15806. F. Acritelli & Son (New York, NY)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run → Suspension → Unsure
Bank Type
private
Start Date
March 24, 1908
Location
New York, New York (40.714, -74.006)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
2c1740f0

Response Measures

Full suspension

Description

Multiple contemporary articles (dated March 24–25, 1908) report that a run started on the neighboring Pati bank and in the excitement a run was started on the bank of F. Acritelli & Son ... and caused it to shut its doors. The pieces describe Acritelli & Son as a small private institution that closed its doors during the disturbance; none of the articles describe a reopening or receivership, so the final status is unclear. Date taken from articles referencing March 24/25, 1908.

Events (2)
1. March 24, 1908 Run
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
A run on the nearby Pasquale Pati bank (engineered by Black Hand threats) spilled over and depositors attacked Acritelli & Son across the street.
Measures
Closed doors (shut its doors) during the disturbance; police were sent to the district.
Newspaper Excerpt
in the excitement a run was started on the bank of F. Acritelli & Son, across the street from the suspended institution
Source
newspapers
2. March 24, 1908 Suspension
Cause
Local Banks
Cause Details
Suspension/closure was the immediate result of the run sparked by the panic at the neighboring Pati bank following Black Hand threats against Pati.
Newspaper Excerpt
a run was started on the bank of F. Acritelli & Son ... and caused it to shut its doors.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (11)
1. March 25, 1908 Daily Kennebec Journal Augusta, ME
Article from Daily Kennebec Journal, March 25, 1908

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BLACK HAND Responsible For Closing Of an Italian Bank. New York Banker Incurs Enmity and Run Is Started. Posts Remarkable Notice, Promising to Resume Soon. New York, March 24.-A malevolent plot worked out by members of the Black Hand in defiance of the authorities pressing hard upon their trail the police declare, ended dramatically today in a run of depositors on and the suspension of the Bank of Pasquale Pati, an Italian banker on Elizabeth street and his flight from the city in fear of death by the Black Hand because he recently shot and killed Fran'cisco Pelletro, one of their alleged members who had demanded money under the pain of killing the banker and family. Three thousand depositors clamored loudly at the Pati Bank today for their savings and in the excitement a run was started on the bank of F. Acritelli & Son across the street from the suspended institution and caused it to shut its doors. The two banks were small private institutions. The run on the Pati bank the police charge, was engineered by the Black Hand as a revenge on Pati, who was yesterday acquitted by the coroner of having killed Pelletro. When the run was at its height police reserves were rushed to the district to quell the fast rising disorder. Plastered on the window of Pati's bank the most remarkable notice of a suspension probably ever posted was read by hundreds today, after the bank closed its doors. It read: "I will suspend payment for two weeks. I am compelled to leave town, as I have received threatening letters and people have agreed to take my life. There are no fears of your losing your deposits. Besides cash I own 65 houses in New York and have them insured for $100.000 and can pay everybody. I will resume in two weeks. (Signed) "Pasquale Pati and Son, Salvatore." The closing of Pati's bank and his sud-

2. March 25, 1908 Evening Star Washington, DC
Article from Evening Star, March 25, 1908

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BLACK HAND CLOSES A BANK. New York's Richest Italian Forced to Flee. NEW YORK. March 25.-A målevolent plot, relentlessly worked out by members of the Black Hand, declare the police, in defiance of the authorities pressing hard upon their trail, ended dramatically yesterday in a run of depositors and the suspension of the bank of Pasquale Pati, an Italian banker on Elizabeth street. and his flight from the city in fear of death threatened by the Black Hand because he recently shot and killed Francesco Pelletro, one of their alleged members, who had demanded money under the pain of killing the banker and family. Fully 3,000 depositors clamored loudly at the Pati bank for their savings, and in the excitement a run was started on the bank of F. Acritelli & Son, across the street from the suspended institution, and caused it to shut its doors. The two banks were small private institutions. The run on the Pati bank, the police charge, was engineered by the Black Hand as a revenge on Pati, who was Monday acquitted by the coroner of having killed Pelletro. When the run was at its height police reserves were rushed to the district to quell the fast-rising disorder. Plastered on the window of Pati's bank the most remarkable notice of a suspension probably ever posted was read by hundreds after the bank had closed its doors. It read: "I will suspend payment for two weeks. I am compelled to leave town, as I have received threatening letters and people have attempted to take my life. There are no fears of your losing your deposits. Besides cash, I own sixty-five houses in New York and have them insured for $100,000. and can pay everybody. I will resume in two weeks. "PASQUALE PATI AND SON, SALVATORE."

