to withdraw from other local banks.
Measures
Paid checks presented until mid-morning; directors limited cash payments to $100 and paid balances over $100 in certified checks; refused demands over $100 for a period.
Newspaper Excerpt
A run is also in progress on the Fourth National ... It is considered perfectly solvent.
Source
newspapers
3. October 10, 1932 Voluntary Liquidation
Source
historical_nic

Newspaper Articles (14)
1. August 10, 1893 The Indianapolis Journal Indianapolis, IN
Article from The Indianapolis Journal, August 10, 1893

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

FAILURE AT NASHVILLE, The First National Bank Coses Its DoorsPayment of Deposits Guaranteed. NASHVILLE, Tenn., Aug. 9. - The First National Bank to-night posted a notice that it was closed. The bank has lost deposits steadily for some weeks, and this finally nearly exbausted the currency. The bank is solvent and will easily pay out when given time to realize on the paper and securities held by it. The capital stock is $2,000,000, and on publication of the last statement there were $1,005,000 deposite. After the enspension of the First National Bank the directors of the Fourth National Bank held a meeting, those present representing several millions of property. They signed a giaranty, pledging themsolves and their individual estates to the payment of all deposits. They further state that the bank is able to meet all of its obligations. Edgar Jonee. president of the Union Bank and Trust Company, and John M. Sperry, president of the Merehants' National Bank, say in interviews their banks will open as usual to-morrow. The directors of the City Savings Bank held a meeting to-night, and unanimously decided to suspend payment for sixty days. The suspension is cansed by the stringency of the money market. The bank IS considered solvent, and will pay depositors and stockholders in full. Deposits. $40.707.90; assets, $151,499.42. 90 per cent. of which is good. The directors of the bank have personally pledged themselves and their estates to the payment of all depositors in full.

2. August 10, 1893 Deseret Evening News Salt Lake City, UT
Article from Deseret Evening News, August 10, 1893

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

RESULT OF A RUN. Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 10.-The American National, one of the strong. est in the city, with a capital of $1,000,000, surplus $116,000, has suspended as a result of the run causod by the suspension of the First National last evening, 1. spite of the published card by the officers saying that the bank was perfectly solvent and pledging the personal estate to the depositors. A run is also in progress on the Fourth National, which has a capital of $1,000,000, and has a surplus of $200,000. It 18 considered perfectly solvent. The Safe Deposit Trust and Banking company has posted a notice that depositors are safe for every dollar.

3. August 10, 1893 Waterbury Evening Democrat Waterbury, CT
Article from Waterbury Evening Democrat, August 10, 1893

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

The Flurry In Nashville. NASHVILLE. Aug. 10.-After the suspension of the First National bank of this city the directors of the Fourth National bank held a meeting, those present representing several millions of property, and signed a guarantee pledging themselves, their individual estates, to the payment of all deposits. The directors of the City Savings bank held a meeting and unanimously decided to suspend payment for 60 days. The suspension is caused by the stringency of the money market. The bank is considered solvent.

4. August 11, 1893 The Morning News Savannah, GA
Article from The Morning News, August 11, 1893

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

RUN TO A CLOSE. Two Nashville Banks Succumb to the Pressure. Nashville, Tenn., Aug 0.-The suspension of the First National Bank last evening was followed to-day by the suspension of payment by the American National Bank, one of the largest and strong est in the city. The bank has a capital stock of $1.000,000 and a surplus of $1e6,000. When the bank opened for business at the usual hour there were MANY DEPOSITORS ABOUT ITS DOORS, and soon a run was made. The crowd was very orderly and were paid as rapidly as possible. Meanwhile a run began on the Fourth National Bank, which has a capital stock of $2,000,000, and a surplus fund of $200,000, and is regarded by business men as perfectly solvent. BOTH BANKS SOLVENT. The directors of both the American and Fourth National banks published cards this morning to the effect that their banks were perfectly solvent, and also pledging their personal estates to the payment of depositors. The run on the American National bank was stopped at 9:30 o'clock by the announcement of the board that they had decided to suspend payment. The Fourth National continued to pay depositors as fast as checks were presented, and at this hour (10 o'clock) is still doing so. Directors of the Safe Deposit, Trust and Banking Company met at an early hour and decided in view of the-excitement prevailing to TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE CLAUSE. of their charter requiring depositors to give sixty day's notice of withdrawal of deposits. The board posted a notice stating that the depositors are absolutely safe for every dol'ar they have in the bank. There was no run on this bank, and but few depositors presented checks for payment.

