14917. State Bank (Brooklyn, NY)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run Only
Bank Type
state
Start Date
January 11, 1905
Location
Brooklyn, New York (40.660, -73.951)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
b7e56def

Response Measures

Accommodated withdrawals, Public signal of financial health

Description

Multiple contemporaneous articles describe a large run on the State Bank on Grand Street (Manhattan) on Jan 11–12, 1905. The bank met demands (paid out specie, brought $250,000 in coin), no suspension or closure is reported. Although a small run is mentioned at a Brooklyn branch, the main event occurred at the Grand Street location; the originally provided city (Brooklyn) appears to refer to a branch, so I set city to New York (Manhattan). Cause is classified as rumor_or_misinformation/misunderstanding: long lines of depositors depositing to begin earning interest were mistaken for a failure, triggering the panic.

Events (1)

1. January 11, 1905 Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Long lines of depositors depositing to earn interest were misinterpreted by the crowd as evidence the bank was in trouble, provoking panic withdrawals.
Measures
Bank paid out in specie; brought large shipments of coin (reports of $250,000, trucks of silver dollars); roped off sidewalk, police detail called; limited admissions and paid depositors as fast as possible.
Newspaper Excerpt
Run on the State Bank of Grand street ... Five hundred persons waited in front of the building all last night and their number quickly swelled to 5,000 when the bank opened.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (3)

Article from New-York Tribune, January 12, 1905

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Article Text

AT STATE BANK/RUN. OVER $80,000 PAID OUT. Deposits Exceed Payments Police Charge Frenzied Crowd. Panic stricken, and like a flock of sheep foltheir leader, the motles throng of 378 delowing in the State Bank, Nos. 376 and positors continued the run on that institution time Grand-st from 9 a. m. to For a inyesterday forenoon the excitement became so in the that a serious riot sprevented only by tense quick action of the police. the of the most anxious had remained in the to Some all night waiting for the bank doors street when they did open for admission, more open, and struggled three than hundred half were women. By 11 a frenzied mob, and of persons whom become o'clock Captain the crowd Tighe had to send for reinforcements. Reserves came The had the Eldridge and Fifth st. stations. from jammed itself against & brass railing the basement in crowd that surrounded had break. front Twenty of the The railing threatened to and some plain clothes men with their clubs just in to the bank. policemen mob time charged avert accident. After this the sidewalk was roped an off and the people kept in line. The blocks on side of the bank were patrolled. became evident that the run was continue all day, and for each When to it perhaps likely several days. two of the bank officials were sent Wall Street, one with a $50,000 gold certifito and the other with one for $25,000. They brought cate back two truckloads of silver dollars. depositor is told that he or she must take Every all his or her money out or none at all, they must accept silver dollars. These and weigh so much that several were unable to away the amounts due them. carry Cohen, of No. 227 Broome-st., one of Becky women to draw her money, received the first in a bag. Each $1,000 of silver weighs $1,085 pounds. When she found the money it fifty-five heavy she begged the cashier to take was so and keep it. but he refused. Up to 3:40 which p. back women were allowed in the line cashm. formed only on the sidewalk and ended at the ier's window in the basement. soon became the rule for a woman who reIt over $200 to take off her skirt, or petti- a celved and make a bag of it. One woman cut into coat. from her waist and made a bag of it, sleeve she poured several hundred dollars. which While some $60,000 was paid out yesterday $400,000 was deposited in the same time. bank officials said they would allow none The old depositors to put back their money, the and of the were paying in specie, so they could tell old depositors when they came back. Roundsmen Blunt and Robinson and Detective crowd were injured in the crush. The of the jammed Kenny them against the railing in front was bank. The six-inch coping of granite out about two inches by the pulling away of of pulled the railing, and the railing was bent out shape. is the sixth run that this bank has weathered. This The "runs" have occurred from all of causes. The first was started by a fight sorts in front of the bank, excited Hebrews thinking that the crowd was storming the bank. The second was caused by a man who had an epileptic fit at the bank and fell into the areathird started from a fire. The fourth occurred in the Spanish war, when there was talk that the Spanish fleet would bombard NewYork and foot the banks. The fifth was in one of the Bryan campaigns. A Nebraska State bank had 2 run. Some of the papers used "Neb." and the Hebrews thought it meant "neblesh," which means poor. A handbill was distributed among the crowd, printed in Yiddish, stating that the bank would pay out money day and night. and that there was nothing to be feared. This seemed to have a good effect, as the crowd thinned out afterward. After the last of the depositors, just before 5 o'clock had been paid. the crowd melted away. With the coming of the men and women from of work at 6 o'clock and after, there was none the congestion or attempts at disorder feared by a Inspector Titus. By 7 o'clock there was not person standing about the bank, and the police guard had been reduced to two men. President O. L. Richard said he was confident the run was about over. Five hundred and eighty-seven accounts had been closed, aggregating $80,763. The depositors, he said, by withdrawing their funds lost the 2 1/2 per cent interest, which would have been paid to-day. The senseless scare had not interfered with deposits made by active depositors. Vice-President Kohn showed a check for $23,750 from Harry Fischel, which was the first deposit received yesterday. He said that up to noon over $20,000 had been deposited, the usual amount and the "scare" money was therefore below the of running business, deposits. At the Brownsville branch of the State Bank, Pitkin and Stone aves. Brooklyn. a number of small depositors withdrew their accounts on account of the stories from Manhattan, and there run was some excitement, but nothing approaching a


