11621. First National Bank (Asheville, NC)

Bank Information

Episode Type
Suspension → Closure
Bank Type
national
Bank ID
3418
Charter Number
3418
Start Date
July 31, 1897
Location
Asheville, North Carolina (35.601, -82.554)

Metadata

Model
gpt-5-mini
Short Digest
2633fac2

Response Measures

None

Receivership Details

Depositor recovery rate
7.3%
Date receivership started
1897-08-23
Date receivership terminated
1909-07-27
OCC cause of failure
Fraud
Share of assets assessed as good
6.4%
Share of assets assessed as doubtful
15.8%
Share of assets assessed as worthless
77.7%

Description

The First National Bank of Asheville did not open July 31, 1897 and posted a notice of voluntary liquidation. Newspapers state no run occurred. A receiver was appointed in mid-August 1897 and later federal indictments followed; the bank remained closed.

Events (4)

1. December 4, 1885 Chartered
Source
historical_nic
2. July 31, 1897 Suspension
Cause
Voluntary Liquidation
Cause Details
Bank posted notice citing inability to collect and stringency of the times; announced it would go into voluntary liquidation.
Newspaper Excerpt
The First National bank of this city did not open this morning. A notice was posted stating that owing to the inability to collect and the stringency of the times, the bank will go into voluntary liquidation.
Source
newspapers
3. August 16, 1897 Receivership
Newspaper Excerpt
George S. Powell, of this city, to-day received official notification of his appointment as receiver of the First National Bank of Asheville, which recently closed its doors.
Source
newspapers
4. August 23, 1897 Receivership
Source
historical_nic

Newspaper Articles (23)

Article from Santa Fe Daily New Mexican, July 31, 1897

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A Bank Suspends. Asheville, N. C., July 31.-The First National bank of this city did not open this morning. A notice was posted stating that owing to the inability to collect and the stringency of the times, the bank would go into voluntary liquidation. The last statement was made on May 14, showed loans and discounts $308,267.94 and deposits $77,859.85.


Article from Alexandria Gazette, July 31, 1897

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Bank Closed. ASHEVILLE, N. C., July 31.-The First National Bank of this city did not open this morning. A notice was posted on the door stating that owing to the inability to collect and thestringency of the times, the bank will go into voluntary liquidation. The last statement made on May 14th showed loans and discounts $308,267.94, over drafts $10,323.23; deposits $76,859.85; capital stocck $100,000; surplus $20,000. The three other banks in the city opened as usual. No run has been attempted and there is no excitement.


Article from The Topeka State Journal, July 31, 1897

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ASHEVILLE BANK CLOSES. Stringency of the Times is Assigned as the Cause of the Failure. Asheville, N. C., July 31.-The First National bank of this city did not open this morning. A notice was posted on the door stating that owing to the inability to collect and the stringency of the times, the bank will go into voluntary liquidation. The last statement, made on May 14, showed loans and discounts, $308,267.94; overdrafts, $10,3.3 23; deposits, 6 859.85; capital stock, $100,000; surplus, $20,000. The three other banks in the city opened as usual. No run has been attempted and there is no excitement.


Article from The News & Observer, August 1, 1897

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DRIVEN TO: THE WALL THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF ASHEVILLE CLOSES ITS DOORS. "Owing to the Stringency of the Times"-The Other Banks All Right--No Run or Excitement. Asheville, N. C., July 31.-The First National bank of this city did not open this morning. A notice was posted stating that Lowing to the inability to collect and the stringency of the times, the bank will go into voluntary liquidation. The last statement made on May 14th showed loans and discounts $308,267.94; overdrafts, $10,323.23; deposits, $76,859.85; capital stock, $100,000; surplus, $20,000. The three banks in the city opened as usual. No runs has been attempted and there is no excitement.


Article from Wheeling Sunday Register, August 1, 1897

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ANOTHER BANK CLOSED. The First National of Asheville Goes Into Liquidation Asheville, N. C., July 31.-The First National Bank of this city did not open this morning. A notice was posted on the door stating that owing to the inability to collect and the stringency of the times, the bank will go into voluntary liquidation. The last statement made, on May 14, showed: loans and discounts, $308,267.94; overdrafts, $10,323.23; deposits, $76,859.85; capital stock, $100,000; surplus, $20,000. The three other banks in the city opened as usual. No run has been attempted and there is no excitement.


Article from The Morning News, August 1, 1897

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ASHEVILLE BANK CLOSED. The First National Pleads Inability to Collect. Asheville, N. C., July 31.-The First National Bank of this city did not open this morning. A notice was posted stating that owing to the inability to collect and the stringency of the times, the bank will go into voluntary liquidation. The last statement, made on May 14, showed: Loans and discounts, $308,267.94; overdrafts, $10,323.23; deposits, $76,859.85; capital stock, $100,000; surplus, $20,000. The three other banks in the city opened as usual. No run has been attempted and there is no excitement.


Article from The Breckenridge News, August 4, 1897

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Failures. The First National bank of Asheville. N. C., has gone into voluntary liquida sion. The George 8. MacDonald company, manufacturers of brooms and brushes F Huntington, W. Va., has assigned. Assets and liabilities unknown. The Golden Rod Silk company of Paterson, N.J., has given notice of its failure and a receiver has been appointed. Liabilities, $108,000; assets, about $75,000. S. F. Westeont, ex-county terasurer, grain dealer and miller, of Wilmington, 0,, has assigned to F.M. Moore, Jr. Mrs. S. F. Westcoat has also assigned. Assets and liabilities unknowa.


Article from Richmond Dispatch, August 17, 1897

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Receiver of Asheville Bank. ASHEVILLE, N. C., August 16.George S. Powell, of this city, to-day received official notification of his appointment as receiver of the First National Bank of Asheville, which recently closed its doors.


Article from The Times, August 18, 1897

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# A WIFE'S JEALOUSY. Tries to Kill Her Husband and Then Kills Herself. ASHEVILLE, N. C., August 17.-Special.-At Hendersonville this morning Mrs. Ben. F. Hood shot her husband twice, one bullet breaking his right arm, the other taking effect in his breast, inflicting a serious wound. Mrs. Hood then shot herself, causing instant death. Jealousy is supposed to have been the cause. Mrs. Hood was a Miss Cowles, of Ohio, and was about fifty years old. She has a brother now a judge in Ohio and Mrs. Senator Fairbanks, of Indiana, is a niece of Mrs. Hood. Mr. Hood is a native of North Carolina, but moved to Ohio just after the war and married there. The appointment of George S. Powell, as receiver of the First National Bank has been held up, it is supposed for political reasons, he being a Free Silver Democrat. The merchants of Asheville are preparing to contest the right of the County Commissioners to levy a purchase tax.


Article from Richmond Dispatch, August 22, 1897

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The recent appointment of George S. Powell, receiver of the First National Bank, at Ashevillo. N.C., will be revoked. It was made upon the recommendation of Deputy-Comptroller Coffin, after a thorough personal investigation of Mr. Powell's fitness for the place. Mr. Coffin spent several days in Asheville last week in connection with the affairs of the bank, and on his return to WashIngton recommended the appointment of Mr. Powell as receiver. It was a nonpolitical appointment. and almost everybody in Asheville, "it seems, recommended Mr. Powell, without regard to politics. A business-man was wanted, and Mr. Powell seemed to be conspicuously fitted for the assignment. The Deputy Comptroller heard nothing of Mr. Powell but praise and commendation, and his. appointment, he felicitated himself, filled all the requirements of Eckels's nonpartisan currency reform ideas. But to-day the discovery that Mr. Powell was an avowed and ardent Bryan man in the last campaign horrified and confounded the Deputy Comptroller. He communicated at once with Mr. Eckels, in Detroit, and after a somewhat


Article from The Indianapolis Journal, August 24, 1897

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General Notes. WASHINGTON, Aug. 23.-To-day's statement of the condition of the treasury shows: Available cash balance, $221,162,543; gold reserve, $143,168,756. The controller of the currency has appointed Virgil S. Lusk receiver of the First National Bank of Asheville, N. C. Dr. Jacob Coble was to-day appointed a member of the pension examining board for Gosport, Ind. Joseph B. McCrellis, of Indiana, has been appointed a clerk in the War Department at $1,000 a year.


Article from Richmond Dispatch, August 24, 1897

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Virgil S. Lusk, Receiver. WASHINGTON, D. C., August 23.The Comptroller of the Currency has apnointed Virgil S. Lusk receiver of the First National Bank of Asheville, N. C.


Article from The Times, October 8, 1897

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BANK OFFICERS ARRESTED. They Are Charged With Embezzlementand Conspiracy-A Child Run Over, ASHEVILLE, N. C., Oct. 7.-Special.Major William E. Breese, president; W. H. Penland, cashier, and J. E. Dickerson, a director of the First National Bank of this city, which closed its doors in July, were arrested here to-day by United States deputy marshals from Greensboro. The grand jury of the Federal Court, which is now in session at Greensboro, returned true bills yesterday against these gentlemen. Special Bank Examiner Maxey left here Tuesday and furnished evidence to the grand jury in Greensboro yesterday. The charge is embezzlement and conspiracy. Bonds of thirty thousand dollars each were required. Major Breese gave his bond early in the day but the other two were not so successful, and were committed to jail. Major Breese then relinquished his bond and went to jail with his friends. Later in the day all gave bonds and were released. A two-year-old son of G. T. Wilson. of Yancy county. who was visiting in Asheville. was yesterday run over by a street car and seriously injured. One leg had to be amputated, and n is feared he cannot live.


Article from The Times, November 6, 1897

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ASHEVILLE'S BROKEN BANK. The Trial of the Indicted Officers Postponee and Their Bail Reduced. ASHEVILLE, N. C., Nov. 5.-Special.The case against Breese, Penland and Dickinson. the officers of the suspended First National Bank came up in the Federal Court to-day. The case was continued till the May term and their bonds reduced to $15,000.


Article from Richmond Dispatch, November 27, 1897

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THE BROKEN ASHEVILLE BANK. Consultation With the Comptroller Regarding Its Affairs. WASHINGTON, D. C., November 26.(Special.)-Senator Pritchard, Judge Moore, and J. S. Adams, of Asheville, N. C., representing the defunct First National Bank of Asheville, had a consultation to-day with Comptroller-of-theCurrency Eckels in regard to the affairs of the bank. They claim that they are prepared to show there was no criminal intent on the part of the officers of the bank, and that the failure of the bank is due to the depreciation in the prices of property, consequent upon the recent hard times. They also claim that they are prepared to show that the officials of the bank have not made any money as a result of the different investments which they have made, but have wrecked their own fortunes in the attempt to save the bank. And while the officials are left without any funds, they hope, by the aid of their friends and the sacrifice of their homesteads, to enable the receiver to declare a. small dividend.


Article from The Saint Paul Globe, February 5, 1898

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BEATRICE, Neb., Feb. 4.-J. S. Grable, ex-mayor of Beatrice and brother of Francis C. Grable, was in the city today, and while here talked at length regarding his brother's business trouble. J. S. Grable left Beatrice two years ago to take up work for his brother, and since then has been closely connected with his interests. He said: "This company has mines and a stamp mill at Galena and a smelter at Edgemont, all of which we have been constantly working on, developing the mines and hurrying to completion the smelter, on which, unless it has been stopped since I left there, work is still going on. Francis Grable has had no connection with the except as a than three months, which he more money company, individually stockholder, but put it is up the for to pay for construction and development work which has caused his embarrassment. "He sold stock of his own and advanced $180,000 for this work. Last month the company met and voted $500,000 of stock, out of the proceeds of the sale of which they were to reimburse Francis, but it was not done. Had it been done, Francis would have been able to have paid the bank all his indebtedness. The properties are all bound to become valuable and will pay handsomely in the end." ASHEVILLE, N C., Feb. 4.-W. J. Quinlan, the Chemical National bank cashier, loaned the First National bank, of this city, which failed some months ago, $60,000. ST. LOUIS, Feb. 4.-Mr. Francis C. Grable, the promoter and financier, is still in the city. He stays in his rooms at the Planters' hotel, where his meals are served, and refuses to see anybody except a few personal friends and attorney, with whom he has had several consultations. Mr. Grable absolutely refuses to say anything further about his business affairs, and his future movements are kept a secret. PHILADELPHIA, Pa., Feb. 4.--The Inquirer will say tomorrow that the Inter-State Canal & Land company, one of the enterprises of Francis C. Grable, has announced to its creditors that it has not a dollar in its treasury with which to pay notes. The statement comes from the treasurer of the company, George B. Luper, who is also second vice president of the Security Trust & Life Insurance company, of this city. Mr. Luper said he could not tell what would be done, that as treasurer he was not a director; that he had been elected treasurer last July; that he had never been present at a meeting of the company; that he did not know whether an extension of time would be granted or not, and that he could not tell whether there would be immediate application for the appointment of a receiver or not. The capital stock of the corporation he knew was $1,000,000, but only about $300,000 of stock had been issued. This had been issued mainly to Grable for 8,000 acres of land, including 2,200 town lots, the property lying in and around Edgemont, a town of 1,200 people, whose name also appears in the title of another of Grable's ventures, the Edgemont & Union Hill Smelting company. Among the notes that have found their way into the hands of Mr. Graham, garnishee in one of the attachments, are a lot of C. B. Harris, one of Grable's managers, and of men named Vrooman, Dewort, Zubriskie, an officer in a New York bank; a Mr. Story, of Philadelphia: Messrs. Jenkins, Marshall and Short, of New York, and a lot of other people all around the country. On notes of this Mr. kind discounted for Grable by Graham to the extent of $30,000, Grable for paid a $11,000. balance Mr. of about Graham $75,000. is hunting


Article from The News & Observer, March 11, 1902

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# BREESE ON THE STAND Dickerson Has Asked For a Change of Venue. t is Believed This Will be Granted. Freight in Smash Up at Alexander. No One Hurt, (Special to the News and Observer.) Asheville, N. C., March 10.-Today's proceedings in the Breese-Dickerson trial opened with testimony by Director and Vice President R. R. Rawls. With this testimony the Government closed its case. Judge C. A. Moore then proceeded with the defense. In his address to the jury he said that he intended to show that the defendant did not do the things charged, or if he did, not with wrongful intent, as stated in the ill of indictment, to injure the First National Bank. He said the defendant was a self-made man, of good character, an ex-Confederate soldier. He invested his earnings, ten thousand dollars, in the First National Bank and friends in Charleston took stoc kto the extent of ninety thousand dollars. Forty thousand dollars were lent to Penland and family to invest in real estate. The defendant was allowed to improve the property in the same way. This was known to every officer in the bank. At the close of this address Maj. Breese was sworn in. He said that about ten thousand dollars worth of stoc was held among Asheville people. About five thousand dollars was held in vanced money to Mr. Penland to uild Massachusetts. He said the ank ad-thirteen houses and he orrowed money to improve property. The bank got along well till the Kennilworth Land Company was organized. A panic, came in shortly after that and money affairs were strained. The bank was only kept going by money, from five to ten thousand dollars, deposited weekly by Mr. Vanderbilt to pay his laborers. Maj. Breese was asked to explain the Leonard transaction. He said the Comptroller ensented to the bank loaning one hundred thousand dollars to Mr. Graham, a prominent merchant. He (Breese) could not see why he should not do as the Comptroller had permitted, when the bank needed money. So he had issued notes. J. E. Dickerson has applied for change of venue in the bank case. Prejudice existing here against Dickerson is given asi the cause. It is believed that Judge Jackson will allow the change. An electric railroad is being built to Locust Gap, two miles beyond the present terminus of the Asheville and Craggy Mountain railway. V. H. S. Courtney, a clothing merchant here, assigned today. His liabilities are put at nine thousand and twenty-five dollars. His assets include his personal property. A rear end collision occurred at Alexander this morning. A heavy freight run into the second section. Both trains were badly smashed. No one was hurt.


Article from The News & Observer, July 22, 1904

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THEY KNEW IT ALL So Says Breese of Officers of National Banking System. (By the Associated Press.) Charlotte, N. C., July 21.-Wm. E. Breese remained on the witness stand ir the United States District court today, continuing the testimony in his own behalf in the case against him for wrecking the First National Bank of Asheville, of which he was president. When court adjourned his testimony was not finished. The line of his testimony, in addition to bringing out certain facts is to snow that the officers of the government having in charge the national banking system were at all times cogpizant of everything he did and that nothing whatever was concealed from the Comptroller of the Currency. The testimony embraced dozens of letters that had been passed between him and officers of the government, dating from August 30, 1893, four years before the failure of the bank. The letters related to the efforts he was making to save the bank from ruin and to arrange ararngements for liquidating the indebtedness of the institution for the purpose of converting it into a State bank. District Attorney Holton objected to the admission of many letters and several of them were ruled out. After the District Attorney had made repeated objections, this when he had asked that the witness read a certian letter, Maj. Breese created a little amusement by turning to Judge Kelier and saying: "The district attorney wants me to read all the letters that are favorable to him, but he objects to those that are in my favor." The court announced that it was the preogative of the district attorney to object when he saw fit and that the presiding judge would rule on all matters as the merits of the case in question might deserve. The witnes swas starting to tell of a run on the National Bank of Asheville when District Attorney Holton objected, unless the defense proposed to go into the affairs of the National Bank of Asheville. "If they propose to do that, I am willing. Some of the officers of that bank are now in the penitentiary." Counsel for the defense objected sericusly to this remark, Judge Moore saying it could not be excused on any ground.


Article from The Times Dispatch, July 22, 1904

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BREESE ON STAND. Submits Correspondence to Show Official Knowledge of Course. (By Associated Press.) CHARLOTTE, N. C., July 21.-William E. Breese remained on the witness stand in the United States District Court today, continuing the testimony in his own behalf in the case against him for wrecking the First National Bank of Asheville, of which he was president. When court adjourned this testimony was not finished. The line of his testimony, in addition to bringing out certain facts. is to show that the officers of the government having In charge the national banking system were at all times cognizant of everything he did, and that nothing whatever was concealed from the Comptroller of the Currency. The testimony embraced dozens of letters that had passed between him and officers of the government, dating from August 30, 1893, practically four years before the failure of the bank. The letters related to the efforts he was making to save the bank, from ruin and to arrangements for liquidating the indebtedness of the Institution for the purpose of converting It into a. State bank. District Attorney Holton objected to the admission of many of the letters, and several of them were ruled out. After the district attorney had made repeated objections, and when he had asked that the witness read a certain letter. Major Breese created a little amusement by turning to Judge Keller and saying: "The district attorney wants me to read all the letters that are favorable to him. but he objects to everything that is in my favor.' The court announced that it was the prerogative of the district attorney to object when he saw fit. and that the presiding judge would rule on all matters as the merits of the case in question might deserve. The witness was starting to tell of a run on the National Bank of Asheville, when District Attorney Holton objected. unless the defense proposed to go into the affairs of the National Bank of Asheville. "If they propose to do that," he sald, "I am willing. Some of the officers of that bank are now in the penitentiary." Counsel for the defense objected seriously to this remark, Judge Moore saying it could not be excused on any ground.


Article from The Times Dispatch, July 24, 1904

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THE TRIAL OF BREESE The Proceedings on Yesterday Were of Very Great Interest. STILL BREESE TESTIFYING (By Associated Press.) CHARLOTTE, N. C., July 23.-To-day marked the close of the second week OK the Breese embezzlement trial, one of the most interesting and important actions ever brought in the Federal courts in this or any other State. A great mass of tes. timony has been introduced, and the indications are that at least one more week will be required in bringing the case to a close. William E. Breese, the defendant, has been on the witness stand the greater part of the time since Wednesday at noon, and it is probable that his direct testimony. will not be finished before the adjournment of court Monday afternoon. The district attorney will have him under cross-examination for a day and possibly longer. CHARACTER OF BREESE. The defendant was taken off the stand this morning to permit several witnesses who were anxious to return home to tes. tify. Four witnesses testified LC the character of Breese, and the government Introduced a witness to testify concerning a. note which the First National Bank at Asheville had discounted in Charleston shortly before the failure. Breese resumed his direct testimony He took up the discount ledger. a book of which S. T. Dorsett testified at length and explained to the jury the method of keeping the book. Considerable time was consumed in the examination In reference to the letters Breese had written other banks concern ing notes signed by Insolvent persons The witness said he considered the notes good by reason of the fact that they were endorsed by J. E. Dockerson & Co. the First Bank of Asheville and other firms and corporations. He had no inton tion to deceive when he wrote banks which had rediscounted the notes. # AN EXPLANATION. Touching the failure of the First Na tional Bank to remit checks for drafts that had been collected for other banks Major Breese said they were signed and held back for the simple reason that 11 was impossible to send them off. It had been necessary to withdraw the money from the banks upon which the check were drawn, and as money was being withdrawn from the First National fastes than it was being deposited, It will be impossible to replace the funds. The wit ness was striving to carry the bank along and still hoped to be able to averi the threatened, panic. As it turned out the depositors at home got the benefit of this action and the creditor banks in the North lost. The witness averred that he received no personal benefit from any of the money that was withdrawn from the bank. the checks that were charged against his account having been drawr to pay various bills. His overdrafts were for the purpose of making good the interest and renewals of notes


Article from The Savannah Morning News, July 24, 1904

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BREESE ON THE STAND To Give Much Testimony in His Own Defense. Charlotte, N. C., July 23.-To-day marked the close of the second week of the Breeze embezzlement trial, one of the most interesting and important actions ever brought in the federal courts in this or any other state. A great mass of testimony has been introduced and the indications are that at least one more week will be required in bringing the case to a close. William E. Breese, the defendant, has been on the witness stand the greater part of the time since Wednesday at noon, and it is probable that his direct testimony will not be finished before the adjournment of court Monday afternoon. The district attorney will have him under cross-examination for a day and perhaps longer. The defendant was taken off the stand this morning to permit several witnesses who were anxious to return home to testify. Four witneses testified to the character of Breese and the government introduced a witness to testify concerning a note which the First National Bank of Asheville had discounted in Charleston shortly before the failure. Breese resumed his direct testimony. He took up the discount ledger, a book of which Mr. S. T. Dorset testified at length. and explained to the jury the method of keeping the book and why it was kept. Considerable time was consumed in the examination in reference to the letters Breese had written other banks concerning notes signed by insolvent persons. The witness said he considered the notes good by reason of the fact that they were indorsed by J. E. Dickerson & Co., the First National Bank of Asheville and other firms and corporations. He had no intention to deceive when he wrote banks which had re-discounted the notes. Touching the failure of the First National Bank to remit checks for drafts that had been collected for other banks, Maj. Breese said they were signed and held back for the simple reason that it was impossible to send them off. It had been necessary to withdraw the money from the banks upon which the checks were drawn, and as money was being drawn from the First National faster than it was being deposited, it was impossible to replace the funds. The witness was striving to carry the bank along and still hoped to be able to avert the threatened panic. As it turned out, the depositors at home got the benefit of this action and the creditor banks in the North lost. The witness averred that he received no personal benefit from any of the money that was withdrawn from the bank, the checks that were charged against his account having been drawn to pay various bills. His over-drafts were for the purpose of making good the interest and renewals of notes.


Article from The News & Observer, July 24, 1904

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OH! FOR A TORNADO To Blow the Breese Trial to an End---Another Week. (By the Associated Press.) Charlotte, N. C., July 23.-Today marked the close of the second week of the Breese embezzlement trial, one of the most interesting and important actions ever brought in the Federal courts in this or any other State. A great mass of testimony has been introduced and the indications are that at least one more- week will be required in bringing the case to a close. William F. Breese, the defendant, has been on the witness stand the greater part of the time since Wednesday at noon and it is probable that his direct testimony will not be finished before the adjournment of court Monday afternoon. The dis trict attorney will have him under cross examination for a day and perhaps longer. The defendant was taken off the stand this morning to permit several witnesses who were anxious to return home to testify. Four witnesses testified to the character of Breese and the government introduced a witness to testify concerning a note which the First National Bank at Asheville had discounted in Charleston shortly before the failure. Breese resumed his direct testimony. He took up the discount ledger, a book of which S. T. Dorsett testified at length and explained to the jury the method of keeping the book and why it was kept. Considerable time was consumed in reference to the letters Breese had written other banks concerning notes signed by insolvent persons. The witness said he considered the notes good by reason of the fact that they were endorsed by J. E. Dockerson & Company, the First National Bank of Asheville, and other firms and corporations. He had no intention to deceive when he wrote banks which had re-discounted the notes. Touching the failure of the First National Bank to remit checks for drafts that had been collected for other banks, Major Breese said they were signed and held back for the simple reason that it was impossibie to send them off. It had been necessary to withdraw the money from the banks upon which the checks were drawn and as money was being withdrawn from the First National faster than it was being deposited. it was impossible to replace the funds. The witness was striving to carry the bank along and still hoped to be able to avert the threatened panic. As it turned out, the depositors at home got the benefit of this action and the creditor banks in the North lost. The witness averred that he received no personal benefit from any of the money that was withdrawn from the bank, the checks that were charged against his account having been drawn to pay various bills. His overdrafts were for the pur, ose of making good the interest and renewals of notes.


Article from The Semi-Weekly Messenger, July 26, 1904

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MORE WITNESSES EXAMINED. Progress in the Breese Trial-The Do fendant Again Gives Evidence in His Own Behalf. Charlotte. N. C., July 23.-Today marked the close of the second week of the Breese embezzlement trial. one of the most interesting and important actions ever brought in the federal courts in this or any other state. A great mass of testimony has been Introduced, and the indications are that at least one more week will be required in bringing the case to a close. William E. Breese, the defendant, has been on the witness stand the greater part of the time since Wednesday at noon. and it is probabie that his direct testimony will not be finished before the adjournment of court Monday afternoon. The district attorney will have him under cross examination for a day and perhaps longer. The defendant was taken off the stand this morning to permit several witnesses who were anxious to return home to testify. Four witnesses tes. tifled to the character of Breese, and the government introduced a witness to testify concerning a note which the First National Bank at Asheville had discounted in Charleston shortly before the failure. Breese resumed his direct termmony. He took up the discount ledger. a book of which S. T. Dorsett testified at length and explained to the jury the method of keeping the book and why it was kept. Considerable time was consumed in the examination in reference to the letters Breese had written other banks concerning notes signed by insolvent persons. The witness said he considered the notes good by reason of the fact that they were endorsed by J. E. Dickerson & Co., the First National Bank of Asheville and ther firms and corporations. He had no intention to deceive when he wrote banks which had re-discounted the notes. Touching the failure of the First National Bank to remit checks for drafts that had been collected for other banks, Major Breese said they were signed and held for the simple reason that it was impossible to send them off. It had been necessary to withdraw the money from the banks upon which the checks were drawn, and as money was being withdrawn from the First National Bank faster than it was being deposited. it was impossible to re-place the funds. The witness was striving to carry the bank along. and still hoped to be able to avert the threatened panic. As it turned out. the depositors at home got the benefit of this action. and the creditor banks in the north lost. The witness averred that he received no personal benefit from any of the money that was withdrawn from the bank. the checks that were charged against his account having been drawn to pay various bills. His overdrafts were for the purpose of making good the interest and renewals of notes.