15629. City Bank (New York, NY)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run Only
Bank Type
state
Start Date
May 10, 1837
Location
New York, New York (40.714, -74.006)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
0183657a

Response Measures

None

Description

Newspaper reports (May–July 1837) describe heavy withdrawals and runs on many New York banks including the City Bank. There is no article that states City Bank suspended payments or was closed; later pieces discuss possibility of resumption by some banks. Cause appears to be the broad 1837 panic and failing of other banks (systemic/local bank distress), so classified as macro_news. OCR is noisy but bank name and city are clear.

Events (1)

1. May 10, 1837 Run
Cause
Macro News
Cause Details
General panic during the Panic of 1837: runs and heavy specie drains caused by failures/closures (Dry Dock, Merchants' Bank, U.S. Bank suspension) and widespread loss of confidence
Newspaper Excerpt
more the banks increased yesterday... The run than on it yet has been during the State Bank, City Bank, general Company... there runs crushed us to save themselves
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (3)

Article from The Herald, May 10, 1837

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Article Text

MONEY Wednesday, May 10. more the banks increased yesterday, erisis. and The became Merchants' The run than on it yet has been during the State Bank, City Bank, general Company, the these drains for Bank, the Manhattan more or less subject to attend and many others, were Bank has its own business to run of specie. The Merchants' Dry Dock and U. S. Bank agency. concentrated The on the to, besides the appeared to be more During the yesterday, therefore, than on any other in the street. immense. The Merchants' Bank the crowd in Wall street was banks, and realwhole morning to have lost all confidence in the brought on by people would seem seem as if this calamity had conduct-by been their ignoly it themselves-by their foolish business. the banks and want of general knowledge in Dock their Bank own by on inrance The closing of the of Vice the Chancellor, doors of the will Dry likely The be the injunction beginning was junction last act of the drama. Directors-not that of the end"-the the request of the President and and entire ability to granted at least doubt of their solvency on demand, they had the because their engagements, large banks pay their debts, for but their immediate resources. assistance, The although in were the 100 street large seeing this, not only denied first to throw discredit upon security was offered, them still but further were the by refusing to receive Fish, the of Dry the and embarrass in the regular course of business. train Mr. to injure his Dock notes Bank, was foremost in the Fund banks, Tradesmen's and Mr. Gallatin followed. The Safety and whose promineighbor, first cried out against the U. S. Bank, have never been rewho regulate the domestic exchanges shake off the little Bank ses deemea, to charter thought was it a an good independent time to and weak unrestricted and unprotect- one.whose the opportunity when she was her the least ed, Watching they refused her notes without giving bill holders and depositors notice. excitement yesterday among found the Bank shutup, continued The to be very great, when wisely they began to be alarmed about State and very naturally not and knowing, very the precise day small when fry the up town, other bank notes, the Union, and the himself quite as Bank, the Mechanics', too; and each man, deeming a steady drain would shut up as these concerns, commenced Nassau and good a depository banks generally. Wall street, between drawn out was very upon the was crowded, and the amount the specie is all William, will doubtless be repeated until drew out of the large, and the bills exhausted. One person another State drawn Bank out, or $25,000, and carried its for safe-keeping, to place-namely, was so his alarming, own dwelling even on house. Monday, to aid his of Honor the other the The run he was afraid he should have to ask and they Mayor, and that the called