14317. Navesink National Bank (Red Bank, NJ)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run → Suspension → Closure
Bank Type
national
Bank ID
4535
Charter Number
4535
Start Date
August 14, 1903
Location
Red Bank, New Jersey (40.349, -74.066)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
4618467b

Response Measures

Accommodated withdrawals, Borrowed from banks or large institutions, Full suspension, Books examined

Other: Receiver changed from Examiner W. A. Mason to John W. Schofield on 1903-08-21.

Receivership Details

Depositor recovery rate
86.0%
Date receivership started
1903-08-14
Date receivership terminated
1906-06-09
OCC cause of failure
Fraud
Share of assets assessed as good
55.6%
Share of assets assessed as doubtful
22.4%
Share of assets assessed as worthless
22.0%

Description

Articles report discovery of falsified books and embezzlement by the cashier (Enoch/Enugene L. Cowart), a run/withdrawals by depositors, and closure by the Acting Comptroller with a receiver appointed. Attempts were made to reorganize and solicit correspondent assistance but the bank was closed and placed in receivership. OCR variations in the cashier's first name (Enoch/Eugene/Enoch L.) and spelling of Red Bank (Redbank) present in some clippings; corrected in analysis.

Events (7)

1. March 19, 1891 Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2. August 14, 1903 Receivership
Source
historical_nic
3. August 14, 1903 Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
Bank Examiner W. A. Mason has been appointed receiver of the Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, N. J., after ... irregularities to such an extent as to render the bank insolvent. Mason has been appointed receiver.
Source
newspapers
4. August 14, 1903 Run
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Reports of examination revealing shortages, falsified reports, false entries and discovered embezzlement by the cashier led depositors to withdraw funds; about $30,000 withdrawn during initial run.
Measures
New officials attempted to put cash into the bank; a New York correspondent bank offered assistance; cashier reportedly returned funds to satisfy depositors.
Newspaper Excerpt
the news that the Navesink National Bank was closed came like a thunderbolt, and depositors thronged about the entrance of the bank.
Source
newspapers
5. August 14, 1903 Suspension
Cause
Bank Specific Adverse Info
Cause Details
Acting Comptroller closed the bank after examiner found increased shortages, false entries, erasures and falsified reports rendering the bank insolvent (embezzlement by cashier).
Newspaper Excerpt
The Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, N. J., was closed tonight by the Acting Comptroller of the Currency. Shortage and Irregularities ... Examiner Mason has been appointed receiver.
Source
newspapers
6. August 15, 1903 Other
Newspaper Excerpt
Cashier Enoch L. Cowart ... has confessed ... that he embezzled $40,000 of the bank's funds. ... he surrendered himself to the United States Marshal and was arraigned ... held in $10,600 bail.
Source
newspapers
7. August 21, 1903 Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
John W. Schofield has been appointed receiver of the Navesink National bank of Red Bank, N. J., to relieve Bank Examiner W. A. Mason, who was appointed receiver temporarily when the bank was closed.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (21)

Article from The Montgomery Advertiser, August 15, 1903

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Red Bank, N. J., Bank Closed. Washington, Aug. 14.-The Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, N. J., was closed tonight by the Acting Comptroller of the Currency. Shortage and Irregularities to such an extent were discovered as to render the bank insolvent. Examiner Mason has been appointed receiver.


Article from The Evening World, August 15, 1903

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Cashier Enoch L. Cowart. of the suspended Navesink National Bank. at Red Bank, N. J., has confessed to Bank Examiner W. A. Mason, who is acting as receiver, that he embezzled $40,000 of the bank's funds. Accompanied by his wife. he went from his home at Asbury Park late this afternoon to surrender to the United States authorities and turn over to the bank authorities what property he posgesses. Cowart surrendered himself to the United States Marshall and was arraigned by the United States Commissioner at Freehold. He was held in $10,600 bail. Cowart was prevailed upon to make confession and restitution by Receiver Mason, who told him that to do so would go a long way in mitigating his @unishment. Cashier Was Prostrated. When Mr. Mason, acting as a Federal Bank Examiner, discovered discrepanates, erasures and false entries in the bark's books, Cashier Cowart was prostrated and was not able to leave his home at Asbury Park. The receiver went to him there and he made a clean breast of everything. Cowart said he had diverted the bank's funds, first to pay dividends on the bank's stocks in order to keep up its price, and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he indulged in at Asbury Park. In Red Bank Cowart was known as a staid and practical business man. He had been with the bank for twelve years and was responsible for what prominence it had attained. He had been the moving factor in its reorganisation. In Asbury Park he mingled with a Last set and lived at an extravagant pace which his salary did not justify. No inkling of his double life ever


