1277. Denver National Bank (Denver, CO)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Run Only
Bank Type
national
Bank ID
3269
Charter Number
3269
Start Date
July 19, 1893
Location
Denver, Colorado (39.739, -104.985)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
b7deaa05

Response Measures

Accommodated withdrawals, Books examined

Other: Several other Denver national banks (German, State, People's) suspended; Comptroller/Examiner intervention to aid resumption.

Description

Multiple articles report a heavy run/panic in Denver on July 18–19, 1893. Several other Denver banks (German National, State National, People's National) suspended, but the Denver National withstood the pressure and did not suspend. Coverage describes rumors/private telegrams/panic as the precipitating cause.

Events (2)

1. November 26, 1884 Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2. July 19, 1893 Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
Citywide panic and circulating rumors/private telegrams about bank failures precipitated heavy withdrawals; articles attribute the flare-up to rumors and incendiary talk (e.g., Colorado bi-metalists) rather than bank insolvency.
Measures
Clearing house coordination and banks paid out small demands; statements by J. A. Thatcher (clearing house president) reassuring public and providing support; banks honored checks and kept open.
Newspaper Excerpt
The run on the Denver National is over, with plenty of money still in sight.
Source
newspapers

Newspaper Articles (11)

Article from The Anaconda Standard, July 19, 1893

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A PANIC LIKE LOOKS Denver Banks and Mercantile Institutions Forcad to Suspend. A LACK OF READY MONEY The Banks All Have Ample Security But They Are Unable to Realize Immediately and People Want Cash. DENVER, July 18.-No scene was ever witnessed here before like that of this after the hour banks for business. morning opened shortly The when failure the of three banks ex. cited the and at the opensavings masses, crowded yesterday hour with of had were anxious Eleven ing the depositors. located streets clearing blocks of house banks within four each other and far into the streets crowds gathered until police to clear the way were called were surrounded, for the traffic. National bank. with a of $1,000,000. posted a they not open their capital At would the Union doors. notice This that Marted a panic. and following quickly the Commercial National posted a similar notice, then the National Bank of Commerce. A run immediately started on all the other banks, though to no great extent upon the People's national. The First National appears in unexcondition, having over per of on hand. with a ceptionable cent. deposits addition private 69 fund million and a half in to it impossible to The Colorado their draw doors. of upon, a making National good. close The and others are equally mob money was The banks are several depositors. withdrawing paying all all small de- deon time that these remain manding mands. except certificates, until the expiration of the time. President J. A. Thatcher of the clearing house says: " am confident that to-day the worst of this and the people will see meeting to their senses. At a house last could not help all the of them have gone to I believe. have depositors, but what cided will of to All some the protect all of come we clearing them. ample security night unfortunately banks the we wall. and dethis time cash and not security is at a majority of the people are elamoring for.' the State National bank quite a run the At progress. The officers appear in is in humor and say they are confident weather the storm. was quiet at the a It is understood that in gold was received the doors opened this everything National. they best million of can Up there the morning. Colorado to half doors noon just before crowd of people is about was ruQuite a Denver National, and it but it of the run was in progress there, were mored a found that the men was soon Pacific employes simply getting work. Union cashou for last month's the board checks bank closed by order of at every "This is the notice posted Comof directors." to the National Bank of admit entrance The officers inside refuse to bank is merce. The condition of this statement outsiders. as it did not print a all the yesterday. not known. as was done by almost other banks. Union National closed its doors explain- this The and a notice was posted $1,000,000 morning that the bank had paid few out weeks and to ing depositors realized on in the securities last as rapidly as possible. had a but million not fast six enough. hundred approximately thousand It has securities and owes will be dollars It is all half a on securities, able to in full. It positors The Union bank's consist of National open again. million. realize will loans. be paid thought when closed expects it resources de- its The Commercial became evident from the doors when crowd it outside that a run was was size of inaugurated. the and a notice order of to posted, be "Closed for liquidation It has by a capital on the board of a of quarter directors. of a million. and only stock $2,000 cash the American hand. National numerous. bank small made depositors. At who has not a million dollars who handle run. and The deals bank largely with men capital The excitement large sums. money and continued demand unabated upon the at banks about after 'clock, when the it Utah subsided State until the banks except German National. where the depositors all National and the seemed to increase instead of diminshing. of the failure Just before the close. bank. the with a capital are of Mercantile Savings announced. Its assets $100,000. was to pay all liabilities. of in the time. First sufficient H. Moffett, president that the deposits at National D. bank. stated the day had greatly e drain his bank the during withdrawals. depositors Constant brought ceeded banks by scared is stated by bankers been about on the the crisis. less than It $8,000,000 in the last has three is drawn that not from of the this. banks at least $5,000,000 months. locked up in this city.