his brother Presidents together, Dock money, to Banks, it policy to redeem the Dry delegated to go at once thought excitement; and Mr. Lawrence was Dock notes allay the assemblage, and announce that the Dry course was probefore the by the other banks. This were would be redeemed evening meeting, but the majority first hour, them posed at the but Sunday the amount of specie drawn out the and depositors opposed ; to their senses. The bill-holders the bills on Saturbrought be so easily satisfied. Why offer refuse redeem all the cirwill day, not and on Monday $200,000? come out and It certainly to shews great weakculation-say learn nearly that the one hour's operations brought they would some ness, and we down to their gold, which is the last coin, and it is of the banks Half eagles are a very pretty banker when he can wish no great to part trouble with. for every man to act as his OWB get gold. also are on foot to get authority to suspend A specie meetMeasures without the penalty of losing their charters. object. Therepayments held in the Exchange yesterday for that will draw out the ing fore was the for run their must money continue, before as the every authority man is out. granted-i. e., if they gold can get Dock their Bank's turn before assets the on gold paper rw.s shew the about real $260,000 estate, The Dry their liabilities, without counting valuable more than all the banking house in Wall street, and day a or two consisting at of and near the Dry Dock, estimated, (though now a in no way property ago, by Mr. Stebbins, formerly at over cashier, half a million of dollars. So, connected with the $250,000 bank) is lost in winding up, the stockhold- themers if not will more have than all the real estate left to divide among selves. tell what amount of protested southern paper received the Who can and what amount of protested paper The stock State bills Bank on London, holds, at 15 to 20 per cent premium? paid out half eagles! sold for yesterday at 70-and Geo. yesterday Griswold received they for the exchange cent Where are the Cryder notes & Co., London-sold at 18 to of 20 America? per on Morrison, Were they discounted at the Bank taken up? premium? those which have gone into protest been but it brought And have arrival from England yesterday, water. The We had au alter the position of things across the belief that all the nothing opinion to is now settling down into the and Morrigeneral houses, except the Barings, the the Browns, board. Nothing American son would & Cryder, appear capable have long of altering since gone this by opinion, but direct and positive information continue to fall-United to the contrary. States Bank still and at rising. 95-MorStocks nominal at 30-Rail Roads are firm Indeed, we r is Canal is still continue among the merchants. meetings, and are Failures believe that the merchants by their contributed to indisposed to and their private efforts have 300 who have their feelings, for specie. " The banks" say the turn round crease the have runs crushed us to save themselves This feeling us of asfailed-" compel them to stop paying specie." has increased fearand towards the banks and their managers will be a general curperity the last few days. There runs, and of fully during discounts, in consequence of these as water. tailment of failures. Gold and silver is now plenty it at precourse more draw out their deposites in gold, sell yesterday, a Indeed, many more. We heard of one transaction par value mium and get sovereigns were sold for $5.30-the of dein is $4.24. which English Paper is already beginning to shew symptoms preciation. the present state of things are increased by the of The evils of merchants towards the banks-the agitations the new corbitterness of the the general scramble for office been in boasting of politicians-and ten years past, the banks have 25 cent in poration. dividends-some For 12, some 16, and some per their shamaking Where are their profits now? Where heart will are shew to one year. Where is the pity that any and mevings now? their day of calamity? The merchants the banksnot one. wards chanics them have in not a single feeling in common with


