16642. Trust Company of America (New York, NY)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run Only
Bank Type
trust company
Start Date
May 30, 1911
Location
New York, New York (40.714, -74.006)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
7693138a

Response Measures

Accommodated withdrawals, Borrowed from banks or large institutions, Public signal of financial health, Capital injected, Books examined

Description

Newspaper accounts describe a heavy run on the Trust Company of America in 1911 that was met by large cash payments and backing/loans from J.P. Morgan & Co. and other banks after an authorized examination; there is no clear statement that the bank suspended or was placed in receivership in these articles, so this is classified as run_only. The accounts also state that a published assurance (announcement that it would be aided) actually helped cause the run — categorized here as rumor_or_misinformation/communication-triggered panic.

Events (1)

1. May 30, 1911 Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Public announcements and press statements (reports that chief bankers decided the Trust Company would be aided) contributed materially to causing and aggravating the run.
Measures
Received guaranteed cash and large loans from J.P. Morgan & Co. and other banks; a committee (including Morgan representatives) was named to examine accounts; loans made on gilt-edged securities; pledged cash to meet demands.
Newspaper Excerpt
A run started and by 3 o'clock the Trust Company of America paid out $13,500,000.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (5)

Article from New-York Tribune, May 30, 1911

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STEEL TRUST MEETS CUT STREET NOT MUCH EXCITED Continued from first page. Tobacco Stock Sells Above 500 referred to the Trust Company of AmerBefore News Is Out. ica with the intention of deliberately or maliciously causing a run upon that institution. REST OF MARKET DULL Mr. Thorne, he said. might not have accepted his interpretation of Mr. Perkins's remarks. Mr. Stone said he had Suspense and Desire to Spend not read Mr. Thorne's statement as to To-day's Holiday in Open Air Mr. Perkins's actions. He said, however. that he considered Mr. Perkins's Reasons for Inactivity. original statement about the Trust ComEvery one had expected that the decision pany of America unwise. although he in the Standard Oil case would be adverse did not attribute to Mr. Perkins any mato that company, but there were many who licious intentions. held the belief that the Supreme Court Mr. Thorne was asked if he had ever would not order a dissolution of the Amertalked with Mr. Perkins about the stateican Tobacco Company their impression being based upon the fact that the Circuit ment. Court in its decision in November. 1908. "Oh. yes," he said, "several times. Mr. finding that there existed a restraint of Perkins and I are on friendly terms. and commerce did not touch upon the charge If he says that he cannot recall the exact of monopolization made by the government circumstances, why, what is one to do?" against the Tobacco Company, and also that that court found that there was "an Thorne Saw Mr. Morgan. absence of persuasive evidence that by "On the day the statement appeared," unfair competition or improper practices inhe continued. "I came to my office at dependent dealers have been dragooned 6:30 a. m., and the Perkins committee. into giving up their individual enterprises which was then investigating the condiand selling out to the principal defendant" tion of the company. did not arrive until (the American Tobacco Company) Moreover, it was recalled that the lower 7:30 o'clock. Meanwhile, the statement court had dismissed the government's pehad appeared in print. I went to see tition as to three of the defendant comMr. Morgan about it. of course. panies: that the decision of the court was "I had known him long and rather innot unanimous upon all points, as was that timately. and he said to me: of the Circuit Court in the Standard Oil knew your father and your grandcase. and that all of the judges had decidfather. and you know that I am telling ed that no receiver should be appointed for any of the companies. a procedure you the truth when I say that I knew which the Supreme Court now indicates as nothing whatever about that statement a possibility. "I am onfident that this was true and As on May 15. when the Standard Oil dethat he knew nothing of it. If he had, It cision came out, the decision yesterday was would never have been issued. Now the announced long after the close of the stock Perkins committee never finished its inmarket. it being well on toward 5 o'clock vestigation of our condition: that work when the tickers began to print the sumwas done later by a committee appointed mary of the points of the Supreme Court's conclusions on the case. The market had by various trust companies which came to our aid. Henry M. Francis, secretary been lifeless during the session up to 2 o'clock, the uncertainty regarding the Toof the Morton Trust Company: George bacoc case tending to restrain operations. H. Church. and Benjamin Strong. of the The fact that the conference of steel manuBankers' Prust. Mr. Morgan came to facturers called by Judge Gary to consider my aid with $10,000,000, and he indirectly the policy to be adopted in view of the Reinduced certain trust companies to help public Iron and Steel Company's price cutwith $15,000,000 more. When they did ting was still in session also operated. in a so, I was asked If could pay back the smaller measure, to curtail activity in loan in eighteen months. I answered stocks. that I could in ten. And though I was Delay Makes Market Dull. warned not to make any rash promises The announcement at 2 o'clock that the to pay it back. I paid in nine months." court would take an adjournment until 3 One of the men at the steel confero'clock ended whatever hope might have ence yesterday gave some figures showexisted that before the close the fate of the ing the value of the Tennessee Coal and Tobacco company would be known and enIron Company to the Steel Corporation. lightenment might be had as to what con"The Tennessee Coal and Iron Comstitutes a "reasonable trust." and the mar. ket dragged along as before, closing with pany has contributed very little toward net price changes which in only a few inthe earnings of the Steel Corporation," stances exceeded fractional proportions. he said. "Its net profits for the ten The American Tobacco has not. like the months ended October 31, last, were a Standard Oil Company, announced that it little more than $2,000,000, equal to has prepared no tentative plans for reabout 6 per cent on its common stock, organization in anticipation of an adverse for which the Steel Corporation paid ending of the government action against about $120 a share These earnings are it, but no intimation has come from any authoritative source as to the form which in face of the fact that there has been the reorganization now compelled to be spent for new construction for the Tenmade is likely to take Whatever plan shall nessee Coal and Iron Company since be.settled upon. the common stock holders 1907 close to $15,000,000." of that company are in a strong position, Judge Gary is to go to Washington on and the strength of the issue shows their Wednesday to testify before the Stanley confidence that all will be well with them committee. He said yesterday that the The common stock. which closed on Saturday on the curb at 484. opened yesterday at finance committee of the Steel Corpora490 and advanced to 510, closing at 505, a tion would meet this week on Wednesnet gain of 21 points. It sold as low as 450 day instead of Thursday, and that he on the day of the Standard Oil decision, would leave here for Washington on and a week later on May 23, had risen 70 Wednesday night. points to 520, a new high record. VI am prepared to give the facts and The stock was brought out at the end of all the truth." was all that he would 1904 at 250. and for a long time held at about that figure. gradually rising then to say about what he would tell the com513 in January, 1906. its high record prior mittee. to Tuesday of last week. It was then payThe meeting of the manufacturers was in 2216 per cent yearly dividends. against held at the Metropolitan Club and was 40 per cent now In 1907 in the panic preceded by a luncheon given by Judge period, the stock dipped to 1741/2, the diviGary The discussion began immedidend in that year being 25 per cent. In 1908. in which year it paid 321/2 per cent ately after the luncheon and lasted until dividends, it moved between 210 and 395. late in the afternoon. Judge Gary gave In 1909 the dividend was advanced to 35 per out the statement of the prices decided cent, and an additional 5 per cent was on at the Waldorf last night, The stategiven to the stockholders in the following ment follows: year. Representatives of the leading manuTheory of Advance in Price. acturers finished steel (not including the Republic) met at luncheon at the One surmise as to the reason for the Metropolitan Club to-day and existing conditions were fully discussed It was sharp advance in price after the Standard the unanimous opinion that co-operation. Oil decision was that the controlling inas heretofore fully explained should be terests in the tobacco company were precontinued Opinions were expressed that recent developments seemed to require paring for a possible order by the Supreme some changes in prices. Court for its dissolution, and had planned Cuts In Many Products. to exchange its shares for securities in subsidiary companies, which would be listSubsidiary companies of the United States Steel Company have decided to ed on the New York Stock Exchange and make adjustments to become effective. would find a readier market there If their June 1. 1911. and It is believed these will bringing out price should be based upon a be generally followed The commodities affected with new prices are as follows: high quotation for the stock of the old Steel bars (15 cents per 100 pounds off) company $1 25 base There is outstanding $78,689,100 6 per cent Plates and structurals (5 cents per 100 pounds off. $1.35 base. cumulative preferred stock of the AmeriBlack sheets (20 cents per 100 pounds off) can Tobacco Company, which is listed on 2 cents per pound for No. 28 gauge the Stock Exchange. It closed yesterday Galvanized sheets three cents a pound, No. 28 gauge. at 1011/2. This issue has preference as to Blue annealed sheets 10 cents per 100 assets in case of liquidation of the compounds off) $1 50 a pound for No. 10 pany to its full par value and accrued gauge Steel billets four inches square and dividends It has no voting power at an larger. $21 per gross ton. election of directors or at any meeting of Sheet bars, $22 per gross ton stockholders, except as expressly provided All prices. f. b. cars. Pittsburg. effective June 1911, for shipment prior to by statute. October 1. 1911. The 6 per cent bonds. of which $53,341,300 There was no cut in either wire or wire are outstanding. were issued in exchange products or steel rails. The bulk of the for old American Tobacco Company preferred stock and Continental Tobacco Comoutput of the wire mills has been conpany preferred. The $47,705,200 4 per cent tracted for for some time ahead. while bonds were, with the 6 per cent stock, exthe manufacturers have contended right changed for the old Consolidated Tobacco along that as a result of greater exac4 per cents, while the American robacco tions as to quality the cost of producing and Continental Tobacco common stock rails has advanced from $2 to $3 a ton. received in exchange common stock of which, they say, is equivalent to a rethe present American Tobacco Company duction in the price. Rails have reThe 6 per cent bonds closed yesterday at 1093 having advanced 13 points and the mained stationary at the present price Is closed unchanged at 85½ Neither of of $28 a ton since 1901. Structural steel these securities is a mortgage issue, and and shapes in large sizes are not made by the fact of the wide divergence in price the Republic company and the cut does between them makes it open to question not affect them. that the plan of reorganization following When John A. Topping, chairman of the dissolution directed by the highest the board of directors of the Republic court will involve their retirement. as each company, was told last night of the deof the issues is entitled to receive par in the event of dissolution. like the preferred ision of the onference to make a genstock. which is ruling close to that figure. eral cut in the prices of all the products


Article from The Topeka State Journal, August 12, 1911

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TO HEAR STONE At His Own Request the Manager of the A. P. Will Testify Before the Steel Trust Committee. HIS NAME DRAGGED IN By Oakleigh Thorne While Giving His Testimony. A Private Letter Is Read Into the Records. Washington, Aug. 12.-When the house committee inquiring into the steel trust affairs resumed its hearing today it was with the expectation that a recess would be taken late this afternoon until autumn. At the outset of today's session Chairman Stanley, of the committee, read a telegram from Melville E. Stone, general manager of the Associated Press, requesting a hearing. He will be heard when the committee resumes after the recess. Mr. Stone's telegram to Mr. Stanley read; "Albany, N. Y., Aug. 11. "Hon A. O. Stanley, Washington D. C. 'Have just learned that a personal letter of mine to Oakleigh Thorne was introduced in evidence today. It is only fair to say that this letter was written under what now proves to have been a misapprehension of the facts and its use before your committee without explanation is unjust. I therefore request a hearing at your hands. (Signed) "MELVILLE E. STONE.' The chairman," announced Mr. Stanley, "will be very glad to hear from Mr. Stone." "I received a telegram from Mr. Stone this morning," said Representative Littleton of New York, "I do not happen to have it with me but in it he requested that his telegram to Mr. Stanley be introduced in the record of the proceecings." All the members of the committee expressed the opinion that Mr. Stone should be given an opportunity to appear. R. C. Bolling, one of counsel for the U. S. Steel corporation, declared that "on behalf of Mr. Perkins I would suggest to the committee that Mr. Stone be subpoenaed.' Stone to Be Heard. Mr. Littleton moved that when the committee resumes after a recess Mr. Stone be heard. This was agreed to. Mr. Littleton had put in the record yesterday a statement given to the press by Mr. Thorne on November 6, in which he alluded to his "utter amazement" that the chief force of the panic had been directed against the Trust Company of America, "a run unprecedented in the history of American banking. Mr. Littleton asked the witness if he had conferred during that time with Melville E. Stone, general manager of the Associated Press. He said he had. "I had never known Mr. Stone until the time of that panic.' Mr. Thorne stated. "I met him then and went to see him practically every day. I insisted that the Trust Company of America was solvent and that the examiners who looked into the condition of the company should make a report. It was my idea if the report showed the company solvent we would be taken care of. 'Were you endeavoring to have knowledge of your condition widespread?' "My idea in talking to Mr. Stone was to urge the necessity of the examining committee making a report to Mr. Morgan. I knew if the truth of the situation got to Mr. Morgan we would get help. When later he did get the truth, we got the $15,000,000. Asked if he had received a communication from Mr. Stone regarding that matter, Mr. Thorne said he had


Article from New-York Tribune, October 27, 1911

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ward 75 cents on the dollar the stock, which Schley declined. Oakleigh Thorne, who was president of the Trust Company of America, a New York institution, was one of the syndicate that purchased the majority of the stock of the Tennessee company, having subscribed for 12,500 shares. "In a New York paper of October 23 appeared a statement headed 'Aid Trust Company of America.' Among other things it said that at a meeting the night before of the chief bankers of the city, headed by J. P. Morgan & Co.,¹ it was formally decided that the point then needing buttressing was the Trust Company of America, and that this determination was announced after Mr. Perkins (meaning George W. Perkins of J. P. Morgan & Co.) had been in conference subsequent to said gathering of bankers. A part of the article subheaded "The Official Statement' said: "The chief sore point is the Trust Company of America.' "Helped Cause Trust Company Run." "After expressing confidence in the condition of the company and stating that it would be aided and that cash had been guaranteed therefor it was stated that these steps were taken for the purpose of announcing that the company would be taken care of if an examination into its affairs, which had been authorized, showed conditions to be as sound as there was every reason to believe them to be. This announcement helped materially to cause a run on the said trust company, and aggravated the general uneasy condition, and made the position of Moore & Schley more desperate. It was generally known that Thorne and Schley were members of the Tennessee syndicate. "Regardless of the intent in giving out the statement-and the facts are not sufficiently known to make any charge in this regard-the fact is that it contributed directly and strongly toward bringing Moore & Schley to a point of imminent failure, although they were amply solvent. Their condition had become desperate. It being generally regarded by bankers and financiers that their failure might precipitate a general crisis, they, J. P. Morgan & Co., taking the lead, exerted themselves by advances of ready money to meet pressing demands and otherwise to prevent their suspension. Much of the effort, however, revolved about the proposition for the corporation to acquire the stock of the Tennessee company. Nothing less than the control of the Tennessee company was considered by the corporation, and negotiations progressed rapidly and steadily to that end, it being represented to Schley that in no other way could relief be brought to him. "There was fear upon the part of the corporation that, when the movement became publicly known. the government might take steps to prevent its consummation. In view of this, E. H. Gary, the chairman of the executive committee of the corporation. and H. C. Frick, a director, went to Washington, reaching there Sunday morning, November 4, to see the President, having previously made an appointment. Without fully disclosing all the facts in regard to the Tennessee stock, its ownership, the amount of money estimated as necessary to relieve Moore & Schlev and the arrangements that had already been made to relieve the Trust Company of America, they represented to the President that the only thing that would prevent a vicious spread of the panic was for the the stook