Article from The Sun, August 15, 1903

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RED BANK SURPRISED. Said There That the Bank Tried to Do Too Large a Business. RED BANK, N. J., Aug. 14.- The news that the Navesink National Bank was closed came like a thunderbolt, and depositors thronged about the entrance of the bank. It is thought here that a reorganization of the bank will be effected. About three weeks ago Capt. James S. Throckmorton resigned as president of the bank, but the announcement was not made until this week, when Capt. Charles B. Parsons was elected to succeed him. Capt. Throckmorton's reasons for resigning were ill health and his wish to rid himself of business cares. Yesterday the board of directors held another meeting and it was announced that Capt. Parsons had resigned the presidency. Edward E. Roberts. a large depositor. president of the Roberts Safety Water Tube Boiler Company. was elected president. It was reported that Mr. Mason was making an investigation of the bank's affairs, and, the report spreading. a number of depositors withdrew their cash. Thinking that there might be a run on the bank, Enoch L. Cowart, the cashier, went to New York. and it was said that he returned with $100,000 to satisfy the possible demands of the depositors. It is said that the bank has done a large business, considering the amount of its capital stock and deposits, and that most of the time it needed a sum of money larger than it had on hand to meet borrowers' demands. Bank Examiner Mason said to-night: "I might say that for months past the condition of the Navesink National Bank has been unsatisfactory to the Comptroller of the Currency. Its business has been too much extended and its cash reserve has been much below the required amount fixed by the statute. "Acting under instructions from the Comptroller of the Currency, I came to Red Bank in the capacity of special bank examiner on Monday of this week. "To make a long story short. the case was readily diagnosed. but the remedy was not so easily prescribed. For a while a plan of reorganization and rehabilitation lent much encouragement. The heroic efforts on the part of some of Red Bank's best citizens to save the institution were particularly gratifying. Later, other complications set in and caused a run that resulted in the withdrawal of moral and financial support to such an extent that the Government had to take possession." When asked whether the depositors would receive their money, the examiner said that he was not prepared to answer. The Navesink bank was organized twelve years ago. Early this year a savings department was added. The directors are James S. Throckmorton, Enoch L. Cowart. Dr. Edwin Field, Charles B. Parsons, Thomas Davis, Jr., and Daniel Frost.


Article from The Sun, August 15, 1903

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BANK CLOSED AT RED BANK. SHORTAGE, FALSE ENTRIES AND ERASURES ON BOOKS. Bank Examiner Mason Appointed Receiver of the Navesink National After New Officials Had Failed to Put Money Into Bank and Make It Solvent. WASHINGTON, Aug. 14-The Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, N. J., was closed to-night by direction of the Deputy and Acting Comptroller of the Currency, after a conference by telephone with National Bank Examiner W. A. Mason, who has been engaged during the past few days in making a special examination of the bank. The bank examination on July 27 disclosed a discrepancy between the individual and general ledgers of $10,000, a falsification of the last report of the bank's condition to the Comptroller of the Currency and numerous false entries and erasures on the books. A reëxamination was ordered and Examiner Mason, who was sent to the bank, discovered increased shortages and irregularities to such an extent as to render the bank insolvent. A new president. cashier and board of directors were elected and an effort made by the latter to put sufficient cash into the bank to restore its capital and solvency with the assistance of a correspondent bank. It was thought that this effort would be successful until advice was received at the Comptroller's office to-night to the contrary, coupled with a statement that nothing remained to do but close the bank's doors, as it would be impossible to meet demands to-morrow. Bank Examiner W. A. Mason has been appointed receiver. The last report of the condition of the bank, under date of June 9, 1903, which report, it is stated. was falsified, shows the condition on that date to have been as follows