3. March 25, 1908 Deseret Evening News Salt Lake City, UT
Article from Deseret Evening News, March 25, 1908

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Black Hand, Following Bomb Outrage. Starts Run On Italian Bank. INSTITUTION IS SOLVENT. Notice Posted on Window Makes Pecullar Announcement Respecting Causes for the Closing. New York, March 24-A malevolent plot. relentlessly worked out by members of the Black Hand, declare the police, in deflance of the authorities pressing hard upon their track, ended dramatically today in a run of depositors and the suspension of the bank of Pasquale Pati, an Italian banker on Elizabeth street, and his flight from the city in fear of death, threatened by the Black Hand because he recently shot and killed Francesco Pelletro. one of their alleged members, who had demanded money under the pain of killing the banker and his family. STARTED BY BLACK HAND. Three thousand depositors clamored loudly at the Pati bank today for their savings and, in the excitement a run was started on the bank of F. Acritel11 & Son. across the street from the suspended institution. and caused It to shut its doors. The two banks were small private institutions. The run on the Pati bank. the police charge, was engineered by the Black Hand as a. revenge on Pati, who was yesterday acquitted by the coroner's jury of having killed Pelletro. When the run was at its height police reserves were rushed to the district to quell the fast rising disorder. BANK IS SOIVENT. Plastered on the window of Pati's bank the most remarkable notice of a suspension probably ever posted was read by hundreds after the bank closed its doors. It read: "I will suspend payment for two weeks. I am compelled to leave town, as I have received threatening letters and people have attempted to take my life. There are no fears of your losing your deposits, Beside cash, I own 65 houses in New York, and have them insured for $100,000. and can pay everybody. I will resume in two weeks. (Signed) NOTEAT DATE a SOME

4. March 25, 1908 The Morning Journal-Courier New Haven, CT
Article from The Morning Journal-Courier, March 25, 1908

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Run of 3,000 Italian Depositors Precipitated to Avenge Killing of Band Member. BANKER FLEES FOR LIFE Latest Attack the Culmination of a Series of Extortion and Blackmailing Schemes Against Banker. New York, March 24.-A malevolent plot relentlessly worked out by members of the Black Hand, in defiance of the authorities pressing hard upon their trail ,the police declare, ended dramatically to-day in a,run of deposItors on and the suspension of the bank of Pasquale Pati, an Italian banker on Elizabeth street and his flight from the city in fear of death by the Black Hand because he recently shot and killed Francesco Pelletro one of their alleged members, who had demanded money under the pain of killing the banker and family. Three thousand depositors clamored loudly at the Pati bank to-day for their savings, and in the excitement a run was started on the bank of F. Acritelli & Son, across the street from the suspended institution, and caused It to shut its doore. The two banks were small private institutions. The run on the Piti bank, the police charge was engineered by the Black Hand as a coroner acquitted revenge by on the Pati who was of yesterday having killed Pelletro. When the run was at its height, police reserves were rushed to the district to quell the fast rising disorder. Plastered on the window of Pati's bank the most remarkable notice of a suspension probably ever posted was read by hundreds to-day after the bank closed its doors It read: I "I will suspend for two weeks. I am compelled to leave town. as have received threatening letters and people have attempted to take my life. There are no fears of your losing your deposits. Besides cash I own 65 houses in New York and have them Insured for $100.000 and can pay everybody. I will resume in two weeks. (Signed) "PASQUALE PATI & SON. "SALVATORE." The closing of Pati's bank and his sudden departure from the city is the sequel to a schéme so say the police, of extortion and blackmail of the black hand that had its inception several years ago. Fati was said to be the richest banker in the densely populated Italian quarter on the east side, where the banker believed he had no enemies. Letters came demanding money. How much money Pati parted with to stay the threats the police have been unable to learn. It was Pati's custom to keep large piles of American and Italian money in the front window of the bank to reassure depositors and six weeks ago one blustery day a dynamite bomb exploded near the tempting window. The window was shattered and thousands of dollars in paper was scattered about the street. Pati succeeded in recovering all of it. Three weeks ago Francesco Pelletro entered Pati's bank with drawn revolver and demanded money. after threatening to kill the banker, his wife and their son Salvatore, who were in the bank. Pati and his son drew revolvers and in the fusilade bullets Pelletro fell dying. of Black and not The cease flood yesterday Hand three threatened letters strange did men entered the bank and not.only to kill Pati and his family but to burn and destroy his business. The men darted out of the bank before Pati could summon the police. Late last night a servant at the Pati home in Brooklyn discovered several men prowling around the house and a of oil rags placed the quantity against building soaked in several places. A small run on the Pati bank start ed yesterday. when rumors began to circulate about Pati. There were 203 depositors in line when the bank opened to-day and within half an hour the line of depositors grew to 3.000. Pati's relatives quickly decided upon suspension, and the doors were closed and the notice of suspension posted. The whereabouts of Pati is not known.

