1270. Commercial National Bank (Denver, CO)

Bank Information

Episode Type: Run → Suspension → Closure
Bank Type: national
Bank ID: 4113
Charter Number: 4113
Start Date: July 18, 1893
Location: Denver, Colorado (39.739, -104.985)

Metadata

Model: gpt-5-mini
Short Digest: c33d43f3

Response Measures

Full suspension, Books examined

Other: Later (Oct 27, 1893) the Commercial National was placed in receivership; indictments and fraud allegations appear in 1896.

Description

Multiple contemporaneous newspaper accounts report a panic and runs on Denver banks beginning July 18, 1893. The Commercial National posted notice and suspended on July 18 (run-induced suspension). Papers later report efforts/permission to resume in late August/early September 1893, but the bank was placed in receivership on 1893-10-27. Thus the run led to suspension and eventual closure/receivership.

Events (4)

1. July 18, 1893 Run

Cause: Local Banks
Cause Details: Panic following closures/suspensions of other Denver banks (Union National, National Bank of Commerce, failures of savings banks) triggered heavy withdrawals on Commercial National.
Measures: Posted notice of suspension/closed doors; refused to open at morning business hour.
Newspaper Excerpt: The Commercial National posted a similar notice, and then the National Bank of Commerce ... a run was now in progress on every bank in the city.
Source: newspapers

2. July 18, 1893 Suspension

Cause: Local Banks
Cause Details: Forced to suspend because of heavy demands from depositors during the citywide panic and preceding failures/attachments affecting local firms and banks.
Newspaper Excerpt: Three national banks ... failed to open their doors this morning and notices of their suspension were posted outside the doors of these institutions.
Source: newspapers

3. August 30, 1893 Reopening

Newspaper Excerpt: The Commercial, the only remaining national bank which closed during the recent flurry, will probably open before the end of the week. ... The Commercial National will resume in a few days (reports Aug-Sep 1893).
Source: newspapers

4. October 27, 1893 Receivership

Newspaper Excerpt: The Commercial National bank, C. L. Dow, president, was to-day placed in the hands of a receiver. Frank Adams, bank examiner, was appointed to the position.
Source: newspapers

Newspaper Articles (24)

1. July 18, 1893 Santa Fe Daily New Mexican Santa Fe., Santa Fe, NM

Article from Santa Fe Daily New Mexican, July 18, 1893

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-:-BRIEF WIRINGS-:DENVER CRASHES. Three National Banks Go Under-The Sheriff Busy. Special to the New Mexican. DENVER, July 18.-Three national banks, namely the Union National, the National Bank of Commerce and the Commercial National, failed to open their doors this morning and notices of their suspension were posted outside the doors of these institutions. This caused wide-spread consternation and fear, and as a result there is a frantic rush toward the other banks and a run is now in progress on every bank in the city. The greatest of excitement prevails and this is intensified by the announcement of the suspension of the McNamara Dry Goods company, one of the oldest and largest houses in the city. The immense stock of this house was attached ist night at midnight by the sheriff for the Union National bank on a debt of $65,000 and by noon to-day the attachments amount to about $275,000, creditors coming in rapidly and filing attachments in regular succession. Several small firms have made assignments this forenoon and the sheriff is kept busy serving writs of attachments. The wealthiest and most level headed men in the city predict an end of this panic and crash before night, but at noon and this afternoon excitement is still at fever heat and more failures are expected.

2. July 19, 1893 The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer Wheeling, WV

Article from The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer, July 19, 1893