Article from Evening Star, August 15, 1903

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NEW JERSEY BANK CLOSED. National Bank Examiner Discovered Many False Entries. RED BANK, N. J., August 14.-Some hours after the close of business at the Navesink National Bank of this city a notice was posted on the front door reciting that by direction of the controller of the currency the bank had been taken in charge by W. A. Mason. a national bank examiner. The examiner came here yesterday. He declined to make any statement. The bank was organized twelve years ago with a capital of $60,000. The Navesink National Bank of Red Bank. N. J., was closed last night by direction of the acting controller of the curcurrency after a conference by telephone with National Bank Examiner W. A. Mason, who has been engaged during the past few days in making a special examination of the bank. The bank was examined in regular order on the 27th of July, and the examination disclosed a discrepancy between the individual and general ledgers of $10,000. a falsification of the last report of condition to the controller of the currency, and numerous false entries and erasures on the books. A re-examination was ordered, and Examiner Mason discovered increased shortages and irregularities to such an extent as to render the bank insolvent. A new president. cashier and board of directors were elected. and an effort made by the latter to put sufficient cash into, the bank to restore its capital and solvency, with the assistance of a corresponding bank. It was thought until last night that this effort would be successful. Bank Examiner W. A. Mason has been appointed receiver. The last report of the condition of the bank. under date of June 9. 1903, which report. it is stated. was falsified, shows the condition on that date to have been as follows:


Article from The St. Louis Republic, August 16, 1903

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fession and restitution by Receiver Mason, who told him that to do so would go a long way in mitigating his punishment. Cowart said he had diverted the bank's funds first to pay dividends on the bank's stock in order to keep up its price, and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he Indulged in at Asbury Park, where he mingled with a fast set and lived at an extravagant pace, which his salary did not justify. No inkling of his double life was ever had by his business associates in Redbank. Desperate efforts were made to keep the Navesink National Bank open, and ? New York bank offered assistance, but the run of depositors was FO great that It Was forced to close its doors.


Article from The Sun, August 16, 1903

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ARREST OF A JERSEY BANKER. CASHIER COWART OF RED BANK HELD FOR GRAND JURY Charged With Embezzling $40,000 From the Navesink National Bank-Was Bonded In $20,000-Gives $10,000 Ball-There May Be More Prosecutions RED BANK, N. J., Aug. 15.--The sensation caused last night by the closing of the Navesink bank was as nothing compared with the announcement this afternoon that Enoch I.. Cowart. the cashier. had been arrested for einbezzlement. The amount he is alleged to have embezzled is $40,000. There were ugly rumors yesterday concerning a defalcation. but the special examiner, W. A. Mason, in his statement to the newspapers last night did not incriminate any one. It is said that yesterday Mr. Cowart told the examiner that he would answer any immediate call that might be made for him. Mr. Cowart S residence is at Asbury Park. To-day Mr. Mason notified the cashier that he was wanted, and when he arrived in town he was arrested by United States Marshal Garside and taken before United States Commissioner Frank P. McDermott. Mr. Cowart waived a hearing and was required to furnish a $10,000 bond for his apparance before the United States Grand Jury. His bondsmen are Samuel C. Cowart of Freehold, his brother; T. A. Beringer, E. C. Van Cleaf and John F. Hawkins of Asbury Park. When asked what statement he had to make, Mr. Cowart refrerred to Edmund Wilson, his attorney. Mr. Wilson would give no information. Mr. Cowart left on an evening train for Asbury Park. The bank examiner made no statement to-night. and the facts relating to the alleged embezzlement are unobtainable. The amount said to have been taken corresponds with the discrepancy between the individual and general ledgers of the bank. Mr. Cowart has always been considered an upright and honorable man. He was one of the organizers of the Navesink National Bank, having previously been employed in the Second National Bank of Red Bank. He has been cashier of the Navesink National Bank ever since its organization. He is a prominent member of the Monmouth Boat Club and has always mingled in the best society of the community. He has a wife and three children, who are at Asbury Park. Yesterday after the rumors were circulated that the bank was in straits there was a run on the institution and about $30,000 was withdrawn. To-day the First and Second National banks took the checks of the defunct bank to the makers of the checks for redemption. Some business houses which deposited in the bank were handicapped to-day on account of their money being tied up. It is not known whether the depositors will be paid in full, but there is considerable hopefulness in town over the outlook. This morning a farmer drove many miles to Red Bank to secure a sum of money from the bank to pay off a small mortgage, and he was nearly heart-broken when he discovered the state of affairs. Cowart was bonded in the American Surety Company in the sum of $20,000. It was reported to-night that the receiver discovered in the cellar of the bank a number of loose sheets from the cashier's ledger which the cashier acknowledged having torn from the book The sheets contained lists of large deposits. The cashier exonerates the other officials of the bank. The embezziements, it is said, cover a period of about ten years. WASHINGTON. Aug. 15.-It is more than probable that one or more officers of the Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, N. J., will be prosecuted for criminal violation of law. The acting Comptroller has said that