5. March 25, 1908 The Bennington Evening Banner Bennington, VT
Article from The Bennington Evening Banner, March 25, 1908

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BLACK HAND PLOT MADE THE BANK SHUT UP Another Kind of Trouble in the Italian Colony I BANKER WAS THREATENED He Had Shot One of the Black Hand Leaders Who Had Demanded Money. New York, March 24.-A malevolent plot relentlessly worked out by members of the Black Hand, declare the police, in deflance of the authorities pressing hard upon their trail ended dramatically today in a run of depositors and the suspension of the bank of Pasquale Pati, an Italian bank er on Elizabeth street and his flight from the Black Hand because he recently shot and killed Francesco Pellotro, one of their alleged members who had demanded money under the pain of killing the banker and family. Three thousand depositors clamored loudly at the Pati bank today for their savings and in the excitement a rua was started on the bank of F. Acritelli & Son across the street from the suspended institution, and caused it to shut its doors. The two banks were small private institutions. The run on the Pati bank the police charge was engineered by the Black Hand as a revenge on Pati who was yesterday acquitted by the coroner of having killed Pelletro. When the run was at its height, police reserves were rushed to the district to quell the fast rising disorder.

6. March 25, 1908 New-York Tribune New York, NY
Article from New-York Tribune, March 25, 1908

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PATI CLOSES HIS BANK. FEARS THE BLACK HAND. Disappears with His Son-Another Italian Institution Suspends. Hounded by agents of the Black Hand societies and threatened with death several times, Pasquale Pati, an Italian banker, at No. 240 Elizabeth street, closed the doors of his bank in the face of an angry crowd of depositors yesterday, and with his son left the city. The police have been unable to find either of the Patis. It is said that they have gone out of the state. Three weeks ago Pati and his son-in-law, Luigi Cartiere, shot down Francesco Pallatro, who entered the bank flourishing a revolver and demanding money. Pallatro died from his wounds in St. Vincent's Hospital, and the coroner yesterday acquitted Pati of blame. About six weeks ago a bomb was exploded in front of Pati's bank and gold was scattered from the shattered show window. Since these attacks on the place the Italian depositors have withdrawn nearly $400,000, and yesterday a run was begun. None of the clerks in Pati's employ reported for work yesterday morning, and the process of paying off the long line of depositors was slow. By noon five hundred depositors had formed in line and the banker decided to ask for police protection. Twenty men from the Mulberry street station and several men of the Italian squad were sent to the bank. Then Pati posted a notice of the bank's suspension reading: I am compelled to suspend payment for two weeks, because of attempts upon my life and a constant stream of threatening letters. There is no fear of your losing your deposits. Besides cash. 1 own sixty-five houses in New York and I am insured for $100,000. The notice did not have the desired effect, and all during the afternoon an angry crowd of depositors, kept moving by the police, walked up and down the street or gathered on the corners discussing the suspension. Soon after the announcement of the suspension of the Pati bank the banking house of F. Acritelli & Son. at No. 239 Elizabeth street, opposite, was forced to close. The excited Italians began a run on the bank before noon. Giuseppe Speranzo, the head bookkeeper for Pati & Son. said that since the shooting of Pallatro the members of the Pati family have recelved as many as forty Black Hand letters a day. The elder Pati was told in some of the letters that he would be cut up like the victim of the "barrel murder" in this city several years ago. Luigi Cartiers, Pati's son-in-law, said vesterday that there was sufficient money on hand to pay all the depositors, but that the head of the firm and his son were compelled to leave because of the number of threats and attempts to kill them. Pati's home is at No. 146 Ocean Parkway, Brooklyn. Recently attempts were made to set fire to the place. Ex-Judge John Pahmieri, who was counsel for Pati in the Pallatro case, said yesterday that he knew nothing of the banker's whereabouts Mr. Palmieri said that he was convinced of the stability of Pati's bank. It was said by a relative of Pati that the banker and his son had gone to the country to rest and recover from the excitement of the last few months. Pasquale Pati transferred title yesterday to two tenement houses, at Nos 98 and 100 Thompson street, to ex-Judge Palmieri, for $17,500. The property carries a mortgage of $73,000. Pati came to the United States seventeen years ago and opened a shoe repairing shop in East 11th street. Later he opened a grocery store, and from the profits of his business entered the real estate business. From that he went to banking, the house of Pati & Son being the largest Italian banking establishment in New York. Three policement were stationed in front of the Pati bank last night to keep the crowd of about two hundred Italians moving. The police expect there will be many on hand this morning. and arrangements have been made to have fifty policement in the street.