5. August 11, 1893 The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer Wheeling, WV
Article from The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer, August 11, 1893

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

A FLURRY AT NASHVILLE. A Run Closses a Solvent Bank-Another One Hard Pushed. NASHVILLE, Tenn., August 10.-The American national bank suspended payment to-day. The bank has a capital stock of one million dollars and a surplus fund of one hundred and sixteen thousand dollars. When the bank opened for business at the usual hour there were many depositors about its doors and soon a run was made. Meanwhile a run began on the Fourth National bank which has a capital stock of one million dollars and a surplus fund of $200,000. The directors of both the American and Fourth National banks published cards this morning to the effect that their banks were perfectly solvent and also pledging their personal estates to the payment of depositors. The run on the American National bank was stopped at 9:30 o'clock by the announcement of the board that they had decided to suspend payment. The Fourth National bank contin ued to pay depositors as fast as checks were presented and at this hour (10 o'clock) is still doing so. The directors of the Safe Deposit, Trust and Banking company met at an early hour and decided in view of the excitement prevailing to suspend temporarily.

6. August 11, 1893 The Salt Lake Herald Salt Lake City, UT
Article from The Salt Lake Herald, August 11, 1893

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

NASHVILLE BANKS. The American National Bank of That City Forced to Close, NASHVILLE, Tenn., Aug. 10-The American National bank has suspended. The Safe Deposit, Trust and Banking Company has taken advantage of the sixty day notice. The American National was one of the strongest in the city, capital $1,000,000; surplus $116,000. The suspension was the result of a run caused by the suspension of the First National last evening, in spite of the published card by the officers saying the bank was perfectly solvent and pledging their personal estate to depositors. A run is also in progress on the Fourth National. It has a capital of $1,000,000; surplus $200,000. It is considered perfectly solvent. The Safe Deposit Trust and Banking Company has posted a notice that depositors are safe for every dollar. The run on the Fourth National bank ceased at 5:30. Bank officials say the deposits of the day were almost equal to the withdrawals.

7. August 12, 1893 The Indianapolis Journal Indianapolis, IN
Article from The Indianapolis Journal, August 12, 1893

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

IT PREVENTED SUSPENSION. Fourth National Bank at Nashville Has an Original Scheme. NASHVILLE, Tenn., Aug. 11.-This morning when the Fourth National Bank opened a line of depositors was already formed in the street waiting. Some of these were heavy depositors. Payment was made until 11:30 o'clock. and while the num. ber of demands was diminishing, the drain was a severe one and was being felt. Checks for sums as large as 85,000 were being presented. At this juncture the directors held a meeting and decided to refuse all demands over $100. This rule was followed until the hour of 2 P. M. over were in currency closing paid $100 at Checks and the for remainder $100 in certified checks. This plan of paying a portion in checks and a portion in cash was the plan suggested by the First National Bank before it suspended, butall the banks would not agree to it. Had this course been followed three days of the banks would have There was no ago pended. none spacial excitement, susbut a general feeling of distrust pervades the community. Certified Checks for Small Change. BUFFALO, Aug. 11.-Controller of the Corrency Eckels. to whom'a dispatch was sent by Vice President W. B. Baird, of the Bufialo Furnace Company. asking if it war against the law to issue checks certified to by national banks to be used the same as currency in making up pay rolls, has sent the following reply: Section 5183 prohibits national banks from issuing post notes or any other notes to circulate as money except such as are used by the national bank act. Your proposition appears to suggest the drawing of checks containing certain conditions of payment by depositors on banks where they have deposits to their credit, such check the are drawn to to upon be used which by they depositors and other not by parties the bank to which depositors are indebted. As understood, the proposition appears to involve business contract between depositors and their creditors, and in my opinion such transaction would not constitute a violation of Section 5183, as the checks will be issued by the depositors. and not by the bank. As to certification of such checks by national banks when drawn against deposit to creditor for order. I can see no legal objection. See decision in Merchauts' National Bank vs. State National Bank. Wallace county, etc. The reply 18 received with the greatest satisfaction by the Buffalo bankersand the method of using certified checks in 85 and and currency sums is to $10 than amounts 3; expected furnish for immediate less relief. In an interview Mr. Baird said: "It will enable manufacturers to find currency the rolls in employment who sands to meet of men Day and will keep would thouotherwise be discharged. The scheme is to use certified checks of the above denomimade payable to bearer, A large of the biggest number nations manufacturers in the country have been interested in the decision which is given out by the Controiler.' Chicago Beach Hotel Assigns. CHICAGO, Aug. 11.-The - Chicago Beach Hotel, of which James H. Walker, the dry goods merchant who recently failed. was & prominent stockholder.went into the hands of a receiver to-day. The hotel was erected last year and, with its furmshings. cost $625,000. Warren F. Leland, who has managed the hotel, will be retained, with full authority to con. trol its affairs. The cause of the assign.

