15399. Bank of the State (New York, NY)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run → Suspension → Closure
Bank Type
state
Start Date
September 15, 1839
Location
New York, New York (40.714, -74.006)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
8903d1a0

Response Measures

Full suspension

Other: Bank subsequently 'exploded' (failed/protested drafts) and ceased operations per article language.

Description

Articles describe an extraordinary panic in mid-September 1839 with heavy withdrawals/pressure on the Bank of the State of New York (run), followed by the bank's protest/explosion on Oct 11, 1839 and effective failure. Cause appears to be adverse bank-specific actions (reckless bill sales/specie drains) and loss of confidence; I classify as bank-specific adverse information leading to suspension/closure. Dates drawn from article publication context (Sept 15, 1839 panic; Oct 11, 1839 'explosion').

Events (3)

1. September 15, 1839 Run
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Extraordinary panic and heavy specie demands after the State Bank reserved right to discontinue redemption under the safety-fund arrangement; large withdrawals and refusal to redeem notes precipitated runs.
Measures
None described in articles as effective; banks discussed arrangements and safety-fund modifications but no successful rescue for this bank is reported.
Newspaper Excerpt
extraordinary panic existed in Wall street banks, yesterday ... The alarm continued ... the State Bank to redeem more safety fund money ... merchants unwilling to submit to the shave, until Monday.
Source
newspapers
2. October 11, 1839 Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
the bank exploded (protested drafts and failure) leading to its collapse and loss of confidence; subsequent letters describe sacrifices and losses from the bank's conduct.
Source
newspapers
3. October 11, 1839 Suspension
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Specie drained by large sales of drafts/bills drawn on foreign houses and protested; bank lacked funds to meet payments and was effectively forced into failure on Oct 11, 1839 (protests of drafts).
Newspaper Excerpt
On the news of that event, October 11, 1839, the bank exploded.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (2)