Article from The Washington Times, August 16, 1903

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CASHIER E.L. COWARTH ADMITS EMBEZZLEMENT Navesink National Bank Expected to Pay Depositors. NEW YORK, Aug. 15.-Eugene L. Cowarth, cashier of the suspended Navesink National Bank, of Red Bank, N. J., acting upon the advice of Federal Bank Examiner W. A: Mason, today surrendered himself to the United States marshal and admitted that he had embezzled $40,000 of the bank's funds. He was arraigned before United States Commissioner Freehold and held in $10,000 bail. Mr. Cowarth said he had first taken the money in order to pay dividends on the stock in order to keep up its price, and later took more money to conduct an extravagant establishment which he had at Asbury Park. It is probable that the depositors will be paid in full and the bank will be permitted to resume business.


Article from Evening Journal, August 17, 1903

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ADMITS STEALING $40,000 Red Bank, N. J., Aug. 17.-Cashier Enoch L. Cowart, of the Navesink National Bank at Red Bank, which was closed by the comptroller of the Examiner W. A. Mason that he embezzled $40,000 of the bank's funds. Accompanied by his wife, he went from his home in Asbury Park to surrender to the United States authorities and turn over what property he possesses. After in had signed over his property to Receiver W. A. Mason he was taken in charge by United States Commissioner McDermott, of Freehold, and held in $10,000 bail. Cowart was prevailed upon to make a confession and restitution by Examiner Mason, who told him that to do so would go a long way in mitigating his punishment. Cowart said he had diverted the bank's fund first to pay dividends on the bank's stock, in order to keep up its price, and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he indulged in at h Ashury Park.


Article from Iron County Register, August 20, 1903

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BANK CASHIER CONFESSES. Diverted Funds at First to Pay Divi. dends on Stock and Then to Keep Up Extravagant Living. New York, Aug. 17.-Cashier Enoch L. Cowart of the suspended Navesink national bank, at Redbank, N. J., has confessed to Bank Examiner W. A. Ma. son, who is acting as receiver, that he embezzled $40,000 of the bank's funds. Cowart was prevailed upon to make confession and restitution by Receiver Mason, who told him to do so would go a long way in mitigating S punishment. Cowart said he had diverted the funds first to pay dividends on the bank's stock in order to keep up its price, and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he indulged in at Asbury Park, where he mingled with a fast set and lived at an extravagant pace, which his salary did not justify. No inkling of his double life was ever had by his business associates in Redbank. Desperate efforts were made to keep the Navesink national bank open, and a New York bank offered assistance but the run of depositors was so great that it was forced to close its doors.


Article from Oxford Eagle, August 20, 1903

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BANK CASHIER CONFESSES. Diverted Funds at First to Pay Dividends on Stock and Then to Keep Up Extravagant Living. New York, Aug. 17.-Cashier Enoch L. Cowart of the suspended Navesink national bank, at Redbank, N. J., has confessed to Bank Examiner W. A. Mason, who is acting as receiver, that he embezzled $40,000 of the bank's funds. Cowart was prevailed upon to make confession and restitution by Receiver Mason, who told him to do so would go a long way in mitigating ...S punishment. Cowart said he had diverted the funds first to pay dividends on the bank's stock in order to keep up its price, and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he indulged in at Asbury Park, where he mingled with a fast set and lived at an extravagant pace, which his salary did not justify. No inkling of his double life was ever had by his business associates in Redbank. Desperate efforts were made to keep the Navesink national bank open, and a New York bank offered assistance, but the run of depositors was so great that it was forced to close its doors.