7. March 25, 1908 New-York Tribune New York, NY
Article from New-York Tribune, March 25, 1908

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THE NEWS THIS MORNING. CONGRESS - Senate: The currency bill had the right of way, and the creation of a commission to consider permanent currency reHouse: The agriform was suggested. cultural appropriation bill was the order, and John Sharp Williams threatened a filibuster to compel action upon certain measures. FOREIGN.-The Duke of Devonshire died suddenly from heart disease at Cannes. Ralph Conover Many, a Rhodes scholar from Louisiana, entered at Queen's College, Oxford, was washed off the rocks and drowned at Port The Unionists won a Isaac, Cornwall. great victory in the election for the London district of Peckham, the fight being made chiefly on the licensing bill. The French Senate passed the bill approved by the lower house widening the grounds for divorce. Hayti is showing a conciliatory attitude toward insurgents and conspirators, apparently with the intention of inducing the foreign warships to withdraw as soon as possible. DOMESTIC.-It was announced at Washington that the battleship fleet would visit China It and would return home next February. was said by army authorities in Washington that there was little chance of Oberlin M. CarThe anti-racetrack ter's reinstatement. gambling bills, it was said at Albany, were in grave danger in the Senate. and the Governor is preparing to renew his fight for their passage. The Senate at Albany passed the bill proViding for the equal pay of men and women Govschool teachers in New York City. ernor Proctor of Vermont appointed ex-Governor John W. Stewart to succeed the former's Stuyvefather as United States Senator. sant Fish discussed the question of railroad regulation and railroad rates at the fifth annual It dinner of the Economic Club of Boston. was reported in Cincinnati that an end to "night riding" in the Kentucky white burley district had been brought about by the agreement of the American Tobacco Company with the Society of Equity to buy the 1906 and 1907 crops, no crop to be raised this year. CITY.-There were general gains in stocks. Pasquale Pati closed his bank. following Black Hand threats, and with his son disappeared, the banking house of F. Acritelli & Son. on the opposite of Elizabeth street, also closing A witness contradicted Borough later. President Haffen's testimony that he held no The Better Times Association real estate. began a big political postal card campaign. It was said that Caleb W. Cameron would be suspended for forty days for having approved as new second hand pianos bought by the Board of Education. The annual report of the New York Central Railroad showed an increase in gross and a decrease in net earnings. The Board of Aldermen approved $600.000 for the new Washington Irving High School. Alexander S. Webb, jr., was elected president of the Lincoln Trust Company to succeed Frank Tilford. The sale by the government of the Russian art. collection at the St. Louis fair was announced. THE WEATHER-Fain and slightly colder to-day, northeast winds. The temperature yesterday: Highest, 58 degrees; lowest, 46.