8. August 12, 1893 The Helena Independent Helena, MT
Article from The Helena Independent, August 12, 1893

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

Pass for Currency. BUFFALO, Aug. 11.-In response to a question by a local corporation Comptroller Eckels has given an opinion to the effect that the use of certified checks as currency is not contrary to the law. The scheme is to make certified cheeks for five and ten dollars. payable to bearer, to be used as payment of wages. Bankers and business men here believe it will bring a large measue of relief at once. Advices to the Associated press are to the effect that similar action is being arranged by employee and banks at Danbury and Hartford, Conn. NASHVILLE, Aug. 11.-The - run on the Fourth National bank continued 10-day. but the bank officers decided to pay checks only for $100. Any check for over that amount will be paid in certified checks. There was no excitement 10-day. but n general feeling of distrust pervades the community. WAXAHACHIE Tex., Aug. 1.-The Waxahachia National bank suspended; assets $206,000. liabilities $86,000; money strin. gency.

9. August 12, 1893 The Morning Call San Francisco, CA
Article from The Morning Call, August 12, 1893

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

to Wall Street Begins Take Heart. PLENTY OF GOLD COMING. All Is an Easier Feeling Around And There in the Financial World. Special to THE MORNING CALL. Wall street NEW YORK, Aug. rates 11.-0n of sterling 87 near exthe posted to $4 82 and $4 weaker to-day change dropped the market was were fully close. and actual rates highest the ever. The yesterday's The fact than cents below drop. gold four phenomenal on currency and for practically figures-it that the premium Arrangements accounts are has demoralization. gold from Paris. to$1,000,000 completed the having to import been engaged there precautions day. The Bank of Germany stock of took gold intact per cent. by to-day to keep its of discount Bank to 5 of Engraising the rate from the shipment to were offerings land The United withdrawals to-day States. £220,000, The delivery for this morning of spot It the for immediate but trades declined. morning were gold 1/2 per cent, that by Monday the stock count at 3 to 4. $5,000,000 is estimated will Money be added on call to was abundant here. first time loans at 6. in weeks there Mercau- cur- was For the time for some business in The demand money-brokers rile paper is so quiet. brisk, and business. The cash rency is a not falling off out in as the little actual easier. report are paying is somewhat quotaThere were no 3 asked. from as banks possible. Silver sales and the only Liverpool, arrived in tion The is steamship 73 this Normannia, morning. She brought been com£906,967 Long gold. Island Railway payment has of employes of The suspend the to get currency small pelled to of inability The meu refused of the checks. The has taken possession and $1,000,000. Electric susCompany. Equitable It has the capital methods of of is very the bitof Bank State with with pended especially as to its and its relations Peter ter, Treasurer Democratic Danforth machine. is a partner that it was the State one of the receivers, It is now believed Edward Meyer, Croker. efforts of Hill. Murphy. Croker in the bank. Stokes. Richard through an intimate and the other friend machine that of leaders, large a director money to-day that amount and of State learned himself with- $50.bank. It was of the amounting to the the directors deposit. did, namely, drew of his own way Danforth next morning also 000. in the the same -house, director the State through the failure. to withdraw directors might the advised after Danforth