16143. Marine Bank (New York, NY)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Suspension → Closure
Bank Type
state
Start Date
*
Location
New York, New York (40.714, -74.006)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
30a63339

Response Measures

None

Description

Articles discuss the failure/suspension of the Marine Bank and mention a receiver paying depositors (over 80%). The pieces attribute the collapse to large loans/frauds connected with Grant & Ward and directors' approval of hazardous loans. No explicit contemporary description of a depositor run is given in these excerpts, but suspension and receivership are clearly described.

Events (2)

1. * Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
the receiver has already paid the depositors of that bank over 80 per cent. and is prepared to pay more. That shows that the customers of that concern were not entirely ruined by me.
Source
newspapers
2. * Suspension
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Large loans and alleged frauds connected with Grant & Ward; directors repudiated hazardous risks and denied knowledge of large loans made before the failure.
Newspaper Excerpt
the frauds in the Marine Bauk unsettled public confidence; ... the failure of that concern
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (4)

Article from The Portland Daily Press, June 19, 1893

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The issue of clearing house certificates to relieve the financial situation in New York city, is a device that has been infrequently resorted to in times of disarrangement of the money market. The effect of these certificates is to unite the banks belonging to the clearing house association in a solid body which shall present a firm front. Thus the weakest bank is as strong as the united banks for the time being. The difficulty of a weak bank in time of trouble is the lack of ready money to meet the balances against it at the clearing house when at the end of each day's business the banks square up their debts to one another. To meet this difficulty clearing house certificates were invented. A committee of the clearing house association is appointed, who are empowered to receive from the several banks notes or other securities and issue therefrom certificates to the amount of 75 per cent. of the notes and securities so deposited. These certificates bear interest, and will be received at the clearing house in settlement of balances. So it happens that a weak bank which finds its cash low may take collateral to the committee and receive certificates which will serve in lieu of cash in such settlements. The advantages of 'this system are obvious. The solvency of the stronger banks is temporarily lent to the weaker, and the whole association stands together. It is on rare occasions, however, that this_device is resorted to. The first time in New York was in the height of the great panic of 1873; the second time was when Grant & Ward failed and the frauds in the Marine Bauk unsettled public confidence; the third case was when the Barings, a monument of financial strength for a century, in 1890 acknowledged themselves in difficulties; and the fourth case is now, when the demand for large sums of money by country banks to


Article from The Morning News, October 15, 1893

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who claimed to be and posed as his warmest friends was one of the many causes of our earliest embarrassment. When the public contrast the treatment of such men as Gen. Gordon and Gen. Porter of the Grant family with what he received at our hands they will not be slow in discovering that his only enemies were not those with whom he was openly associated. General Grant was induced to connect himself with concerns that basely betrayed him, and the firm of Grant & Ward was obliged to bear the brunt of the strain caused by these betrayals. General Grant told me that General Porter had induced him to take $200,000 of West Shore bonds on the assurance that no more than 10 per cent. would ever be called, when in reality the whole $200,000 was called, and Grant & Ward were obliged to find the money and also furnish $60,000 for debenture bonds, which made $260,000. where he supposed he would only have $20,000 to pay at the outside. General Grant was drawn into all sorts of schemes by supposed friends who wanted his name to float their enterprises on the promise of enormous dividends without risk or the expenditure of any considerable sums of money. These schemes almost invairably turned out disastrously and the firm was called upon to foot the bills. EXTREMELY RISKY TRANSACTIONS. Instead of being one to induce him to enter into extremely risky transactions I was really a restrainer, and in many cases persuaded him not to go into ventu es which he brought into our office and in which he had implicit faith, born of the assurance of friends who knew that even with his connection they were extremely doubtful and without it absolutely hopeless. One of the most coolly audacious things connected with the whole business was the alacrity with which the directors of the Marine Bank to a man repudiated the hazardous risks and denied all knowledge of the large loans made just before the failure of that concern, when in truth these loans were approved of and voted by a full board of directors, who knew all the ins and outs of the transactions in question. When the real danger came they retreated behind an absurd and un true claim of ignorance, which would in itself be criminal in any body of men in trusted with the care of large sums of money by depositors Prior to the pardoning of Mr. Fish he made the statement that he would have to come out of prison and go to work. This was the main argument when his friends sought executive clemency for the financier His poverty was at that time absolutely appalling, but we have no well authenticated account of his having en gaged in either physical or mental labor since returning to the city. By referring to the foregoing schedule it will be seen that there is small probability of his ever applying to any of the street railway companies for employment. LACK OF REPORTS. A Why is it we hear nothing concerning the affairs of Grant & Ward now? Possibly my seclusion prevented my reading the reports of the receiver, and possibly the failureof the receiver to publish any prevented any or many other interested parties from reading them. There should have at least been a show of some dividends from the securities of the concern, as in one case alone one of these securities brought the handsome sum of $1,000,000. I refer to the old Booth's theater property, at the corner of Sixth avenue and Twenty-third street, which, I am informed, sold for the above price. Possibly these questions are leading, but they are of interest to the clients of Grant & Ward, as well as myself. While on the subject of the receiver it may be well to recall the appointment of a man who was interested in all of Grant & Ward's schemes to act as receiver, as additional protection to the Grant family, but it may possibly escape the notice of the public that it has been in the power of the same receiver to thus far completely cover up the transactions of the firm with Gen. Horace Porter, Gen. Gordon, Work, Warner and others, whose interests and connections with the firm will make interesting reading when published. NOT THE ONLY SUFFERER. Had I been the only sufferer by and through the failure of Grant & Ward and the Marine Bank I would have been undoubtedly open to the charge of seeking both sympathy and redress long after all interest in the affairs of these two concerns had ceased to be of moment to all but those most intimately connected with them, but as several members of the Ward family have been accused of aiding me in the concealment of the millions have beencharged with making and saving it is but justice to the people thus accused to show how impossible it was for me to be the possessor of the sums I was supposed to have placed to my own credit during the time the two establishments in question were in existence. can only clear those unjustly accused by showing where the $5,000,000 deficit of the defunct firm really went and how the disbursement was made. While it is possible for those most deep ly involved in any questionable transac tion to cry, "Stop thief!' and point to the one member of a company which the public selects as the most guilty party as "the hardened criminal and be loudest in the demand for his punishment it ill becomes people SO deep in a transaction as to be completely submerged in the whirlpool made by the sinking ship to use the first breath gained after coming to the surface in loud cries for the arrest and punishment of one of their fellows with whom they were associated in every detail of the business that was to make them all rich men. THE CRIME WAS IN FAILURE. Had the firm of Grant & Ward been successful- it would have been but for an entirely unforeseen and unlooked for circumstance, and a circumstance that no management could avert-those interested in the house would have been proud to claim every dollar made by the transactions in which we were engaged, and not one of them would have been able to see anything wrong in the methods of the arch fiend who led them all by the nose. The crime then consisted in my failure and not in my methods, as all innocent men connected with the firm were after the profits made by the transactions, in which they could see nothing wrong until they failed then they all suddenly discovered enormity of the entire thing