Article from Morning Herald, September 16, 1839

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Article Text

M E Y PM A nk Sunday, Sept. 15- 6P. M extraordinary panic existed in Wall street banks, yeaterday the highA most 12 o'clock up to the hoar for closing cause the of which was est From degree of excitement prevailed- the the State Bank to redeem more safety fund money, and full history. any 19 per cent discount. us from the sudden refusal on the part Let of the prices give a yesterday immediately morning, fell 5 of the board of brokers rates of At the firm at slight improvement on opening announced, the that the prices were At the " second call" it was At was refused at the State U.S. fund a broker who had purchased same previous safety moment day. money leading offered it freelyat Bank. 4} per bank cent the stock previous, at five per the same stock so large depressed 3 per cent, sales declined Another house then cent, offered being made freely, pro- at that the price was the board closed; other stocks per at which rate Commerce liper cent; Vicksburg and Hudson 1) per cent; Paterson portionably. 102, Bank of I becoming per cent; gener- HarDel. After the Board, the facts lem per scene which ensued known, the day, there is naturally on market cent; ally Saturday being cent. settling beggared other. The all description. that day men. much larger easy, from the had and the morning amount wa: apparently due than on any city fact banks which Western we increastioned in our Saturday 's paper, that the the large amount of ed their line of rendered discounts; the merchants comparatively them of easy. the money in town of the redemption deprived The brokers The sudden stoppage unless at a heavy sacrifice. entire. use of these means, and some refused to buy country money again, at 10 alarmed, at five per cent, and others, hurrying ly; all directions were to be seen the hour In to dispose of their money, and as It was per cent. and others fro, purchased seeking very high. persons then of three to appreached the excitement ran would probably be made bank announced Monday, for that the some redemption arrangement resumed of some the deser redemption ptions of of the a notes, part and of and the notes. latterly the State Many of the merchants, on deposited this assurance, their coununwilling to submit to the shave, until Monday. In this being on their-notes at the banks. settled. The try money of theobligations for the day were not idle. way most time the stock jobbers were the board, In the mean the market by their sales shares at of the same firm who pressing depressed the market, and near 400 The alarm continued bank were sold at or near par. of the United United States rumors affecting the standing amount of post created States bank. thousand It was stated for sale, that which an enormous fact contributed which to in notes had been sent and on the timid let fly" their stocks, that those crease the designing alarm, bought. It then became evident at a prethe more create the panic by heavy sales, who contributed.to deliverable on Tuesday, were purchasing by the mium of 3} per cent, way, making a clear three per cent stocks be. at par in the usual seemed to check the panie, and took place came operation. firm, and This at the second board the following sales b 60. 100 State Bauk, 250 50 : Del. do de and Hudson, do do 65} 102je. 651 604 D.W. n.w.; 30 50 30 50 Harlem, do do 471 461 461 H.W. This in demand at these rates. 24 was nearly recovering the prices at the morning card, fund and stocks were assigned for refusing to redeem the complied safety with were, that the banks had in the notes the The terms reasons of the agreement, no provision and generally the had quantity been made, not was so large market was yesterday, the bank for which was unable to go on. of The the chief arrangement inducements that of July last, and one the part made on the 20th renew it, was the agreement thrown on upon for the State bank Fund to banks to reduce amount system of of the Safety redemption one half, by means of a at the the banks for the details of which we published the protime. internal The exchange, following was the answer of the bank to position of the committee E.Q.,CHAIRMAN: BANK OF THE STATE OF NEW York, JULY arrangement 19, 1339. proposed WM. Believing OLIVER, annexed) that will the diminish effect of your authorized the receipt to of agree the country to your (see Bank copy Notes at least one half.! this bank the right to discontinue the notes the of arrangement proposition, reserving generally, when or this to discontinue bank may deem it necessary proper. any bank or banks, to the Merchants' receiving Exchange business Bank with and and It is understood Manufacturers' that Bank will continue terms to do as proposed Leather their rresponding banks. and use upon the the same Bank Messenger servant. as heretofore.-1 this Bank, am, and very seal respectfully, up your obedient R. WITHERS, Cashier. of By this letter the it redemption appears... that without the bat.k notice. mercantile reserved This reservation, the interests, right discontinuing accompanied by immediate a total disregard cause of to the the extraordinary cause has panic unhas been the yesterday. The remote which we witnessed relative position of the western crops been the The western crops are so doubtedly England. abundant recede greatly that, and in the absence of any foreign subsequent to the arrival their present was entertained that in case the those from Liverpool, of the low hope rates; demand, but wouldnot prices must only be maintain- of fai- of of the crop in England, prices of affairs, the lure ed value. In this pesture and shippers, farmers and is but rise in at the rates offered by millers of the farmers. would the latter not were sell not disposed to meet banks the views had not sufficiently re. the mean time it appears that The the money came to the city, in the stricted their discounts for the purchase of fall supplies, The State in Bank, large amounts, hands of and traders without their credits reserved to meet power them. of refusing them. in a therefore, exercised of the notes, did not, however, occur the merchants, day, The pressure due regard to thej interest of that made or an hour, and give timely notice, such be as discontinued would have prompted last,that the arrangement would would have on on the the 27th 24 June of that month, would in which have case made no their panic calculations, occurred, the merchants arrangements. The country and the had time to make other but the also have been a judicious course, announce would brokers have would their provisions sudden for banks their facts which accompanied the preconcerted stock much the appearance of a take notes ment, in This operation aavantage artificial movehave very part of some person or persons, create to in of ment, the excitable the state speculate of the on market large and scale. Saturday, of all panic, in order to the largest amount of money. days in the at this moment particularly have to changes hands, from the south, the merchants having week, and is that on which They when money strain be procered good their engagements. been the timely assistance of of the day, suddenly find every bled by eafmot nerve to for make the payments payments from the west, by the them capri- eas- moto provide of the meansjwithin their grasp, them in deprived bank established to 10 cious selves of a assist loss of per movements They must then submit to a. the market ments throw any securities they possess a nest of harpica raise the money. to depress artificially the stock a cent. or of work pressure. At the same moment undergone upon market, ruinous and have he to been at that his securities have and the broker, finds on offering, He, therefore, between the bank liabilities. depreciation. cut of 10 per cent of his immediate ical shaved future movements of the banks are yet of problemat redemption by The is, that the old arrangement reduced tolalf per the The brokers probability will be renewed, some and the modification rate of the present will arrangement of In the al wance the new of a controlline institution requirite cent discount, in which case banks with the N. Am. T. & B. and