so the liability to money that of way. their personal they having given relieved money, deposit. State for the cover the Secretaries personal WASHINGTON bond Cariisie to Aug. and Bissell Deer 11. Park, left Wash- Maryafternoon for till Monday. conthis will he had a land. ington Greshaw, where Secretary they Carlisle remain Secretaries left Hamlin AssistBefore Assistant Morgan and the was ference with Treasurer in regard to deant and Curtis, Treasurer of Meline currency. means and it at the putting discided great dearth to exhaust treasury every to assist in currency vosal of in the circulation.irty-two and offered thousand to All the Six hundred of silver 731/2 were to 76 cents. to-day $0.7515 response to ounces treasury was declined and at 11.-In corporation. Lendered. CompBUFFALO, Aug. local opinion that questions by a has given checks AD as currency is troller certified scheme bearer. and not the use contrary certified of to checks to law. be used for The $5 in and payment men $10. here paymake business of measure able to Bankers Bankbring a large to the Associated action wages. it will Advices similar relief at to the effect employers and being Hartford. Vernon Press believe are arranged once. by that Conn. banks (Tex.) at Aug. has Cattle is CHICAGO, Danbury District and 11.-The Court Land appointed and of land special receiver for the owns Espula 60,000 It acres an English inCompany. head It of cattle the company Over is concern. solvent, Winvolved. and 35.000 It is claimed to mismanagement. Beach Chicago recently $1,000,000 is Aug. 11.- The H. Walker. failed, the Hotel, CHICAGO in merchantockholder. which James who went notel into dry-sonsominent sto to-day. The cause was bands a of a receive cost AS inability The of the its bonds. of $300,000. The run on and the furnishings is stated company admits the sell indebtedness Aug. Bank 11. continued to-day, checks amount Fourth bank check There was NASH National the officers Any decided over to that pay no of only but for $100. certified checks. but general feeling The excitemented is paid in to-day. the Tex., community. -Aug. 11. The suspended. liabilities $86,000. Waxannchie asse:s are $ 206,000 tringency Bank and is has the the cause. CAN Money KEEP LIQUOR.

10. August 12, 1893 The Times Richmond, VA
Article from The Times, August 12, 1893

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

Business Failures. NEW YORK, August 11.-The failure of Washington Barrows was announced at the Consolidated Exchange this morning. The failure is a small one. WASHINGTON, D. C., August 11.Comptroller Eckels was informed this morning of the suspension of the Waxahatchie National Bank, of Waxahatchie, Texas: capital, $100,000. NASHVILLE, TENN., August 11.-Matters are quiet in banking circles to-day. The run on the Fourth National Bank was resumed, but the line of depositors was small. The bank continued to pay all checks presented up to 11:30 o'clock, when it was decided to pay all checks up to $100 and give certified checks for the balances above this amount. NEW ORLEANS, August 11.-The Cotton Exchange, in consideration of the action of the banks here and elsewhere, have passed a resolution providing that all settlements under the rules of the exchange shall be made in certified checks. CHICAGO, August 11.-A special from Vernon, Tex., says: A district court has appointed a receiver for the Espula Land and Cattle Company. The company owns 60,000 acres of land and 35,000 head of cattle. The company is an English one, and the grounds of complaint were insolvency and mismanagement. The property involved amounts to over $1,000,000. MILWAUKEE, WIS., August 11.-The official statement of Receiver Geilfuss, of