Article from The Morning News, October 15, 1893

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# DID NOT RUIN GRANT. Now, among the many charges against me was that I had ruined the Grant family when in fact when General U. S. Grant went into the firm he did so with $50,000 borrowed from Commodore Garrison for that purpose. This amount, together with all the other sums he obtained from various sources, would not offset the first item of the foregoing schedule. That General Grant supposed he was speculating in government contracts I most emphatically assert. I can, if necessary will, produce and publish correspondence over autographs that will give undisputed proof of my correctness. Another charge is that my schemes ruined the Marine Bank and caused great suffering among the depositors of that institution, when in fact the receiver has already paid the depositors of that bank over 80 per cent. and is prepared to pay more. That shows that the customers of that concern were not entirely ruined by me. # THE CAUSE OF THE FAILURE. The prime cause of the failure of Grant & Ward was the illness of Nelson J. Tappan, the controller of the city of New York who was interested in the success of some of our speculations. I offered him $5,000 for the use of $100,000 for a certain period, and not having the money he arranged to deposit city funds in the Marine Bank so I could borrow from this institution. This was done, and a few days before the failure of Graut & Ward the Marine Bank had $1,500,000 of the city money. When illness caused the appointment of Mr. Gilly in Mr. Tappan's place, he (Mr. Gilly) began to draw on the bank, which was not according to my agreement with Mr. Tappan. I saw Mr. Tappon at his house, and apprised him of this fact (which he, by the way, already knew) that these unexpected drafts meant the ruin of the bank and the firm of Grant & Ward, but he was powerless to avert the disaster, which, had he been in good health, would never have occurred, as he had provided other means to supply the funds needed by the city until we could get in our time loans, then considered as good as gold itself. I visited several of the directors and did everything possible to avert the crash, but without avail. The second draft,