Article from The Herald, May 18, 1837

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Article Text

The Jaudain loan, Bills of Exchange, Post notes, $5,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 $11,000,000 These amounts must be provided for in the face of exchange at 115 to 120-and all the banks in the country in a state of suspension as regards specie. In addition to this, the western debts yet due the bank, at this time, probably amount to $8,000,000. In ordinary times these debts would be collected in specie or the bills of specie paying banks-but during the present time, the thing is utterly impracticable. The suspension of specie payments by the United States Bank, we have no doubt was a matter of the same necessity which caused the like suspension of the State banks. But if the course of public events in Pennsylvania should be hostile to the institution it is gone forever. Yet it may sustain itself in that state, from its being interwoven with its finances and policy. There is yet a greater calamity impending over the country than that of the present misfortune, and that would be the entire prostration of the credit and finances of all the states in the Union. The United States government is the only public organ which has the remotest power of being able to reconstruct its finances, or of putting them into use, and creating the germ of a new confidence in the financial world. The Suspension Law is another important element in the present state of confidence. By that law every bank is enjoined to take in payments of debts due to it, the bills of other safety fund banks throughout the state. This singular provision was inserted probably with the view of saving seven millions of canal and surplus funds now belonging to the state and in the possession of the several banks. Be the motive what it may, its effect on the currency of the state will be singular, and for a time very salutary. We say for a time, and only for a time. The safety fund notes of every bank in the state being receivable for debts payable to the banks of Wall street, will give them a species of par value, as compared with city paper. The banks being compelled to receive them, they will most probably discount on them-pay them out for notes offered for discount. The consequence of this policy will be a large circulation of country safety fund notes over the whole state and Union. The balances of the country, south, west and east, all tend to New York. At this moment these balances amount to $50,000,000 or more. Safety fund notes will therefore be at a premium, as compared with all other notes, because they can be used to pay debts in New York, and by law are receivable for debts due our banks. If this provision were left to its own action, it would cause a prodigious flood of safety fund paper currency over the south and west. Merchants and exchange dealers in Charleston, Mobile, New Orleans, would receive about $30,000,000 in a few months, and return it to New York in a few more months, to pay their debts to the merchants and banks here. This principle, however, is limited by law. The suspended banks, under the new law, are only authorized to issue about 15 to 20 millions of paper currency for the whole state. Under the specie-paying law, they issued probably 25 millions or more. But the difficulty is will these banks be kept in check by the law? The convertibility of their paper into specie, restricted them under the old system-under the new, they are in the hands of the Bank Commissioners. Now what reason is there to suppose that the Bank Commissioners will act faithfully and guardedly, and keep these banks to the limits of the law? Very little reason. The public can reposé no confidence, and have no confidence in the Bank Commissioners. Their pablic reputation is rotten to the core. We may therefore expect a prodigious flood of safety fund issues. This will make speculative business appear prosperous for a while, but it will lead us into a fresh crisis and fresh calamities. These issues will flood the whole union. The safety fund bankers in the interior of the state knowing their utter insolvency, will avail themselves of these privileges, and in spite of the Bank Commissioners, will secretly issue vast quantities in the south and west. The receivability of the paper here will give it currency for a while-but the bubble will not last long. In the meantime, the several banks of this city will most probably wind up, sooner than come into such a paper system, Whether any or all will or not, we shali learn this week. They must all decide before Monday next, the Manhattan too, otherwise lose their charters. Our own advice to the solvent banks would be, to resume specie payments next Monday-that being the latest day by law. If the Manhattan, City, National, and a few other banks, could make arrangements to resume specie payments tomorrow or Monday, they can set the ridiculous suspension law at defiance, and organize some kind of a system of finance and exchanges sufficient till September. Such is our situation. We are persuaded that all these attempts to prop up the banks are utterly futile. The Albany scheme is a broken reed. No remedy for the present evils will do, but a large national specie-paying bank, with its head quarters in New York and New Orleans, to organize the exchanges, and restore specie payments, under the authority of Congress. There must be some such an institution to set in order the larger branches of commerce the lower branches to take care of themselves, with the specie now on hand, and the banking business thrown wide open. As things are now going on, the paper currency will ever and anon depreciate. Specie is 6 to 10 per cent above city bills-western safety fund bills 10 to 20 per cent under par-New England about 1 to 25. We are entering on a new bubble.


Article from Morning Herald, July 3, 1837

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Article Text

Thus has the infamous Safety Fund System, and its atrocious suspension, opened the door for all sorts of speculations and paper bu'obles on the community. Yet there is a remedy. The Unite 4 States Bank, which is such a thorn in the side of these persons, is rapidly preparing to restore the exchanges and currency of the country'to order, before a foolish Congress can meet. We have already mentioned the movements begun by Mr. Biddle, and wemay add further facts confirming the same views. It appears that Mr. Biddle is reinforcing his bank in Philadelphia, through his branch at New Orleans, called she Merchants Bank. This institution never suspended payment, and at the last accounts it had $2,000,000 specie in its vaults, besides amounts continually arriving from Mexico. During the last fortnight, large masses of this specie have been put in movement for Philadelphia; and it would not surprise us, if the United States Bank should be in a position to resume in three weeks or less. It will then truly become the "rallying point" *of all the trealthy commerce, and integrity in trade, throughout 'the country. In this city, the National Bank, the City Bank, and perhaps one or two others, can resume at the same time. They are able and willing to do so. The Merchants Bank in New Orleans, is already in the true position, and it is reconstructing the internal exchanges, as rapidly as the dilapidated condition of commerce will warrant. In Boston, Baltimore and Charleston, several banking institutions may also resume. Now when this great financial, commercial, and moral movement shall be complete, where will the Safety Fund system, and the Deposite Banks, be? They will be crushed to the earth under the just vengeance of an indignant people. Already suits are brought against the Manhattan Bank, one of the chief of these, and preparations ought to be made, on an extensive scale, to bring every Safety Fund bubble to justice, before Congress meets. If Mr. Biddle carries out these plans, he will truly be the "Great Financier" of the age. The Atlantic Marine Insurance Company has declared a semi-annual dividend of 12½ per cent—the United States Bank is also about declaring a dividend—but the state banks are not authorized to de so during the suspension. Why don't the poor, defrauded stockholders move?