11. August 12, 1893 The Sun New York, NY
Article from The Sun, August 12, 1893

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

VARIOUS BANKING TROUBLES. A Texas National Bank Suspends-The Situation In Other States. MILWAUKEE. Aug. 11.-The official statement of Receiver Geilfuss of the Commercial Bank was yesterday filed in court. The total assets on July 21. the date the bank suspended. were $1,480,220. against total liabilities of $1,183,999, an excess of assets of $296,221. John B. Koetting. the missing cashier of the South Side Bank. is in Mexico. according to Receiver Barth of the defunct bank. Mr. Barth does not believe Mr. Trumpff. the missing President of the bank. has left the country. WASHINGTON, Aug. 11.-Comptroller Eckels was informed this morning of the suspension of the Waxahachie National Bank of Waxahachie. Tex. Capital. $100.000. NASHVILLE. Aug. 11.-The run on the Fourth National Bank was resumed to-day. but the line of depositors was small. The bank continued to pay all checks presented up to 11:30 o'elock, when it was decided to pay all checks up to $100 and give certified checks for bal. ances above that amount. WACO. Tex., Aug. 11.-Charles L. McCay. who was President of the defunct Bell county National Bank of Temple. Tex.. was indicted on a charge of forgery by a Bell county Grand Jury. and simultaneously he was indicted by a United States Grand Jury sitting at Waco on a charge of violating the laws governing national banking. On Aug. 8 the Bell county case was dismissed. and he was surrendered to Deputy United States Marshal A. McCampbell on the Federal indictment. Yesterday he was brought here and placed in jail in default of $10,000 bail.

12. August 13, 1893 The Times Richmond, VA
Article from The Times, August 13, 1893

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

Concerted Action by Numerous Banking Institutions. NASHVILLE, TENN., August 12.-The People's Bank, at Lewisburg, failed to open its doors this morning. The suspension is due to the suspension of the First National and American National Banks, of Nashville, a constant drain by depositors and the failure to collect The president and cashier state bank is in are confident It will be to money. and that they the first-class condition, able a resume in a few days, or as soon as meeting of the stockholders and depositors can be held. There is no excite+ ment at Lewisburg on account of the suspension. BROOKLYN, N. Y., August 12.--The Commercial Bank, of Brooklyn, a State institution, failed to open its doors this morning. The following notice was posted on the door: This bank is compelled to close temporarily. (Signed) J.J. Vall, cashier. GADSDEN, ALA. August 12.-The First National Bank suspended payment this morning with a capital stock di- of $50,000 and deposits of $80,000. The rectors assure the depositors that they will be paid in full. LANCASTER, Pa., August 12.-The following notice was posted on the doors of the bank of E. K. Smith, at Columbia, this morning: "Closed for the present to liquidate." The bank is a small one. NASHVILLE, TENN., August 2.-The Fourth National Bank was rewhen that its doors, but by noon sumed opened run on this the morning, institution it than was practically over, as there were less dozen men standing at paying teller's desk. a The deposits by substantial busimen were quite as large as the ness amount drawn out by others. There is uneasiness now, and the crisis is evino dently over. The People's Bank and the Bank of Lebanon, two State institutions Lebanon, have adopted a rule to pay at only 5 per cent. of deposits, and give certitled checks for balances. NEW YORK, August 12.-The weekly statement of the associated banke shows the following changes: $2,327,575 Reserve, decrease 3,017,200 Loans, increase 2,306,000 Specie, decrease 408,000 Legal tenders, decrease 741,700 Deposits, decrease 733,100 Circulation, The banks increase. are now $16,545,375 below the requirements of the 25 per cent. rule. STAUNTON, VA., August -Special The following resolutions were adopted by the National Valley Bank to-day and the concurred in by the other banks of city, and is fully indorsed by our entire community: Whereas the banks of the principal of the country and this State, de- in cities order to protect themselves against a pletion of currency, have declined to furnish currency against balances due by them: and Whereas it is deemed advisable for the of this city, in their endeavor to not only their own of their depositors and the banks protect those adopt interests, similar whole but community, to of and thus to be of service to their to business banks means precaution, enable customers action the the public, being similar and and taken by the banks of this city State that in 1873, by which no depositor was inconvenienced; therefore, be it Resolved, That during the present checks mondepression this bank pay to etary against existing balances drawn amount not exceeding fifty ($50) of an dollars in currency, in the discretion the bank. but that ON good, of checks we certify the same as payable through the daily exchange and made be between the banks of this city, it further Resolved, That checks against deposits be by currency after this date of this made in currency at the counter between bank, paid or through the exchange banks at the option of the depositor. resolution will take effect from This this date. Our banks are solvent and and on conservative, and the action taken is to protect our community and business cities. on the same lines as in other There will be no trouble here. GREENVILLE, MISS., August 12. to-day The banks here at 10 A. M. three notices on their doors that checks no posted would be paid out on issued money that certified checks would be at instead. but At a meeting of cilzens held the Cotton Exchange this afternoon reso- aclutions were adopted approving the tion of the banks. MONTGOMERY, ALA., August 12.Josiah Morris & Co., the leading private an banking house of the State, made is due assignment late this evening. It continued withdrawal of deposits to during the the last sixty days and large drafts being made to-day. This act has ofcaused a meeting of the other bank to-night, and they resolved, clear- commencing ficers Monday morning, upon the not yet ing house system. what percentage They have they will announced This will be made known Monday pay. In their card in the Adverthe bankers of Morris & Co. tiser morning. assets to-morrow will state liabilities. easily that the largely more than the who This realize is the general belief of those are acquainted with the situation.