8. March 25, 1908 The Salt Lake Herald Salt Lake City, UT
Article from The Salt Lake Herald, March 25, 1908

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BANK CLOSED BY THE BLACK HAND Remarkable Occurrence in the Metropolis of the Country. BANKER FORCED TO LEAVE SEQUEL TO THE KILLING OF FRANCESCO PELLETRO. New York, March 24.-A malevolent plot, relentlessly worked out by members of the Black, Hand, declare the police, in defiance of the authorities pressing hard upon their track, ended dramatically today in a run of depositors and the suspension of the bank of Pasquale Pati, an Italian banker on Elizabeth street, and his flight from the city in fear of death, threatened by the Black Hand because he recently shot and killed Francesco Pelletro, one of their alleged members. who had demanded money under the pain of killing the banker and his family. Police Rushed to the District. Three thousand depositors clamored loudly at the Pati bank today for their savings and, in the ex itement a run was started on the bank of F. Acritelli & Son, across the street from the suspended institution, and caused it to shut its doors. The two banks were small private institutions. The run en the Pati bank, the police charge, was engineered by the Black Hand as a revenge on Pati, who was yesterday acquitted by the coroner's jury of having killed Pelletro. When the run was at its height police reserves were rushed to the district to quell the fast rising disorder. Notice on the Window. Plastered on the window of Pati's bank the most remarkable notice of a suspension probably ever posted was read by hundreds after the bank closed its doors. It read: "I will suspend pay nent for two weeks. I am compelled to leave town. as I have received threatening letters and people have attempted to take my life. There are no fears of your losing your deposits. Beside cash, I own sixty-five houses in New York, and have them insured for $100,000, and can pay everybody. I will resume in two weeks (Signed) "PASQUALE PATI & SON." Dynamited Six Weeks Ago. Six weeks agoa dynamite bomb shattered the front of the Pati bank Three weeks ago Francesco Pelletro entered Pati's bank with drawn revolver and demanded money after threatening to kill the banker and his son, Salvatore, who were in the bank. Pati and his son drew revolvers and, in the fusilade of bullets, Pelletro fell dying. The flood of Black Hand letters did not cease. Yesterday three strange men entered the bank and threatened not only to kill Pati and his family, but to burn his home and destroy his business. The men darted out of the bank before Pati could summon the police. Late last night a servant at the Pati home in Brooklyn discovered several men prowling around the house, and a quantity of oil-soaked rags were found placed against the building in several places. A small run on the Pati bank was started yesterday when rumors began to circulate about Pati. There were 200 depositors in line when the bank opened today, and within an hour the line of depositors grew to 3,000. Pati's relatives quickly decided upon suspension, and the doors were closed and the notice of suspension posted. The whereabouts of Pati is not known.

9. March 26, 1908 The Free Lance Fredericksburg, VA
Article from The Free Lance, March 26, 1908

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Their Members, and Threats to Kill Him and His Family Were Made. Depositors Clamor For Money. New York. March 25.-A malevolent plot, relentlessly worked out by members of the Black Hand, declare the police. in defiance of he authorities pressing hard upon their trail, ended dramatically in a run of depositors and the suspension of the bank of Pasquale Pati. an Italian banker on Elizabeth street ,and his flight from the city in fear of death threatened by the Black Hand because he recently shot and killed Francesco Pelletro, one of their alleged members. who had demanded money under the pain of killing the banker and family. Three thousand depositors clamored loudly at the Pati bank for their savings, and in the excitement a run was started on the bank of F. Acritelli & Son, across the street from the suspended institution. and caused it to shut its doors. The two banks were small private institutions. The run on the Pati bank. the police charge, was engineered by the Black Hand as a revenge on Pati, who was acquitted by the coroner of having killed Pelletro. Plastered on the window of Pati's bank the most remarkable notice of a suspension probably ever posted was read by hundreds after the bank closed its doors. It read: "I will suspend payment for two weeks. I am compelled to leave town. as I have received threatening let ters and people have attempted to take my life. There are no fears of your losing your deposits. Besides cash. I own sixty-five houses in New York and have them Insured for $100.000, and can pay everybody. I will resume in two weeks." The closing of Pati's bank and his sudden departure from the city is the sequel to a scheme of extortion and blackmail of the Black Hand that had its inception several years ago. Pasquale Patt was said to be the richest banker in the teeming Italian quarter on the East Side. where the banker believed he had no enemies. Letters came demanding money. How much money Pati parted with to stay the threats contained in the letters the police have been unable to learn. Three weeks ago Francesco Pelletro entered Pati's bank with drawn revolver and demanded money, after threatening to kill the banker and his son. Salvatore, who were in the bank. Pati and his son drew revolvers, and in the fusillade of bullets Pelletro fell. dying. The flood of Black Hand letters did not cease. and Monday three strange men entered the bank and threatened not only to kill Pati and his family. but to burn his home and destroy his business. The men darted out of the bank before Pati could summon the police. Late at night a servant at the Pati home in Brooklyn discovered several men prowling around the house. and a quantity of oil-soaked rags were found placed against the building in several places.