Article from The Topeka State Journal, August 21, 1903

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ONE FOR TWO BANKS. A Receiver Is Able to Hold Down Two Jobs. Washington, Aug. 21.-John W. Schofield has been appointed receiver of the Navesink National bank of Red Bank, N. J., to relieve Bank Examiner W. A. Mason, who was appointed receiver temporarily when the bank was closed. Mr. Schofield will take charge as soon as the assets can be listed and transferred to him. The purpose of this change, the comptroller states, is to enable Examiner Mason to resume his regular work of bank examination. Mr. Schofield is also receiver of the First National bank of Asbury park, N. J. The proximity of these trusts will enable one receiver to liquidate their affairs at a less expense to both than an independent receiver for each.


Article from The Washington Times, August 21, 1903

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EXAMINER RELIEVED AT BANK OF RED BANK, N. J. Receiver of Asbury Park Bank Will Serve Both Institutions. John W. Schofield has been appointed receiver of the Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, N. J., to relieve Bank Examiner W. A. Mason, who was appointed receiver, temporarily, when the bank was closed. The purpose of this change, the Comptroller of the Currency states, is to enable Examiner Mason to resume his regular work of bank examinations. Mr. Schofield is also receiver of the First National Bank of Asbury Park, N. J. The proximity of these trusts will enable one receiver to liquidate the affairs of both at less total expense than by independent receivers. The affairs of the First National Bank of Asbury Park are so nearly wound up that the receiver will be able to devote the most of his time to the Navesink Bank. The Asbury Park Bank was closed in February last and 70 per cent in dividends have been paid to the crediors. There is money enough on hand and in sight to pay another dividend in the early fall.


Article from The Butte Inter Mountain, August 21, 1903

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CHANGE IN THE RECEIVERS John W Schofield Is Placed in Charge of Navesink Bank. BY ASSOCIATED PRESS. Washington, Aug. 21.-John W. Schofield has been appointed receiver of the Navesink National bank of Red Bank, N. J., to relieve Bank Examiner W. A. Mason, who was appointed receiver temporarily when the bank was closed. Mr. Schofield will take charge as soon as the assets can be listed and transferred to him. The purpose of this change, the comptroller states, is to enable Examiner Mason to resume his regular work of bank examinations. Mr. Schofield is also receiver of the First National bank of Asbury Park, N. J. The proximity of these trusts will enable one receiver to liquidate their affairs at a less expense to both than an independent receiver for each.


Article from The Penn's Grove Record, August 21, 1903

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NEW JERSEY STATE NEWS Bank Cashier an Embezzler. Cashier Enoch L. Cowart, of the Navesink National Bank, at Red Bank, which was closed by the Controller of the Currency, confessed to Bank Ex. aminer W. A. Mason that he embez zled $40,000 of the bank's funds. Ac companied by his wife, he went from his home at Asbury Park to surrender to the United States authorities and turn over what property he possesses. After he had signed over his property to Receiver W. A. Mason he was taken in charge by United States Commissioner McDermott. of Freehold, and held in $10,000 bail. Cowart was prevailed upon to make a confession and restitution by Examiner Mason, who told him that to do SO would go a long way in mitigating his punshment. Cowart said he had diverted the bank's funds first to pay dividends on the bank's stock, in order to keep up its price, and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he indulged in at Asbury Park. The receiver was asked what the outlook was in reference to the depositors getting their money back, and he replied that he had nothing to say other than it was infrequent for national bank depositors to lose their money by the failure of such a bank.