Article from Waterbury Evening Democrat, January 12, 1905

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Article Text

MOB STORMED BANK. State Bank In New York Suffers Its Sixth Run. NEW YORK. Jan. 12.-Three policemen and two Hebrew women were injured in a run on the State bank in Grand street, in the heart of the business section of the east side in this city. The run was attended by some sensational incidents. So great did the crush of 5,000 persons thronged about the bank become that they broke down an iron railing around a light well in front of the bank. and it was only by desperate clubbing on the part of the police that the excited and unruly mob was prevented from forcing many of its number into the well. The policemen and women were hurt at that point. The emergency police detail of the Delancey street station were finally called out and policemen were stationed at intervals of five or six feet for two blocks on either side of the bank. The cause of the run was as extraor. dinary as the frenzied character of the run itself. There was a rush of depositors to get their money into the bank by the 10th inst., in time to begin to draw interest at once, and the long line of waiting depositors convinced the excited Hebrews that something was wrong with the institution. Five hundred persons waited in.front of the building all through the night. and their number quickly swelled to 5,000 when the bank opened. though not all of that number were depositors. Of the five previous runs on this bank one was started by a fire. another by a fight. a third by a rumor in the Bryan campaign that silver dollars were to he cut in half. a fourth by the SpanishAmerican war and a fifth by the failure of a bank in Nebraska. There was a small run also upon a branch of the State bank in Brooklyn.


Article from The Labor World, January 14, 1905

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Article Text

RUN ON BANK CAUSED BY BIG DEPOSITS New York House Invaded By Timid Foreigners Who Mistake Long Line of People Putting in Money For Start of Financial Crash. Crowd Each Other Like Cattle and Injure Three Police and Two Women-Bank Easily Meets Demands-Great Loads of Silver Handed Out. NEW YORK, Jan. 11.-Three policemen and two Hebrew women were injured in a run on the State Bank of Grand street, in the heart of the business section of the east side today. The run was attended by some sensational incidents. The 5,000 persons crowded about the bank became so insistent that they broke down an iron railing around a light well in front of the building and it was only by desperate clubbing on the part of the police that the excited and unruly mob was prevented from forcing many of its number into the well. The policemen and women were hurt at that point. The emergency police detail of the Delancy street station was finally called out and policemen were stationed at intervals of five or six feet for two blocks on either side of the bank. Run Follows Big Deposits. The cause of the run was as extraordinary as the frenzied condition of the crowd. Yesterday there was a rush of depositors to get their money into the bank in time to begin to draw interest at once and the long line of waiting depositors convinced the excitable Hebrews that something was wrong with the institution. Five hundred persons waited in front of the building all last night and their number quickly swelled to 5,000 when the bank opened today, though not all of the number were depositors. The bank which has deposits of $10,500,000 and a cash reserve of $4,000,000, and which, Cashier A. A. Vorhis said, earned 244 per cent profits last year, sent down street for money early today and $250,000 was brought by the wagonload, largely in specie. Sight of Money Excites Them. At the sight of the money the people waiting became only more impatient to get at it. The bank officials paid depositors off as fast as the operation could be conducted. In all, the bank paid out today $55,000, and received in deposits $440,000. Remarkable scenes attended the paying off within the bank. Immediately upon getting their money into their hands and becoming convinced that the bank was able to pay them, the frantic Hebrews became equally anxious to get their money into the bank again, and several of them created scenes when the officers refused to accept it. The depositors were paid in specie to prevent a re-deposit as this was the sixth run the bank had experienced from equally trivial causes. Sixty Pounds of Silver. One of the aged depositors received sixty pounds of silver and staggered under the load when he carried it away. Women swept their accumulated savings into shawls, aprons and their outer skirts held in the form of aprons and got through the crowd as best they could. Payment of depositors was made up to 6 o'clock tonight. Officers of the bank declare It is absolutely sound and can secure $4,000,000 at an hour's noice. It received many offers of help today and declined most of them. Of the five previous runs on this bank one was started by a fire, another by a fight, a third by a rumor in the Bryan campaign that silver dollars were to be cut in half, a fourth by the Spanish-American war and a fifth by the failure of a bank in Nebraska. There was a small run also on a branch of the State bank in Brooklyn today