13. August 13, 1893 The Salt Lake Herald Salt Lake City, UT
Article from The Salt Lake Herald, August 13, 1893

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

THE FLURRY AT NASHVILLE. Runs on the Banks Continue-An Iron Firm Assigns. NASHVILLE, Aug. I2.-The financial flurry still continues. The Fourth National bank is paying off only with checks when the amount required is over $100. The financial stringency and general distrust is beginning to tell upon the corporations and firms employing operatives. The Southern Iron company, as anticipated, made a special assignment this afternoon. The property conveyed is valued at $324,000, to secure debts of $145,000. Two other small failures occurred here today.

14. July 12, 1899 The Providence News Providence, RI
Article from The Providence News, July 12, 1899

Click image to open full size in new tab

Article Text

foremost rank of the financial institutions of the South, and bears the enviable distinction of having larger surplus and profits than all other banks in Nashville combined. Its capital stock is $600,000, and surplus and profits, as shown by its last published statement, is $318,648.13, and the stock is in demand at $1.75. During the memorable panic of 1893 the Fourth National was the only national bank in Nashville that did not close its doors. Its record during these terrible days of August, 1893, has earned for it a reputation that has spread over the entire Southern country. The bank does an enormous commercial business and has a very extended line of correspondents. Great care is taken to handle all classes of business promptly and satisfactorily, and clients entrusting their interests to the care of the Fourth National Bank are certain to be served in a business-like manner. Its board of directors are composed of prominent business men representing varied interests, and the personnel of the directory is very high. The "Old Fourth," as it is affectionately termed, is a landmark in Nashville, and a synonym for strength, integrity and conservative business methods. Railroads as a Waterways. Nashville is happily situated as regards its transportation facilities. Its position on the Cumberland river gives it eight to ten months of navigation and two trunk lines of railroad contribute to furnish competitive rates to merchants and manufacturers. Six lines of railroads conect Nashville with the country tributary and the great cities of the country beyond. These six lines of railroad are controlled by the trunk lines mentioned. The Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis railroad runs its main line to Atlanta via Chattanooga; the Northwestern branch of the same system runs to Hickman, Ky., and to Memphis, Tenn., and Paducah, Ky., by intersecting lines. The Lebanon division of the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis reaches out to Lebanon, Tenn. The Louisville & Nashville gives the city direct connection with Louisville, St. Louis and the great northwest, as well as Florida and Louisiana. The main line of this railroad runs direct to Louisville, and the Decatur division to Decatur, Ala., and on to Birmingham, Montgomery and Flomaton, Ala., where the road divides and reaches into Florida on one line and Mobile and New Orleans on the other. The St. Louis & Southeastern division, which unites with the main line at a point nine and one-half miles from Nashvilla, and gives the outlet direct to St. Louis and the northwest. In the Cumberland river Nashville has 518 miles of navigable water. Boats of 400 tons burden can reach a point 325 miles above Nashville for at least eight months of the year. From Nashville to the junetion of the Cumberland river with the Obio is 193 miles. Through this stream connection is made with the Mississippi