Article from Deseret Evening News, July 19, 1893

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The Denver Flurry. All manner of rumors and reports of private telegrams were in circulation on the streets today as to the status of financial affairs in Denver, which, as readers of last evening's and this morning's papers remember, culminated in considerable of a flurry yeaterday. Out of the conflicting and frequently absurd stories started, little of a reliable nature could be secured. This much, however, is authentic, coming direct from the scene of the trouble: "Reliable people say there will be no more suspensions." The run on the Denver National is over, with plenty of money still in sight. The same is true at the City and all other unfailed banks. Business men are beginning to breathe more freely. It is generally believed that the incendiary talk of the Colorado bi-metal. Hats at their recent meeting did much to precipitate the crisis which broke over them yesterday. Had they been more reasonable in their utterances they would have been able to com. mand help that would have carried them through any possible emergency swimmingly.


Article from Daily Kennebec Journal, July 20, 1893

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THE RUN BROKEN. Denver Bankers and Business Men Breathe Easier. Financial Sorrow Still Overtakes Concerns in Other Cities. Failures Reported Wednesday from Beston to the Pacific Coast. DENVER. Col., July 19.-The long-expected closing of the People's National Bank came about 11 o'clock when a notice was posted on the doors stating that the stringency of the money market was so severe that it was impossible for the concern to longer withstand the storm. The statement published the 12th showed that they had less than $60,000 cash on hand and the individual deposits subject to check, not counting any other, amounted to $210,000. The capital stock is $600,000. Later in the day, Tucker & Co., dealers in gentlemen's furnishing good. and the Peoples' Coal Co., assigned. This afternoon the run at the Denver National Bank was over, with an enormous amount of money still in sight. The same was true at the City and all other banks. Business men are beginning to breathe easier.


Article from The Seattle Post-Intelligencer, July 20, 1893

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DENVER BREATHES EASIER. The Bank Rune Ended-Three Institutions Closed Yesterday. DESVER, July 19.-The German National bank, the State National bank and the People's National bank suspended this morning. The run on the Denver National is over, with plenty of money still in sight. The same is true at the City and all other unfailed banks. Business men are beginning to breathe more freely. The run on the national banks had entirely subsided by noon, and at the closing hour there were not half a dozen people around any of these institutions. The weak banks have all been closed, and there can be little doubt of the soundness of the five banks that withstood the terrible storm of yesterday and today. J. A. Thatcher, president of the Denver National and also of the clearing house, this evening stated that he anticipated no more failures. The banks that had kept open through the clearing house were in good shape and showed that they were in excellent condition for the future. "I am confident that if the financial condition of the country brightens a little," he said, "the failed banks will all resume, and that every depositor will be paid dollar for dollar."