Article from The Daily Union, February 12, 1852

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Article Text

by using all its means and energy to break the New York banks. The plot, the conspiracy, and the means of its execution, were openly avowed in a published letter of this Mr. Cowperthwaite, the cashier and co-laborer with innocent Mr. Cope. The circumstances were these : The general suspension of all the banks of the Union was in May, 1837. The New York and all the New England banks resumed May, 1838. This involved a difference of five to fifteen per cent. discount on all United States Bank and southern money which remained suspended, as com: pared with New York and this state of affairs compelled the United States Bank to resume, by borrowing, January, 1839 Towards the summer months it became apparent that the concern could not maintain itself, and to conceal its own dishonor it was necessary that the New York banks should fail also. To effect this, the ageney in New York sold bills on Hottinguer, of Paris, and Rothschilds, of London, without limit, underselling all other drawers. The money received for their bills was, of course. of the New York banks, and specie was instantly demanded, drawn and sent to Philadelphia, whence a porrion of it was shipped to meet the bills. Thus, the Algonquin carried $500,000 and the Pocahontas $502,000. This operation was very expensive to the bank. The steamship Liverpool left New York August 26. In the week then ending the bank sold $1,500,000 on Hottinguer, and on Monday, 26, and Tuesday, 27, drew $1,200,000 in specie from the New York banks, being the balance proceeds of the bills. Thus, haf-past two o'clock, a draft for $100,000 in specie was sent into the Bank of the State of New York; the teller re. plied that it should be paid as soon as possible the holder said it must be done instantly. The New York Bank cashier ordered the money counted for delivery at 3 o'clock. As the bank clock struck three, the United States Bank notary appeared with a duplicate draft in his hand to protest for non-payment. But the tale was complete. This pro cess was repeated with all, until the reckless sales of bills alarmed the public. Those bills were drawn on credit. The bank had no money then, and they were protested. On the news of that event, October 11, 1839, the bank exploded. Mr. Cowperthwaite acknowledged the plot, and Mr. Riddle in a letter, April, 1841, states as follows: It was then manifest to me that my property had been sacrificed to the necessities of the bank-brought on by the conduct of the bank after I left it-brought on by the efforts to break down the banks of New York-the real cause of all the disasters of the Bank of the United States-which now called upon me to repair the injuries its own conduct had inflicted." Now, Mr. Cope, one of the directors of such a concern as that, remonstrates against a mint in New York, and 'disclaims, at the outset, any improper feelings." The sophistry of the memorial is of a very low order. It objects to a branch in New York on the ground that such a branch would absorb all the business, and leave nothing for Philadelphia to do! Is not that admitting the whole question. If people can get their money coined in New York, they will not go to the expense and trouble of a voyage to Philadelphia. Where should the mint be but where the public want it The memorial does not deny that the gold for coinage comes from New York, but asserts.that it costs but $35,000 for transportation Suppose it only costs $1,000, why should that needless tax be submitted to But the statement is not true. The houses who send bullion to Philadelphia pay no less than: per cent. and the loss of interest by delay. This last year it was 1 per cen: ,but has since been modified to & per cent. : making the actual cost 1 per cent.-that is to say, $240,gon the busines of last year. The most ridiculous stateth is that in relation to the expense, which it is alleged isan Philadelphia $200,000 per annum, and estimated at that age for New York. On this data the following statement is given: Cost of mint $400,000 3,500,000 Principal (annual expense $200,00 2,000,000 Bullion fund to be advanced Total 5,900,000 This bullion fund" to be advanced is what is supposed necessary to keep on hand to pay depositors, and was necessary in an like that of Philadelphia. But Mr. Cope tells as on page that a mint at New York will do all the business so that this buttion fund will not be additional-in will only be used MN York instead Philadelphin Mr. Cape then tells us nist the Philadelphia mint costs $200,000 per anning The report of the Secretary of the Treasury for 1850 how lying before me, gives the expense thus $43,300 Officers of the mint and branches 126,190 Expenses $169,490 Total four minta Instead of $200,000 for Philadelphia alone. New York city has already tendered the land to the government, and $150,000 will build what is necessary after removing all the machinery from Philadeiphia. Mr. Cope's calculation of the capital represented by the annual expense is something like his calculation to break the New York banks. But one item he left out of the Philadelphia expense. He states (page 6) that a large portion of the gold arrived at New York belongs to poor holders all over the Union That is true; and in three years 5,000,000 ounces have arrived at New York. Of this, one-half was in the pockets of those passengers who, not being able to go to the mint, sold it to brokers at $1 per ounse loss-say $2,500,000, which they paid to brokers, owing to the mint being in Philadelphia. Now, if the government build a mint in New York, and charge 12) cents per ounce, it would realize $500,000 er annum, and the people would save $3,500,000 per annum. About one-half of this latter sum is the profit of London Jews, who buy the gold up below its value and ship to London. Hence the greater the supply of gold-that is, the greater the number of poor holders who arrive here from Chagres-the less they get for it, the greater the profits of the brokers, and the more considerable the shipments. It is stated that a sale of $4,000,000 of the Illinois Central Railroul construction bonds has been made to capitalists of this city and Boston, and the road will now progress at once The news from Europe is favorable for breadstuffs. The consumption in England is large, and the current of exports is towards Europe. The imports and exports of wheat and flour into and from Liverpool in the last three months of 1851 were as follows: Imports. Exports. 1850. 1850 1851 1851