Article from Tulsa Daily World, October 27, 1911

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ARE SENSATIONS (Continued from Page One.) such as Tennessee stock, Republic Iron and Steel and other industrials, were destroyed on the "street" and among the bankers, and the question of their failure was mooted. Stock Was Discountenanced. "The Tennessee stock was especially subjected to criticism, and in Wall street parlance, was 'hammered,' very heavily as a collateral. H. C. Frick and E. H. Gary, representing the corporation, took up the negotiation with Schly for the purchase or the syndicate stock of the Tennessee company, offering him first the equivalent of sixty cents on the dollar, and a few days later seventy-five cents on the dollar, in cash, which Schly declined. Oakleigh Thorn, who was president of the Trust Compay of America, a New York institution, was one of the syndicate that purchased the majority of the stock of the Tennessee company, having subscribed for 12,500 shares. "In a New York paper of October 23, appeared a statement headed 'Aided Trust Company of America.' Perkins Found the Spot. "Among other things, it said that at a meeting the night before of the chief bankers of the city, headed by ?J. Pierpont Morgan & Company, it was formally decided that the point that then needing buttressing was the Trust Company of America, and that this determination was announced after Mr. Perkins (meaning George W. Perkins of J. P. Morgan & Company) had been in conference subsequent to the gathering of the bankers. A part of the article sub-headed, The official statement' said: "The chief sore point is the Trust Company of America.' "After exchanging confidence in the condition of the company, and stating that It would be aided, and that cash had been guaranteed therefor, it was stated that these steps were taken for the announcement that the company would be taken care of if an examination into its affairs, which had been authorized, showed conditions to be as sound as there was every reason to believe them to be. Making a Desperate Condition. "This announcement helped materially to cause a run on the said Trust company, and agravated the general uneasy condition and made the position of Moore & Schly more desperate. It was generally known that Horne and Schly were members of the Tennessee syndicate. "Regardless of the interest in giving out the statement-and the facts are not sufficiently well known to make any charge in this regard-the fact is that it contributed directly and strongly toward bringing Moore & Schly to a point of immediate fallure, although they were amply solvent. Their condition had become desperate. It being generally regarded by bankers and financiers that their failure might precipitate a general uneasiness, J. P. Morgan & Co., taking the lead, exerted themselves by advances of ready money to meet pressing demands and otherwise to prevent their suspension. Much of the efforts, however, revolved about the plan for the corporation to acquire the stock of the Tennessee company Nothing less than the control of the Tennessee company was considered by the corporation, and negotiations came rapidly and steadily to that end. It being reported to Schly that in no other way could relief be brought to him. They Lied to Roosevelt.


Article from Rock Island Argus, September 7, 1912

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# FINANCIAL SITUATION IN NEW YORK needed this morning. The conferees feel sure the company will be able to pull through. The company has $12,000,000 cash and as much more as needed has been pledged for this purpose. It is safe to assume that J. P. Morgan & Co. will be leaders in this movement to furnish funds. "A committee has been named, including a representative of Morgan & Co. and others, to look over the accounts of the Trust Company of America, with the idea of definitely determining its position. "The guarantees of cash made last night are for the purpose of meeting any demands upon the Trust Company of America, pending the completion of this examination." A run started and by 3 o'clock the Trust Company of America paid out $13,500,000. J. P. Morgan & Co. and the Morgan banks saw the Trust Company of America through, lending millions of dollars on gilt-edged securities, but all banks having stocks of the Tennessee Coal & Iron company, a concern known to be in splendid financial condition, as collateral for loans were notified to call them or substitute other securities. Moore and Schley were about to go to the wall; J. P. Morgan & Co. offered to save them if the entire syndicate holdings of Tennessee Coal & Iron stocks, of which syndicate Mr. Schley was a manager, were sold to the United States Steel corporation. The other partners in the syndicate consented because all offers of money were rejected. They were given the alternative of selling or causing chaos. Sunday night, November 3, Judge E. H. Gary, chairman of the executive board, and H. C. Frick, a member of the executive board of the United States Steel corporation, rushed to Washington on a special train. They had an appointment with President Roosevelt at 9 o'clock a. m., Nov. 4, but called at the White house at