Article from The Sun, November 28, 1893

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BANKERS REMEMBER SCRIBA. SEVENIEEN BANKS LENT HIM MONEY WHEN HE WAS BANK EXAMINER. The Faithful Mary Garrigan, Housemald, Saved Him Cream for His Ontmeal, and so by will He Left Her All BEIN Possesalons-Was Wanted Here na a Witness. Augustus M. Scriba. who killed himself in San Francisco on Saturday night. became a clerk in the old Metropolitan National Bank in 1852. At first he was put to work in the uncurrent money department. and he was promoted to be chief of that bureau. He left the bank in 1862 to become Assistant Bank Examiner under Henry Meigs. the first Bank Examiner appointed under the National Banking act. Mr. Meigs was more or less of an invalid. and most of the work of the Examiner's Department devolved on Seriba. When Mr. Meigs died in 1882 John Jay Knox. Comptroller of the Currency at the time. promoted Mr. Seriba to be the Bank Examiner. On the advent of William L. Trenholm. appointed Comptroller in 1880 by President Cleveland. Mr. Scriba's resignation was demanded. There were many complaints. one being that he examined the Metropolitan National and the Marine Bank within a month before their suspension and pronounced them all right. Mr. Seriba then went into the brick business at his old home at Montrose-on-the-Hudson, but he did not stick at that. Some of Mr. Seriba's friends in Wall street say that he was always a veritable Col. Sellers. and did not hesitate to borrow money right and left for all sortsof visionary schemes. For Instance. on Mr. Scriba's retirement as Bank xaminer. seventeen banks were compelled to charge up to profit and loss Seriba's notes. which were the only collateral for money borrowed on the funniest kind of schemes. One of these schemes was to have been a Depositors' Guarantee Company of America. which was to guarantee depositors against loss on their deposits banks all over the country. The scheme adcame to an untimely end. and most of the van 08 made to Seriba on account of stock went to pay for the preliminary rganization. have Another scheme of Mr. Scriba's was to been the nited Envel Company of Amerto manufacturea new fangled envelope. After these schemes had failed, he became he cashier in the Shoe and Leather Bank. but remained in that institution only a short time. his He WAS then lost sight of until news of death n San Francisco reached New York. in Mr. Seriba early days he was an athlete. Wilsparrer. a wrestler. and an oarsman. liam Sherer. manager of the Clearing House. the was a fellow clerk with Mr. Scriba in Metro Titan Bank in 1852. said yesterday remember Mr Scriba rowing a race in a nineteen-1 boat from the Battery to NorPoint Mr. Seriba used to go to OttingS Gymnastum. Broadway. near Bleecker Mr. street. The race was rowed in 1858. and who Seriba's 01 ponent was William B. Grower. ecame lonel of the Seventeenth afterware New York. and was killed at Jonesboro. was starter. and recall sending them off by firing pistol. The race was for a $2.50 gold Mr. Seriba piece. and there was no outside betting. wasfelected. in 1854. President of the Mercantile Library. which was then in Clinton Hall. at and Beekman streets Mr. Scriba. among his many other schemes. organized the Jackson Navigation Company. which was to fly all sorts of boats. and also Universal Trust Company. which was something the of the pattern of the Depositors' Guarantee Company. Nov. is thought here that Seriba PREKSKILL. killed himself in a fit of despondency he over the collapse of a guarantee company had in hand and of a scheme of irrigation in southern The Rev. California. Couverneur Cruger of Montrose said attribute to-night: Mr. Scriba's death to mortification. He went West to make a fortune and failed. and 60 he could not bear toreturn home and He admit was his always defeat. a visionary man. I do not think his mind Was strong toward the end. Seriba wife and his son. George. a New York live in Peekskill. .wyer. The reporter called on Mrs. Mary A. Garriwho for seven years worked as a servant gan. Scriba's household and to whom Scriba left everything by his will. Her brother. Patrick Burris, brought out a box of letters Mr. Seriba had kept up 16 continual correspondence with this woman. The first doeument displayed was in Seriba's handwriting. were all the other epistles. It was. as were the others. written on the blanks of the National Guarantee and Trust Company. It read thus: SEATTLE Wash. AUG 3. 1893 In the event of my death wish this bag and Point. con ents sent to Mrs. Mary N A. Garrigan. because she erplan was my k faith fulfriend Westches when county. all others had deserted AUGUSTUS me. M. God SCRISA bless 8 am about to start into the wilderness to try fin h me for her and hers. The first intimation that the Garrigans had of his death came this morning. when Mrs. Garrigan received the following despatch from San Francisco. A. M. Scriba suicided Friday. J. Wills A. HUGHES, all to you. Coroner. Other letters were shown in which Seriba called Mrs. Garrigan Daisy, "true heart. Mary Anne. He spoke of his connecand with the National Guarantee and Trust tion in which he held $30,000 of Company, He was also interested in an Irrigation stock. company to irrigate parts of California He expected to reap a rich harvest, and promised to make Mrs. Garrigan a good home and her children rich. Later he wrote that the schemes were not developing as he expected. He would not his True Heart come to California have unless she e uld come first class. Patsy might come out, however. second class and get & job He spoke of Willie, Mrs. Garrigan youngest son. as his boy. and nicknamed Rate. the daughter. aged Its. Charlie of his letters were marked Confidential." Several and he asked that they be destroyed soon one as letter read. he sent a World's Fair souvenir In In and wished It were a thousand. dollar every letter were a number of Maltese crosses which had some reference to vows beween them. Old Mr. Burris, Mrs. Garrigan's