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of the The failure the masses, vesterday located clearing of were each four other blocks within the the far and into streets surrounded, and until speofficers crowd gathered to the out were clear called police the for way Union truffic. 10o'clock a of with 000,000, capital National, not that they would notico posted the This their doors. startod the and Comno quickly National follow posted.ru of the Bank inercial then National and "Where asked: people on all started other Peoples run was banks, immediately thouNational to no groat The dest of of the extent National upon the having over appear to be with 60 per a private cent draw upon. First they on handdition close their doors. their all, deposits $1,500,000 impossible in National as others The mob fund of making The it Colorado are in are thdrawing equally their money deposit let being all small satisfied to in their holdor main banks. Accounts all ox. are The banks paying demandand time they rtificates, demand. the ing these until ing that expira remain As bank every crowded is no as rendering combeing tion clearing time. Institution the meeting it was sistance, stand each alone. house last and night gome pelled of the clearing to help banks, of which decided of them not went National Bank, quite a run is men Altho Stato is for of their in progrous a in large line waiting can get their ap. pear and women are 80 they of the bank and come officers of humor are say they storm. o'clock money. turn to to Confident The the best they can weather was overything National. of the "This bank of is board directors, to the at every entrance National the quiet Up at the 12 Colorado is closed by notice order posted Bank of of which Governor Commerce, is The offiCooper president. of but no amount been sufficers Job A. are indentraty or has to gain admis- is not pounding cient for newspaper condition men of public, as this bank vester offiThe the general statement of the banks cere day, was done City sion. known did to not print by a almost all National to other John R Hanna, they of felt the the any body. as selves $40,000 east Bank said good that condition borrowed in gold The be in bank as recently and is paying from this morning. the the deposite such and Several of deposits this putting can made large of bank the have at are hand and runs ac- on the bank spare. sums friends Those they are those who are who making have small posted had a counts Union National that Bank the bank 000 to notice approxime few The explaining mately $1,000, weeks. The had on realized it but paid out in the stated last that the rapidly bank as that notice depositor further its securities was not as fast enough in to suit possible, depositors. and owes that the bank securities It is thought upon been its socur paid in $500,000. will be able depositors realize have to realize. again Commercial when all The bank BOOD expects as can bank post- for notice: for full. business as National "Closed of diboard ed The the following by order of the in bad shape. only liquidation The bank $250,000 was and had jcan rectors. It has cash in of the rushed bank to the Amer and $2,000 in depositors bank this morning The has than Small National out their deposits. less sidall depositors capital. as city, began American to draw National any bank other of its dealing handled The $1,000,000. in the with who ot the who have been largely vico president and had to the big money. said that those thoso who paid The grocera depositors draw butchers money are with checks bank in person to in private a with noon. money Mercantile capital Bank, stock a of The $100,- fail. of the stitution, its doors at failure which 000, closed caused by Bank, the through audi F. ure was Union National O.C. Girda, Robinson the clip Pub- fortor.is cleared. president of W. the Republican oldest and been merly tishing treasurer Company, dividuals one of the in the state, and exeitement upon the respected made the assignee demands banks after una money continued it about al when o'clock all the banks the bated entirely until subsided State National line and of deseemed to increaso is bank National, Utah where the instead of to underato from way City reach here early special This bearing train on $400.000 the and that ved First little National after closing Bank 1 o'clock hour. recei This and money Moffatt President New nt the York. for Icua, bullion he the before the of close, failure Savings with Bank, Its $100,000, the hour dozen people hardly half the institutions except First president of the

3. July 19, 1893 The Times Richmond, VA

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UNPRECEDENTED SCENE. Four More Bank Failures Added to Denver's List. DENVER, COL., July 18.-No such a scene was ever witnessed in all the West as could be seen here this morning shortly after 10 o'clock, when the banks were supposed to open their doors for business. The failure of three savings banks yesterday had affected the masses as the smell of blood would wolves, and at the hour of opening the streets were crowded with anxious depositors. The eleven clearing house banks, located within four blocks of each other, were surrounded, and far into the streets the crowds gathered until policement were called out to clear the way for traffic. At 10 o'clock the Union National, with a capital of $1,000,000, posted a notice that they would not open their doors. This started the panic, and the Commercial National posted a similar notice, and then the National Bank of Commerce

4. July 19, 1893 The Daily Morning Astorian Astoria, OR

Article from The Daily Morning Astorian, July 19, 1893

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SEVERE RUN ON DENVER BANKS Several of Them Compelled to Close Their Doors. SMALL DEPOSITORS EXOILED And Entirely Responsible for the Condition of Affairs-The Worst Thought to Be Over. au Associated Press. Alter Denver, July 18.-No None was ever witnessed here before like that of this morning. shortly after the hour when the banks opened for business. The failure three savings banks yesterday had excited the masses, and at the hour of opening the streets were crowded with anxious depositors, The eleven clearing house banks, located within four blocks of each other, were surrounded, and far into the streets the crowd gathered until the police were called to clear a way for traffic. At 10 the Union National, with a capital of $1,000,000, posted a notice that they would not open their doors. This started a panic, and following quickly the Commercial National posted a similar notice, and then the National Bank of Commerce A run was immediately started on all the other banks, although to no great extent upon the Peoples' National. The First National appears in unexceptionable conditon, having over sixty per cent of its deposits on hand, with a private fund of a million and a half in addition to draw upon, making it impossible to close their doors. The Colorado National and several others are equally good. The mob wthdrawing money are all small depositors. The banks are paying all demands except time certificates, der manding that these remain until the expiration of their time. President J. A. Thatcher, of the clearing house, says: "I am confident today will see the worst of this, and that the people will come to their senses." Denver, July 18.-The Mercantile Bank, a private institution, with a capital of $100,000, failed at noon. The failure was caused by that of the Union National, through which it cleared. Denver, Col., July 18.-The Union National Bank has closed. It has a capital of a million dollars. No statement has been made as yet. A run is now being made on the City National, German National, First National, Colorado, National, and all of the eleven clearing house banks. A veritable panic is on. Denver, July 18-The Commercial National Bank has closed its doors. Denver, July 18.-The National Bank of Commerce has closed. Topeka, July 18.-State Bank Eyaminer Briedenthal this morning received notice of the failure of the Citizens' Bank at Kansas City, Kas., the Bank of Richmond and the Farmers' and Merchants' Bank of Ossawattomie. The concerns are all sma.1. No statements have been male. Other similar failures throughout the state are expected Fort Scott, Kan., July 18.-The First National Bank, the oldest financial institution in this part cf the State, has failed. Toledo, Ohio, July 18.-The Citizens' Bank of Ada, the mose prominent bank in Hardin county, failed this morning. No statement hss as yet been made.