Article from Richmond Dispatch, July 20, 1893

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years' standing. and the equally reputable State National failed to open their doors for business this morning. Later the People's National failed. All night long depositors stood in line in front of the German National, and by 9 o'clock there was one long sea of faces stretching down the street. At the opposite corner. where the State Bank has long done business, there was also quite a crowd of anxious depositors await. ing the opening of the doors. Here the people were relieved of their agony at a few minutes after o'clock when a notice was posted on the door to the effect that the bank would not open, owing to the lack of ready cash, and the crowd moved away. At the German National there was evidently & determination to go ahead with business up to almost the last moment, when a slip of paper was pasted on the window stating that the doors would remain closed temporarily. Then the scene became distressing. Men and women down the long line broke out into tears and wailing. By this time there on bank 11) the city, and the announcement BOOD was a came run every that the Peo. ples' National Bank had closed its doors. The notice on its doors read: "This bank 18 closed by order of the Board of Directors. Net assets. $1,000,000; liabilities. $310,000." The assets and liabilities of the other two failed banks bear about the same proportions as those of the People's Bank. Their failure is chargeable to the longcontinued drain by depositors and 111ability to raise ready cash. All expect to resume shortly. Frank Adams, Bank Examiner. to-day took charge of the Union National, Commercial National, National Bank of Commerce, State National, and German National. This afternoon the run at the Denver National was over, with an enormous amount of money still in sight. The same was true at the City and all the other banks. and the business.men are beginning to breathe freer. There has been a considerable number of failures among business houses of all kinds within the past three days. caused by attachments taken out by banks which foresaw their suspension. Five national banks are still open. VARIETY OF EMBARRASSMENT. DENVER. COL. July 9.-Among the fail. ures that almost escaped notice was that of the Bank of North Denver yesterday afternoon. Business firms whose embarrassment has become known range from liquor-saloonstostreet.railroads. in the list drugstores. lumber companies, Thereare gentlemen's furnishing houses, milliners, coal companies, dry-goods houses, jewellers, ready-made-clothing dealers, tailors, and grocers. Two bank failures are reported at Aspen and one at Loveland Commercial failures are also reported from many points in the State outside of Denver. due principally to the fact that the sufferers deposited in Denver banks which have suspended. TROUBLE AT GREELY, GREELY, COL. July 19.-The Union Bank closed its doors at 1 P. M. to-dav. and a half hour later the Greely National pulled down its blinds and turned the key in its door. The Union's statement says that owing to the suspension of certain Denver national banks which had on deposit several thousand dollars of its money and the fact of a steady withdrawal of deposits-about $30,000 the past ninety days-they were compelled to suspend business. They say their liabilities are about $100,000 with assets and paid-up capital amounting to $300,000. As the fact of the suspension of these known a SOOD banks as became steady Bank, run but was it made on the First National continued to honor all checks and drafts, and even after the regular closing hour cashed two checks presented, Colorado Banks Assign.


Article from The Morning News, July 20, 1893

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DENVER'S CRAZY PANIC. Banks Worth Three Times What They Owe Forced to Close. Denver, July 19.-The panic was on in this city to-day with renewed vigor and as a result the old German National, with a reputation for stability of 20 years standing, and the equally reputable State National failed to open their doors for business this morning. Later the People's National failed. All night long depositors stood in the line in front of the German, and by 9 o'clock there was one long sea of faces stretching down the street. On the opposite corner, where the State Bank has so long done business, there was also quite a crowd of anxious depositors waiting for the opening of the doors. Here the people were relieved of their agony at a few minutes after 9 o'clock. when notice was posted to the offect that the bank would not open, owing to a lack of ready cash, and the crowd moved away. THE GEPMAN FAILS TO OPEN. At the German there was evidently a determination to go ahead with business up to almost the last moment, when a slip of paper was pasted on a window stating that the doors would remain closed temporarily. Then the scene became distressing. Men and women down the long line broke out in tears and wailing. By this time there was a run on every bank in the city, and soon came the announcement that the People's National bank had closed its doors. A notice on its doors read: "This bank is closed by order of the board of directors. The assets are $1,100,000, and the liabilities $310,000. THE OTHER BANKS CLSO SOLID. The assets and liabilities of the other two failed banks bear about the same proportion as the People's bank. Their failure is chargeable to a long continued drain by depositors and inability to raise ready cash. All expect to resume shortly. Frank Adams, bank examiner, to-day took charge of the Union National, Commercial National, National Bank of Commerco, State National and German National. This afternoon the run at the Denver National, was over, with an enormous amount of money still in sight. The same is true at the City and all the other banks and business men are beginning to breathe freer. There has been a considerable number of failures among business houses of all kinds within the last few days, caused by attachments taken out by banks who foresaw their suspension. Five national banks are still open. OTHER FAILURES. Among the failures that almost escaped notice was that of the Bank of North Denver yesterday afternoon. The business firms whose embarrassments became known range from liquor saloons to street railroads. There are in the list drug stores, lumber companies, gentlemen's furnishers, milliners, coal companies, dry goods houses, jewelers, ready-made clothing dealers, tailors and grocers. Two bank failues are reported at Aspen and one at Loveland. Commercial failures are also reported from many points in the state outside of Denver, due principally to the fact that the sufferers deposited in the Denver banks which have suspended. TWO CLOSE AT GREELEY. Greeley, Col., July 19.-The Union Bank closed its doors at p. m. to-day and a half hour later the Greeley National pulled down its blinds and turned the key in its door. The Union's statement says that owing to the suspension of certain Denver national banks which had on deposit several thousand dollars of its money, and the steady withdrawal of deposits, amounting to about $80,000 in the past ninety days, they were compelled to suspend business. They say their liabilities are about $100,000, with assets and paid up capital at $300,000. As soon as the fact of the suspension of these banks became known a steady run was made on the First National, but it continued to honor all checks and drafts, and even after the regular closing hour cashed two checks presented.


Article from The Daily Morning Astorian, July 20, 1893

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CURRENT CURRENCY COMMENT A Regular Monkey and Parrot Time in Denver. SENATOR TELLER'S LATEST TALK A Nephew of Leland Stanford Turns up in Idaho-Married to Suit Himself. Associated Press. Denver, July 19.-The panic in this city was resumed this morning with renewed vigor, and as a result the Old German National bank, with a reputation for stability of twenty years' standing, the equally reputable State National, and extremely strong Peoples' National, failed this morning. All night depositors stood in line in front of the German National, and by 9 o'clock there was a long sea of faces stretching down the street. At the opposite corner, where the State National has so long done business, was also a crowd of anxious depositors, Here people were relieved of doubts, when at 9 o'clock a notice was posted on the doors that the bank would not open, owing to the lack of ready cash At the German National, just before opening time, a notice was posted on the (window stating that the doors would be closed temporarily. This notice caused a distressing scene. Men and women down the long line, broke out in tears and wailing. A run on all the remaining banks in the city was renewed. Reliable people, however, say there will be no more suspensions. Bank Examiner Adams this morning took charge of the Union National, Commercial National, National Bank of Commerce, State National andGerman National banks. A number of minor commercial concerns went under today, The run on the Denver National is over, with plenty of money still in sight. The same is true of the City and all the other unfailed banks. Business men are beginning to breath more freely. Washington, July 19.-The comptroller of Currency has been advised that the Hutchinson National Bank of Hutchinson, Kan., has failed. Topeka, Kan, July 19.-The state bank commissioner has been informed of the failure of the State Bank of Parker, and Woodson's State Bank, of Yates Center. Both were small concerns. Washington, July 19.-The comptroller of currency is informed of the failure of the Bozeman National Bank, of Bozeman, Mont. Brooklyn, July 19.-The large carpet house of Hardenburg & Co. has assigned.


Article from The Salt Lake Herald, July 20, 1893

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IN THE BUSINESS WORLD. Senator Teller on a Repeal of the Sherman Law. CALIFORNIA SILVER MEN. A Meeting Held Which Is Addressed by Congressman Newlands. Free Expression of Opinion on the Subject of Silver Legislation-The General Sentiment That Western Congressmen Must Stand Together. DENVER, July 19.-The old German National bank, the State National and the People's National closed this morning, owing to a lack of ready cash. The run on other banks is continued, but no more failures are anticipated. President McNeill of the State National bank says his bank has paid out over $900,000 in the last thirty days, and declares that the assets are twice as large as liabilities. The cashier of the German National says inability to place securities and failure to call in loans caused the suspension of his bank. There has been a constant drain on the bank for sixty days and over $1,000,000 has been paid depositors. The bank expected $300,000 from the east this morning, but it failed to come. The bank's capital and surplus is $500,000. It expects to resume. Assets exceed greatly the liabilities. The People's National closed at 11 o'clock. The notice on the door said the stringency of the money market was too severe, and it was impossible to longer withstand the storm. The statement published on the 12th showed less than $60,000 cash, with deposits subject to check of $210,000. The capital of the bank is $600,000. Bank Examiner Adams this morning took charge of the Union National, Commercial National, National Bank of Commerce, State National, and German National. The run on the Denver National is over, with plenty of money still in sight. The same is true at the City and all other unfailed banks. Business men are beginning to breathe more freely. The run on national banks entirely subsided by noon and at the closing hour there was not half a dozen people around any of these institutions, and there can be but little doubt of the soundness of the banks that withstood the pressure yesterday and today. J. A. Thatcher, president of the Denver National, and also of the Clearing House, this evening stated that he anticipated no more failures. The banks that had kept open through the Clearing House were in good shape and showed that they were in excellent condition for the future. "Pm confident that if the financial condition of the country brightens a little,' he said, "the failed banks will all resume and that every depositor will be paid dollar for dollar."


Article from The Portland Daily Press, July 21, 1893

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Panic Over in Denver. DENVER, Col., July 20. - There will apparently be no more bank failures in Denver. The panic wore itself out yesterday with the failure of the People's, German and State National Banks. This morning when the First, Colorado, Denver, City and American Nationals opened their doors there was hardly a dozen depositors in all of them at the paying teller's windows. In the First and Colorado Nationals a long string of depositors reaching nearly to the street were lined up in front of the receiving tellers' windows, and the money was going back into the bank vaults almost as rapidly as it was withdrawn during the past three days. The German, State and People's Nationals could pay $3 for $1 if There they could realize on securities. may be a few commercial fallures in the city within the next few days, as a result of the of banks, but it is believed that in no instance, a or a commercial failure be and banking suspension complete, that house, resumption whether will the of business will surely follow shortly. It is stated today that the McNamara dry goods house, which failed Monday for $260,000, have settled with their principal creditors and will resume business on Monday. Run On Banks in Greeley, Col. GREELEY, Col., July 20.-The Union Bank closed its doors at 1p. m. yesterday, and half an hour later the Greeley National pulled down its blinds and turned the key in its door. The Union's statement says that owing to the suspen sion of certain Denver National banks, which had on deposit several thousand dollars of its money, and the fact that there was a steady withdrawal of deposits, about $80,000 in the past 90 days, they were compelled to suspend business. They say their liabilities are about $100,000, with assets and paid up capital $300,000. As soon as the fact of the suspension ot these banks became known a steady run was made on the First National, but it continued to honor all checks and drafts, and even after the regular closing hours cashed two checks presented. On Change in Gotham. NEW YORK, July 20.-There was a sensational decline in general electric securities in the stock exchange after midday. The stocks broke 46 1-2, against 55 3-4 early, the debenture fives sold down to 74 regular. The stock| 1 is absolutely without support and the same crowd in the stock exchange which has been prominent in breaking the stock from 100 down, were conspicuous in today's movement. There were heavy liquidations, holders being unable to stand the pressure any longer. One report was that the company had lost a suit at the West, involving an incandescent lamp patent. Other rumors affeeting the property were of a highly sensational character and up to a late hour this afternoon had not been traced to any authentic source. New Hampshire Bank Enjoined. FARMINGTON, N. H., July 20.-The Farmington Savings bank was enjoined from doing business this afternoon upon the petition of the bank commissioners because of the inability of the institution to realize on its assets, the uneasiness of depositors caused by losses on investments and to prevent a run on the bank. This Plant Cost $1,000,000. SAN FRANCISCO, July 20.-Attachments aggregating several thousand dollars have been filed against the Union Stock Yards company whose packing establishment is at Rodoe, Contra Costa county. The immense,plant, it is said, has practically shut down. The plant cost $1,000,000 and was started May 15. Money Is Tight and the Distillery Closed. FRANKFORT, N. Y., July 20.-A sensation was caused in business circles here today by the assignment of Col. E. H. The Taylor, Jr.. the famous distiller. liabilities are not given out. It is said they are far exceeded by assets. The tightness of the money market caured the assignment.


Article from Tombstone Epitaph, July 23, 1893

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The great smelter at Chihuahua, and the Santa Eulalia mines, for which it was recently built, has shut down to await a rise in the price of silver. Four hundred and eighty-five thousand ounces of silver and forty thousand Mexican dollars will be shipped to Europe tomorrow. The total earnings of the Denver & Rio Grande for the "second week in July amount to $114,700, which is a decrease from the earnings for the same week last year of $54,400. The run at the Denver National is over, with an enormous amount of money still in sight. The same is true at the City and other National banks and business men are beginning to breathe freely. Four hundred and fifty-four thousand ounces of silver were offered for sale to the treasury department yesteaday at prices ranging from 71.50 to 73. 75,000 ounces were purchased at $071.50, the balance being declined and the same rate tendered. This makes the total purchases of silver for the month thus far 1,023,000 ounces.


Article from River Falls Journal, July 27, 1893

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WILL AID THE BANKS. Comptroller Eckels Will Do All in His Power to Help Embarrassed But Reputable Banks to Resume-The Flurry in Denver About Over. WASHINGTON, July 21.-Comptroller Eckles has sent a dispatch to Bank Examiner Adams at Denver in which he said, in effect, that he would give every possible aid to the banks of that city, and would grant to them sufficient time to enable them to not only collect such amounts as are speedily collectable, but to get together such amounts of money as will enable them to open upon a small basis. The comptroller also said: "It seems to me that such citizens as have. by a foolish course of conduct in withdrawing deposits from banks which so long enjoyed their complete confidence, brought about this condition, ought, in view of the damage they have done their city, as quickly as possible to repair it by standing ready to deposit with them.' Referring to his action the comptroller said the failures in Denver, like a number of other national bank failures, were caused by no fault of the bank officials, but through a foolish and uncalled-for lack of confidence on the part of depositors. He continued: "It is my Intention where a bank has been properly conducted and whose assets under or dinary circumstances would have permitted it to remain solvent, to give the institution every opportunity to resume business. All the Denver banks that failed were well conducted, and every opportunity will be given them to reopen. The people who have caused the Denver disaster by foolish runs should do all they can to help the banks resume." "What is true regarding Denver applies with equal force to banks in other portions of the west where suspension has not resulted from reckless investments or bad managemento the part of officers. Wherever the citizens of a place have precipitated trouble by*instituting a run upon long-established and well-conducted institutions it is but just that they should take hold and assist these banks by redepositing with them, thus placing them in A position to resume their business on a sound financial basis. Wherever possible and advisable the most trusted employes of suspended banking institutions are to be retained by the bank examiners in the interests of the creditors and stockholders, so that every possible means of realizing on the absets of the institution may be accomplished. Instructions to the examiners. however, are to the effect that only in cases of reputable, -established banks are these conditions to be imposed, and no wild-cat institutions or methods will be sanctioned by this office." DENVER, Col., July 21.-There will be no more bank failures in Denver. The panie wore itself out Wednesday with the failure of the People's, German and State national banks. This morning when the First, the Colorado, Denver, City and American nationals opened their doors there was hardly a dozen depositors in all of them at the paying teller's window. In the First and the Colorado nationals a long string of depositors reaching nearly to the street were lined up in front of the receiving teller's windows, and the money was going back into the bank vaults almost as rapidly as it was withdrawn during the past three days. The German, State and People's nationals could pay $3 for $1 if they could realize on securities. Bank Examiner Adams has received a dispatch from Comptroller Eckels which has gone far toward restoring confidence. The officers of the several closed banks all notify the public that they will be able to pay every cent due to customers. But in some cases it will take time to realize on securities. It is learned that heavy withdrawals have been made from several of the banks during the last few months, which would indicate that some of the farseeing anticipated the trouble. It is noticeable that very few of the merchants or business men of the city withdrew their deposits, the runs being made principally by the working pec ple and poorer classes of customers. There may be a few commercial failures in the city within the next few days as a result of the suspension of banks, but it is believed that in no instance, whether a banking or commercial house, will the failure be complete. A resumption of business will surely follow shortly. It is stated that the McNamara dry goods house, which failed Monday for $260,000, have settled with their principal creditors and will resume business Monday. The Flanders dry goods house, occupying premises of five store fronts and five stories high on Sixteenth street, was attached by H. F. Bradley, of Boulder, Col., for $24,000. There is no definite statement of the condition of the firm yet available. Competent judges place the assets at $200,000 with liabilities at $125,000. The failure was caused by the suspension of the People's national bank, to which $25,000 was due. The Union bank of Greeley has closed, with liabilities of $100,000 and assets of $300,000. The Greeley national bank also suspended, but has made no statement. The failures are attributed to the Denver troubles. The Bank of Loveland, at Loveland, Col., has closed its doors, having been caught by the general depression. President Benson, of the bank, assures depositors they will be paid in full. Word has reached here that the First national banks at Canon City and Grand Junction, in this state, failed to open their doors. There are as yet no particulars, but probably the failures were caused by the suspension of Denver banks. The banking house of J. B. Wheeler City and Manitou