Article from The Montgomery Tribune, August 21, 1903

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BANK CASHIER CONFESSES. Diverted Fands at First to Pay Dividends on Stock and Then to Keep UP Estravagant Living. New York, Aug. 17.-Cashier Enoch in Cowart of the suspended Navesink national bank. at Redbank, N. J., has confessed to Bank Examiner W. A Mason. who is acting as receiver, that he embezzled $10,000 of the bank's funds. Cowart was prevailed upon to make confession and restitution by Receiver Mason, who told him to do so would go a long way in mitigating ..8 punishment. Cowart said he had diverted the funds first to pay dividends on the bank's stock in order to keep up its price. and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he indulged in at Asbury Park, where he mingled with a fast set and lived at an extravagant pace. which his salary did not justify. No inkling of his double life was ever had by his business assectates in Redbank. Desperate efforts were made to keep the Navesink national bank open. and a New York bank offered assistance, but the run of depositors was 80 great that it was forced to close its doors.


Article from Macon Beacon, August 22, 1903

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BANK CASHIER CONFESSES. Diverted Funds at First to Pay Dividends on Stock and Then to Keep Up Extravagant Living, New York, Aug. 17.-Cashier Enoch L. Cowart of the suspended Navesink national bank, at Redbank, N. J., has confessed to Bank Examiner W. A. Mason, who is acting as receiver, that he embezzled $40,000 of the bank's funds. Cowart was prevailed upon to make confession and restitution by Receiver Mason, who told him to do SO would go a long way in mitigating punishment. Cowart said he had diverted the funds first to pay dividends on the bank's stock in order to keep up its price, and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he indulged in at Asbury Park, where he mingled with a fast set and lived at an extravagant pace, which his salary did not justify. No linkling of his double life was ever had by his business associates in Redbank. Desperate efforts were made to keep the Navesink national bank open, and a New York bank offered assistance, but the run of depositors was SO great that it was forced to close its doors.


Article from The Jasper Weekly Courier, August 28, 1903

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BANK CASHIER CONFESSES. Diverted Funds at First to Pay Divi. dends on Stock and Then to Keep Up Extravagant Living. ----New York, Aug. 17-Cashier Enoch L. Cowart of the suspended Navesink national bank. at Redbank. N. J., has confessed to Bank Examiner W. A. Mason. who is acting as receiver, that he embezzled $40,000 of the bank's funds Cowart was prevailed upon to make confession and restitution by Receiver Mason, who told him to do so would go a long way in mitigating punishment. Cowart said he had diverted the "unds first to pay dividends on the bank's stock in order to keep up its price. and later he began taking money to keep up the extravagant style of living he indulged in at Asbury Park, where he mingled with a last set and lived at an extravagant pace, which his salary did not justify. No inkling of his double life was ever had by his business associates in Redbank. Desperate efforts were made to keep the Navesink national bank open, and a New York bank offered assistance but the run of depositors was so great that it was forced to close its doors.


Article from The St. Louis Republic, October 6, 1903

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TRENTON, N. J.-Enoch L, Cowart. cashier of the Navesink National Bank of Red Bank, N. J., which is now in the hands of a receiver, pleaded guilty to two charges, one of them embezzling $20,000 and the other the aiding of the making of false reports to the Treasury.


Article from The Indianapolis Journal, October 8, 1903

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POOR MAN SURPRISED. Asked to Pa? Notes for $30,000. Supposed to Have Been Signed by Him. RED BANK, N. J., Oct. 7.-Henry B. Wenecke, a comparatively poor carpenter, was notified to-day by the receiver of the Navesink National Bank of this place that notes purporting to be drawn by him to the amount of $30,000 are about to fall due and calling on him to appear to take them up. This notification was a surprise to Mr. Wenecke, who days he never made the notes and that his name to them was never written by him. Some of the notes bear also a signature purporting to be that of Enoch Cowant, former cashier of the bank. who this week pleaded guilty to indictments in the United States Court at Trenton, charging him with embezzlement, making false entries and falsifying his report to the controller, and who is to be sentenced next Monday at Trenton.


Article from The Washburn Leader, October 10, 1903

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Cowart Pleads Guilty. Trenton, N. J., Oct. 8.-E. L. Cowart, cashier of the Navesink National bank at Redbank, N. J., which is now in the hands of a receiver, pleaded guilty to two charges, one of them embezzling $20,000, and the other in aiding of the making of false reports to the treasury. His bond of $10,000 was continued for his appearance for sentence next Monday.