5. July 20, 1893 The Morning News Savannah, GA

Article from The Morning News, July 20, 1893

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DENVER'S CRAZY PANIC. Banks Worth Three Times What They Owe Forced to Close. Denver, July 19.-The panic was on in this city to-day with renewed vigor and as a result the old German National, with a reputation for stability of 20 years standing, and the equally reputable State National failed to open their doors for business this morning. Later the People's National failed. All night long depositors stood in the line in front of the German, and by 9 o'clock there was one long sea of faces stretching down the street. On the opposite corner, where the State Bank has so long done business, there was also quite a crowd of anxious depositors waiting for the opening of the doors. Here the people were relieved of their agony at a few minutes after 9 o'clock. when notice was posted to the offect that the bank would not open, owing to a lack of ready cash, and the crowd moved away. THE GEPMAN FAILS TO OPEN. At the German there was evidently a determination to go ahead with business up to almost the last moment, when a slip of paper was pasted on a window stating that the doors would remain closed temporarily. Then the scene became distressing. Men and women down the long line broke out in tears and wailing. By this time there was a run on every bank in the city, and soon came the announcement that the People's National bank had closed its doors. A notice on its doors read: "This bank is closed by order of the board of directors. The assets are $1,100,000, and the liabilities $310,000. THE OTHER BANKS CLSO SOLID. The assets and liabilities of the other two failed banks bear about the same proportion as the People's bank. Their failure is chargeable to a long continued drain by depositors and inability to raise ready cash. All expect to resume shortly. Frank Adams, bank examiner, to-day took charge of the Union National, Commercial National, National Bank of Commerco, State National and German National. This afternoon the run at the Denver National, was over, with an enormous amount of money still in sight. The same is true at the City and all the other banks and business men are beginning to breathe freer. There has been a considerable number of failures among business houses of all kinds within the last few days, caused by attachments taken out by banks who foresaw their suspension. Five national banks are still open. OTHER FAILURES. Among the failures that almost escaped notice was that of the Bank of North Denver yesterday afternoon. The business firms whose embarrassments became known range from liquor saloons to street railroads. There are in the list drug stores, lumber companies, gentlemen's furnishers, milliners, coal companies, dry goods houses, jewelers, ready-made clothing dealers, tailors and grocers. Two bank failues are reported at Aspen and one at Loveland. Commercial failures are also reported from many points in the state outside of Denver, due principally to the fact that the sufferers deposited in the Denver banks which have suspended. TWO CLOSE AT GREELEY. Greeley, Col., July 19.-The Union Bank closed its doors at p. m. to-day and a half hour later the Greeley National pulled down its blinds and turned the key in its door. The Union's statement says that owing to the suspension of certain Denver national banks which had on deposit several thousand dollars of its money, and the steady withdrawal of deposits, amounting to about $80,000 in the past ninety days, they were compelled to suspend business. They say their liabilities are about $100,000, with assets and paid up capital at $300,000. As soon as the fact of the suspension of these banks became known a steady run was made on the First National, but it continued to honor all checks and drafts, and even after the regular closing hour cashed two checks presented.

6. July 20, 1893 The Sauk Centre Herald Sauk Centre, MN

Article from The Sauk Centre Herald, July 20, 1893

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PANIC AT DENVER Three More National Banks There Forced to Make Assign ments. Depositors at the Remaining Banks Wildly Clamoring For Their Money. Suspension of a Big Dry Goods House Adds to the Intense Excitement. DENVER, July 19.-Never in the history of commercial and mercantile life in the Rocky mountains has such a state of financial affairs existed as now prevails in Denver and throughout Colorado. It was hoped that the banks that had weathered Monday's financial storm would be in such a position as to cope with all the demands made upon them by depositors. This hope was dissipated by the announcement in quick succession of the failure of the National Bank of Commerce, the Union National bank and the Commercial National bank. In the attending excitement it is almost impossible to ascertain the assets and liabilities of each bank, and this information may not be given out until later in the day. Depositors Panic-Stricken. The depositors in the different banks have become almost completely panicstricken and long lines of people are pushing and crowding each other in order to get to the paying teller's windows of the dozen remaining banks that they may secure their money on deposit. To add to the excitement the failure of the McNamara Dry company, with liabilities of $260,000 was announced. The amount of assets is not stated but it is believed they will more than equal the liabilities. The failure was precipitated by the filing of an attachment for $71,780 in favor of the Union National bank. This attachment was served at 1 o'clock a. m. and shortly before business hours another attachment for $20,846.74 in favor of the Colorado National bank was served upon the company and the doors were closed. The dry goods company had a large amount of money outstanding on credit and on account of the stringency of the money market was unable to collect from country customers and thereby make their credit good at different banks. Claim to Be Sound. The First National bank appears to be on the best footing of all the banks. It claims to have on hand over 60 per cent of its deposits and to have a private fund of $1,500,000 in addition to draw upon, making it impossible for any demand to go unattended. The Colorado National bank and several others claim to be equally well fortified against any run. Over 90 per cent of the people who are clamoring for their money are small depositors. The large holders express confidence in the ability of the banks to successfully ride the storm. As every bank is crowded the clearing house is rendering no assistance and each bank is compelled to stand on its own resources. Believe the Worst Over. In an interview at noon President John A. Thatcher, of the clearing house association, said: "I am confident that the worst of this is over and people will soon come to their senses. At the meeting of the clearing house we decided that we could not help the banks and so some of them have gone to the wall. All of them, I believe, have ample security to protect all depositors, but unfortunately at this time cash and not security is what the majority of the people are clamoring for." Up to 12 o'clock everything was comparativaly quite at the Colorado National bank. It is stated that the bank received nearly half a million dollars in gold just before the opening hour. At the National Bank of Commerce every entrance has the following placard: "This bank is closed by order of the board of directors." The doors are locked and no one is allowed to enter. At 1:30 no additional failures had been announced, but the feeling was still of a panicky nature.

7. July 21, 1893 Oakes Weekly Republican Oakes, ND

Article from Oakes Weekly Republican, July 21, 1893

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BUSTED BANKS Seven Bad Fallares III Two Days at Denver. DENVER. July 18. --Commercial - circles are greatly excited over the failure of three banks in this city during the day. The banks constituting the triple failure are the Colorado Savings bank; the People's Savings bank and the Rocky Mountain Dime and Dollar Savings bank. An estimate of the total assets are $1,500,000 and liabilities are placed at nearly that amount. Charles H. Blakeney was made assignee of the Rocky Mountain Dime and Dollar Savings bank. DENVER, July 19.--Three national banks, the Union National. the Coinmercial National and the National Bank of Commerce, closed their doors during the morning, owing to the heavy demands of excited depositors. The Mercantile bank, a small institution doing business in the Mining Exchange building, also suspended, owing to to the close of the Union Bank, through which its clearances were made. Mercantile vallures. In addition to the bank failures the following firms went to the wall during the day: McNamara Dry Goods company; M. S. Noah. installment furniture dealer: Albert Nelson, restaurant; John Mouatt Lumber company; Luther J. Wygant, tiles and grates; Evans-Littlefield Confectionary company; "The Hub," general merchandise; Hyman & Cohen, shoe dealors, and McHiver & Drip, mantels and tiles.

8. July 21, 1893 Vermont Phœnix Brattleboro, Bellows Falls, Ludlow, VT

Article from Vermont Phœnix, July 21, 1893

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The Week in Business Circles. The commercial agencies report improvement in the business situation, but there are many indications that the storm is not over. The Amoskeag mills at Manchester, N. H., will be shut down during August on account of the congested condition of the market, and 8000 hands will be thrown out of employment. The iron mill operatives and representatives of the amalgamated association have failed to reach an agreement in Pittsburg, Pa., and in the meantime 40,000 workmen in Pennsylvania and Ohio are idle. The property of the Schleisinger syndicate, controlling a dozen large mines in northern Michigan and Wisconsin has been attached. The suspension of the Kansas City national bank of Kansas City, Mo., which had a capital of $1,000,000, caused a dozen other banks in Kansas City and in other places in Kansas to go to the wall. Six large building and loan associations of St. Louis transferred their property Monday. The greatest excitement has been at Denver, Col., where eight banks closed their doors. The People's savings bank, the Rocky Mountain Dime and Dollar and the Colorado savings banks went down Monday. The National bank of Commerce, Commercial national and Union national were unable to meet the demands of depositors Tuesday, and Wednesday the People's national and the German national were also obliged to cease business. The streets of Denver were filled with excited throngs, and special policemen had to be called out for service in the vicinity of the banks. Great indignation was expressed against Gov. Waite, the Populist, it being alleged that his unguarded remarks at the silver convention were the indirect cause of the failures. If the financial situation in other parts of the country brightens, it is hoped that the Denver banks will be able to resume business.

9. July 27, 1893 The Middleburgh Post Middleburg, PA

Article from The Middleburgh Post, July 27, 1893

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# CASH WANTED AT DENVER. Security Plentiful, But Unsatisfactory Only a Temporary Panic. Three national banks-the Union National, the Commercial National and the National Bank of Commerce-closed their doors at Denver. Col., owing to the heavy demands of excited depositors. The 'clamor was mostly confined to small depos- itors, the larger ones expressing confidence in the banks' ability to pay in full. The Mercantile bank, a small private institution doing business in the Mining Exchange building, also suspended, owing to the close of the Union bank, through which its clearances were made. The liabilities are stated at $100,000. The suspension of three savings banks on Monday so alarmet the community that at 10 o'clock Tuesday morning, the hour for opening the banks, crowds had gathered in front of nearly all of the financial institu- tions. The streets were full of people dis- cussing the situation. It was an orderly crowd, however, and there was much sens- ible and conservative talk.

10. July 28, 1893 Shenandoah Herald Woodstock, VA

Article from Shenandoah Herald, July 28, 1893

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South and West. AT Denver. Col.. the People's Savings, the e Rocky Mountain Dime and Dollar and the I Colorado Savings Banks have closed their e doors. At Kansas City, Mo., the Missouri National Bank has suspended payment: also 1 the Grand Avenue Bank, a private institu: tion. The assets are $200,000; liabilities, $140,000. l FOUR people were killed and several injured in a collision between a Grand Trunk train and a horse car in Chicago, III. THE foreign exhibitors at the World's e Fair are getting ready to file claims against the National Government for damages, claims to the amount of $400,000 having already been prepared. THE First National Bank at Cedartown. Ga., closed its doors. The suspension was caused by inability to realize at once on collaterals. SECRETARY MOHLER has issued a statement saying that if the conditions continue favorable Kansas will have the largest corn crop in the State's history, with the exception of that of 1889. Miss EMMA GARRETT. of Philadelphia, who with her sister, Miss Mary 8. Garrett, had charge of the Pennsylvania blind children's exhibit at the World's Fair, committed suieide by leaping from a window at the Briggs House, THREE Denver (Col.) National banks-the Union National, the Commercial National and the National Bank of Commerce-closed their doors, owing to the heavy demands of excited depositors. The Mercantile Bank, a small private institution. also suspended, owing to the closing of the Union Bank. URUGUAY'S exhibition in the Agriculture Building, World's Fair. was thrown open to the public view, and was visited by large crowds. THE drouth, which exten led over an area of 40,000 square miles in Western Texas, has been broken by good rains. AT Denver, Col., the German, State and People's National Banks closed their doors to forestall the heavy demands that it was evident would be made. The list of closed banks in Denver is now thirteen. of which six are National, five savings and two private institutions. Two men were mortally wounded and on? instantly killed in a pitched battle between tramps and citizens near Sheffield, Ind. AT Green Bay, Wis., Rear-Admiral Melancton Smith. United States Navy, died after a two-days' illness. He was born in New York City, May 24, 1810, and entered the navy as 8 midshipman at the age of sixteen. THE Brazilian Building was dedicated at the World's Fair. THE Commissioners of Agriculture of the Southern States, in session at Atlanta, passed a resolution calling for the adoption of a uniform system of control and regulation of the manufacture and sale of commercial fertilizer. SWEDEN'S day at the World's Fair was celebrated by a big procession and a concert: Columbia's Building was opened on the same day. A NUMBER of striking miners, with their wives, attacked the strip pit miners in one of the mines near Weir City, Kan. A fierce fight ensued, in which clubs and firearms were used. About 100 shots were fired and a number on both sides were injured. No one was killed. IT is estimated that ten thousand persons in Denver, Col., and twenty thousand out. side of it have been thrown out of work by the cessation of silver mining. They are in great distress.

11. July 28, 1893 Fisherman & Farmer Elizabeth City, Edenton, NC

Article from Fisherman & Farmer, July 28, 1893

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12. July 29, 1893 Morning Journal and Courier New Haven, CT

Article from Morning Journal and Courier, July 29, 1893

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Bank Resumption in Denver. DENVER, July 28.-The signatures to the special plan suggested by Comptroller Eckels are coming in rapidly from depositors in the suspended banks of this city. The State National's depositors representing over $100,000 have signed, and a great many have yet to be heard from. The National Bank of Commerce has received the signatures of depositors representing about $100,000, the German National for between $150,000 and $200,000, and the Commercial National's signatures for about $50,000.

13. August 2, 1893 The Abbeville Press and Banner Abbeville, SC

Article from The Abbeville Press and Banner, August 2, 1893

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LATER NEWS. A DINNER was given in honor of James H. Eckels, Controller of the Currency, at the Union League Club, New York City. THE corner stone of the Odd Fellows' Temple, which will cost $1,000,000, was laid at Philadelphia, Penn., with impressive ceremonies. MISS EMMA GABRETT, of Philadelphia, who with her sister, Miss Mary S. Garrett, had charge of the Pennsylvania blind children's exhibit at the World's Fair, committed suicide by leaping from a window at the Briggs House. THREE Denver (Col.) National banks-the Union National, the Commercial National and the National Bank of Commerce-closed their doors, owing to the heavy demands of excited depositors. The Mercantile Bank, a small private institution, also suspended, owing to the closing of the Union Bank. URUGUAY'S exhibition in the Agriculture Building, World's Fair. was thrown open to the public view, and was visited by large crowds. IT was reported that the warship Mohican was disabled on June 25 by a shot from the seal-poaching steamer Alexandria passing through her machinery; the story was discredited in Washington. THE Navy Department formally accepted the cruiser Detroit and authorized the payment to the builders of reserved funds amounting to about $225,000. IN the court-martial of the officers of the Victoria, at Valetta, Malta, Flag-Lieutenant Gilltord and Staff-Commander HawkinsSmith-testified that Vice-Admiral Tryon said immediately after the Camperdown struck the Victoria, "It was all my fault." BRIGANDS raided the village of Lipkaey, Bukowina. The villagers killed five of them and wounded several more. The villagers were finally routed and the place looted. PRESIDENT CLEVELAND returned to Gray Gables, Buzzard's Bay, Mass., from his fishing trip; he said that his health was splendid and that his rheumatic trouble had left him. FIRE on the dairy farm near Carteret, N. J., occupied by Thomas Stugg destroyed buildings covering seven acres, and caused a loss of about $30,000. THE drouth, which extended over an area of 40,000 square miles in Western Texas, has been broken by good rains. AT Denver, Col., the German, State and People's National Banks closed their doors to forestall the heavy demands that it was evident would be made. The list of closed banks in Denver is now thirteen, of which six are National, five savings and two private institutions. Two men were mortally wounded and one instantly killed in a pitched battle between tramps and citizens near Sheffield, Ind. AT Green Bay, Wis., Rear-Admiral Melancton Smith, United States Navy, died after a two-days' illness. He was born in New York City, May 24, 1810, and entered the navy as a midshipman at the age of sixteen. THE Brazilian Building was dedicated at the World's Fair. THE manufacture of the new army rifle (the Krag-Jorgensen) is being pressed vigorously, and a large number of special cutters and sharpers have already been procured. It is believed that the first lot of completed arms will be ready for delivery and issue to the service about September 1. FRANCE sent an ultimatum to Siam giving her forty-eight hours in which to comply with her demands. REAR ADMIRAL MARKHAM, in his testimony before the Malta court martial, said that Sir George Tryon's command was impossible to follow with safety.

14. August 28, 1893 Evening Star Washington, DC

Article from Evening Star, August 28, 1893

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CONTROLLER ECKELS BUSY. Many Suspended Banks Want to Resume Business. The controller of the currency was a busy man today. President Laws of the People's National Bank of Denver, Col., which recently resumed, applied, on behalf of that bank, for authority to absorb the assets of the People's Savings Bank of that city. The controller reserved his decision. Prestdent Dow of the Commercial National Bank of Denver, and President Walters of the First National Bank of Birmingham, Ala., applied to the controller today for authority to reopen those banks. The controller has authorized the City National Bank and the Merchants' National Bank of Louisville, Ky., to resume business September 1. The only bad news received by the controller today was the suspension of the First National Bank of York, Neb.

15. August 30, 1893 Evening Star Washington, DC

Article from Evening Star, August 30, 1893

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SIGNS OF BETTER TIMES. Bank Deposits Increase and Mills Resume Operations. KANSAS CITY, Aug. 30.-Business men and bankers are unanimous in their opinion that the low point in the present financial depression has been reached by Kansas City, and that the upward movement has begun. Bank presidents estimate that the banks have gained $2,000,000 in deposits since the run in July. DENVER, Aug. 30.-The State National Bank will probably open its doors today, having had the permission of the controller for several days. The Commercial, the only remaining national bank which closed during the recent flurry, will probably open before the end of the week. The German National resumed yesterday. The Union Bank at Greeley, Col., also opened for business yesterday. ST. PAUL, Minn., Aug. 30.-The Walter A. Wood Harvester Works will start up in a few days. Work will be provided for between 1,500 and 2,000 men. ST. LOUIS, Mo., Aug. 30.-The St. Louis Stamping Company resumed operations yesterday, after an idleness of several weeks. Mr. W. F. Neidringhaus, the proprietor, has agreed to sign the amalgamated scale. Tomorrow 2,000 men will be at work. The importance of the resumption will be understood when it is known that 10,000 persons will be directly or indirectly affected by it. LEAVENWORTH, Kan., Aug. 30.-At a general mass meeting of the striking coal miners held yesterday it was decided by an almost unanimous vote to declare the struggle at an end and return to work at the old scale. It is expected that all the. mines will soon be in full operation.

16. August 31, 1893 Delaware Gazette and State Journal Wilmington, DE

Article from Delaware Gazette and State Journal, August 31, 1893

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United Press Dispatch by Special Wires. DENVER, CoL., Aug. 30.-The State National Bank will probably open its doors for business, to-day, having had the permission of the comptroller for several days. The Commercial, the only remaining national bank which closed during the recent flurry, will probably open between now and theend of the week. The German National resumed yesterday. The Union Bank at Greeley, Col. also opened for business yesterday. THE UPWARD MOVEMENT HAS BEGUN. KANSAS CITY, Mo., Aug. 30.-Business men and bankers are unanimous in the opinion that the low point in the present financial depression has been reached by Kansas City, and that the upward movement has begun. Bank presidents state that the banks have gained $2,000,000 in deposits since the run in July. WILL GIVE WORK TO MANY MEN. ST. PAUL, MINN., Aug. 30.-The Walter A. Wood harvester works will start up in a few days. Work will be provided for between 1,500 to 2,000 men. GOOD NEWS FOR 10,000 PEOPLE. ST. LOUIS, Mo., Aug. 30.-The St. Louis Stamping Company resumed operations yesterday, after an idleness of several weeks. W.F. Neidringhaus, the proprietor, has agreed to sign the Amalgamated scale. To-morrow 2,000 men will be at work. The importance of the resumption will be understood when it is known that 10,000 persons will be directly or indirectly affected by it. MINERS DECLARE THEIR STRIKE OFF. LEAVENWORTH, KAN., Aug. 30-At a geveral massmeeting of thestriking coal miners, held yesterday, it was decided by an almost unanimous vote to declare the struggle at an end and return to work at the other scale. It is expected that all the mines will soon be in full operation.

17. September 8, 1893 The Weekly Union Times Union, SC

Article from The Weekly Union Times, September 8, 1893

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Banks Resuming Business. WASHINGTON, D. C.-The following national banks which recently suspended payment have been permi ted to open their doors for business: The American National Bank, of Nashville, Tenn., the First National Bank, of Grundy Centre, Iowa, and the First National Bank, of Harrisonville, Missouri. DENVER, COL -The State National Bank, the last but one of the city's six national banks to suspend, opened its doors Thursday. The Commercial National will resume in a few days. Of the scores of national banks in Colorado which were compelled to close their doors a few weeks ago all have resumed save three, and it is said that they will again be doing business before the middle of the mouth. ECKELS IS HOPEFUL. CHICAGO, ILL.-Jamcs H. Eckels, Comptroller of the Currency, passed through Chicago on his way to Ottawa, III., where he will enjoy a two week's rest at his home. Mr. Eckels spoke very hopefully. He would not predict how long it would be before matters had resumed their normal condition, but the bottom had been reached, so far as, the banks were concerned, and financial af. fair were on the up grade. They are proposing to pension teachers in England.

18. October 28, 1893 Fort Worth Gazette Fort Worth, TX

Article from Fort Worth Gazette, October 28, 1893

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A DENVER BANK. DENVER, ( Col., Oct. 27.-The Commercial Nationl bank, C. L. Dow, president, was 10day pinced in the hands of a receiver. Frank Adams. bank examiner, was appointed to the position. The receivership was upon application of Chicago men, who held a third of the stock.

19. October 29, 1893 The Helena Independent Helena, MT

Article from The Helena Independent, October 29, 1893

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DENVER. Oct. 27.-The Commercial National bank has gone into the hands of a receiver, on the application of Chicago men who held one-third of the stock.

20. October 6, 1894 The Seattle Post-Intelligencer Seattle, WA

Article from The Seattle Post-Intelligencer, October 6, 1894

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THE BLOTTER UNITED STATES COURT-HANFORD, J. Frank B. Johnson vs. Great Northern Express Company-Motion to make more definite and certain; denied. James Fitzgerald vs. Great Northern Railway Company-Dismissed for lack of prosecution. Paul Hopkins vs. steamer Dispatch- Claim of Dyer & Co. for $15; not allowed. Newton Hartman vs. steamer City of Stanwood-Referred to C. E. Bowen to ascertain amount due libellant. United States vs. Z. Yamamato-Writ of habeas corpus; issued. G. W. Hunt vs. Northern Pacific Rail- road et al.-Wellington Clark appointed examiner. Frank Adams, receiver of Commercial National Bank of Denver, vs. Edward P. Caldwell et al.-Foreclosure of mortgage; demurrer; sustained. CIVIL DEPARTMENT, OSBORN, J. George F. Gund vs. Jacob Hopp et al.-

21. September 14, 1895 Western Kansas World Wakeeney, KS

Article from Western Kansas World, September 14, 1895

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# KANSAS STATE NEWS. On the night of September 1 the post office at Burr Oak was robbed of about $300. The robber fled into Nebraska. A. J. Lister, of Sedalia, Mo., was recently killed at Emporia by falling beneath a freight car upon which he was trying to steal a ride. It is stated that the suit of Bernard Murray against ex-Congressman Harris for alienating the affections of Murray's wife has been compromised. Willard S. Allen was killed on a farm near Vinland, Douglas county, the other night. While working on a haystack the stacker fell upon and crushed his skull. Joseph Hausenfritz, of Atchison, recently made a visit to his old home in Germany and was arrested because he left that country before serving the usual time in the army. Burglars entered the post office and general store of Nathan Harrington at Palermo the other night and stole about $600 in money and stamps. The robbers were traced to St. Joseph, Mo., but were not found. Millions of grasshoppers are said to be remaining in the fields of Barton, Rice, Stafford and other central counties where wheat has been harvested, and farmers are gathering and feeding them to their hogs. The governor has appointed the following delegates to the prison congress, which meets at Denver September 14: Warden Lynch, of the state penitentiary; C. E. Faulkner, J. C. O. Morse, W. C. Jones, J. C. Milliken. Since the 8th day of last January thirty-seven citizens of Shawnee county have been declared insane by the probate court, and since the 3d day of May fourteen other citizens of Shawnee county have committed suicide. Andrew Mikelson, 40 years of age, a farmer living ten miles north of Wamego, was killed by lightning the other night while lying by the side of his wife and child, neither of whom was hurt. The dog at the door was also killed. Ten thousand persons were reported to be present at Emporia to witness the parade during the military encampment. Sixteen hundred militia and nearly as many citizens, members of fraternal organizations, participated in the parade. The national guard encampment rt Emporia was voted a great success. The governor and state officers were present and given a reception by the people and speeches were made by Gov. Morrill, Senator Peffer, ex-Senator Ingalls and others. The Kansas River Baptist association in convention in Topeka, elected the following officers for the ensuing year: Moderator, Rev. George D. Rogers, of Lawrence; clerk, Miss Carrie Sheffield, of Topeka; treasurer, J. A. Lukens, of Topeka; statistical secretary, Rev. W. B. Hutchinson, of Topeka. R. R. Dunbar has brought suit to recover 328 acres of land in the city of Argentine. The land contains residences and business houses, among the latter being the largest smelter in the world. The suit is based on a number of old Indian deeds and the principal claimant is an Indian from the territory. The state live stock sanitary board denies the charges of stockmen that they are charging importers of live stock a tax of 2 cents a head without the sanction of law. They claim to have the right under the law to take any steps which they may deem necessary to keep contagious disease out of Kansas. Labor day was generally observed in the state. At Topeka there was a parade, and speeches were delivered by John J. Ingalls and J. R. Burton. At Lawrence the Woodmen had a log-rolling in Bismarck grove, while Leavenworth, Atchison, Wichita and other cities of the state contributed to the success of the day. The State Real Estate association, lately in session at Salina, organized the Kansas Million club, the object of which is to add 1,000,000 population to Kansas before the end of the century The officers of the organization are President, Gov. Morrill; vice presidents, Senators Baker and Peffer; secretary, E. Jameson, Leavenworth; treasurer, W. W. Watson, Salina. THE state treasurer's report for August shows that the total disbursements for the month were $404,186.33, while the receipts were $208,652.52. The largest single payment was $206,193, in disbursement of the semi-annual school fund dividend. At the close of the month the treasury had on hand $949,935.04. State taxes were received to the sum of $92,249.49. According to a report recently filed with the governor by the chaplain of the penitentiary there were in the prison at the close of August 879 convicts. During the month only 5 new prisoners were received, while 75 were discharged; of the total number of prisoners, 655 are whites, 218 colored, 4 Indians and 2 Mexicans; of the whites, 8 are females, and of the colored, 7. A big suit was filed in the United States court at Topeka the other day by the attorneys of Frank Adams, receiver of the Commercial national bank, of Denver, who asks for a judgment of $41,000 against the Western Farm Mortgage Trust Co., of Law-

22. May 21, 1896 The Anaconda Standard Anaconda, MT

Article from The Anaconda Standard, May 21, 1896

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The Denv r Bank Wreckers. Denver, May 20.-C. H. Dow. president of the Commercial National bank which failed in the panic of 1893, was arrested here to-day on indictments charging him with misappropriation of the funds of the bank and making false reports to the government. He was released under $5,000 bail. Sidney B. Clurkin, paying teller of the bank, indicted with Dow, was arrested this afternoon at Colorado Springs. It is said that O. E. Miller, president of the Miller Hernia company of Chicago, who obtained $145,000 from the Commercial bank on almost worthless securities, has also been indicted, but the federal authorities refuse to talk about the matter.

23. May 21, 1896 Rock Island Argus Rock Island, IL

Article from Rock Island Argus, May 21, 1896

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Ex-Bank President Arrested. DENVER, May 21.-C. H. Dow, president of the Commercial National bank, who failed in the panic of 1893, was arrested here yesterday on indictments charging him with misappropriation of funds of the bank and making false reports to the government. He was released under $5,000 bail.

24. December 19, 1896 Santa Fe Daily New Mexican Santa Fe., Santa Fe, NM

Article from Santa Fe Daily New Mexican, December 19, 1896

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BANK SCANDAL IN DENVER Alleged Frauds Connected with Management of Commercial National Bank Being Investigated. CHECK KITING IS FRANKLY ADMITTED President Dow Says He Was Not Aware of "Dr." Miller's Heavy Overdrafts Till It Was Too LateRotten Chicago Concern. Denver, Colo., Dec. 19.-0. E. Miller president of the Miller Hernia Treatment company and one of the three defendants in the Commercial National bank fraud case, now on trial in the United States district court here, told the story of his transactions with the bank with the utmost sang-froid on the witness stand today. He admitted that he kited checks with all the Denver banks and took upon himself all the blame for the failure of the Commercial bank in 1893, in consequence of his overdrafts, amounting to $125,000. He said his affairs and ac. counts were 80 involved and complicated that he supposed his indebtedness to the Commercial bank was only $25,000, when it actually reached S total of $110,000. He declared that the eco-defendants, President Charles H. Dow and Teller Sidney G. McClurken, had nothing to do with his schemes. As Dow and McClurken are charged in the indictment with being principals in the misappropriation of the bank's funds, and Miller only as an accessory, it is said that, if the jury should fail to convict the bank officers, Miller would himself escape under the provision of the common law, which provides that the accessory can not be convicted without the conviction of the principals. Following Miller, President Dow took the witness stand. He testified that, while he authorized the kiting of checks by Miller, he was not informed of the overdrafts until after they had become 80 large that it was impossible for Miller to make good his indebtedness to the bank. ROTTEN CONCERN IN CHICAGO. Chicago.-A bill for a receiver for the International Building & Loan Investment company was filed in the United States circuit court to-day in the name of Gustav Konze, of Newark, N.J. It is alleged that the association is hopelessly insolvent and has been wrecked by a majority of the directors, who are seeking to evade responsibility by placing in their stead reputable business men for the purpose reorganization. It is charged that the assets do not exceed $370,000, while the liabilities are $940,000.