10. March 26, 1908 The Bee Earlington, KY
Article from The Bee, March 26, 1908

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EANRS CLOSED BY BLACK HAND ITALIAN BANKER IN NEW YORK FLEES FROM CITY IN FEAR OF DEATH. HAD KILLED BLACKMAILER Front of Building Had Been Damaged by Dynamite and Three Weeks Later Man Demanded Money and Threatened Life. New York, March 25.-A malevolent plot relentlessly worked out by members of the Black Hand, declare the police, in defiance of the authorities pressing hard upon their track, ended dramatically Tuesday in a run of depositors and the suspension of the bank of Pasquele Pati, an Italian banker, on Elizabeth street, and his Gight from the city in fear of death, threatened by the Black Hand because he recently shot and killed Francesco Pelletro, one of their alleged members, who had demanded money under the pain of killing the banker and his family. Police Reserves Rushed Out. Three thousand depositors clambered loudly at the Pati bank yesterday for their savings and in the excitement a run was started on the bank of F. Acritelli & Son, across the street from the suspended institution, and caused it to shut its doors. The two banks were small private institutions. The run on the Pati bank, the police charge, was engineered by the Black Hand, in revenge on Pati, who was Monday acquitted by the coroner of having killed Pelletro. When the run was at its height, police reserves were rushed to the district to quell the fast rising disorder. Plastered on the window of Pati's bank, the most remarkable notice of a suspension probably ever posted was read by hundreds after the bank had closed its doors. It read: "I will suspend payment for two weeks. I am compelled to leave town, as I have received threatening letters and people have attempted to take my life. There are no fears of your losing your deposits. Besides cash, I own 65 houses in New York and have them insured for $100,000 and can pay everybody. I will resume in two weeks. (Signed) "Pasquele Pati & Son, Slavatore." Richest Banker in Italian Quarter. The closing of Pati's bank and his sudden departure from the city is a sequel to a scheme, so say the police, of extortion and blackmail of the Black Hand that had its inception several years ago. Pasquele Pati was said to be the richest banker in the teeming Italian quarter on the East Side, where the banker believed he had no enemies. Letters came demanding money. How much money Pati parted with to stay the threats contained in the letters the police have been unable to learn. It was Pati's custom to keep large piles of American and Italian money in the front window of his bank and six weeks ago a dynamite bomb exploded near the tempting window. The glass was shattered and thousands of dollars in paper money was scattered about the street. Pati succeeded in recovering all the money.

11. April 3, 1908 Kingsbury County Independent Desmet, SD
Article from Kingsbury County Independent, April 3, 1908

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"BLACK HAND" FORCES BANKER TO CLOSE HIS INSTITUTION AND FLEE Rich Italian Posts Unique Notice on the Door of His Bank in New York. New York, March 27.-A malevolent plot relentlessly worked out by members of the "Black Hand," declare the police, in defiance of the authorities pressing hard on their track, ended dramatically in a run of depositors and the suspension of the bank of Pasquale Pati, an Italian banker, in Elizabeth street, and his flight from the city in fear of death, threatened by the "Black Hand" because he recently shot and killed Francesco Pelletro, one of their alleged members, who had demanded money under the pain of killing the banker and his family. Three thousand depositors clamored loudly at the Pati bank for their savings, and in the excitement a run was started on the bank of F. Acritelli & Son, across the street from the suspended institution, and caused it to shut its doors. The two banks were small private instutions. The run on the Pati bank, the police charge, was engineered by the "Black Hand" as a revenge on Pati, who had just been acquitted by the coroner of having killed Pelletro. When the run was at its height police reserves were rushed to the district to quell the tast rising disorder. Unique Notice. Plastered on the window of Pati's bank the most remarkable notice of a suspension probably ever posted was read by hundreds after the bank closed its doors. It read: