gpt-5-mini (chosen from majority vote of a three-model LLM ensemble)
Short Digest
8bc9359934dc2eb5
Response Measures
None
Events (1)
1.August 15, 1929Run
Cause
Rumor Or Misinformation
Cause Details
False rumors (including a report that President Maurice T. Lewis had died) and gossip from a disgruntled man in a speakeasy triggered panic withdrawals.
Random Run
Yes
Random Run Snippet
False report President Maurice Lewis dead; rumor later discredited
Measures
Summoned extra tellers (total 17), brought cash in armored trucks from Brooklyn Trust Company (millions), stationed attendants at doors, summoned police; public assurances posted and issued.
Newspaper Excerpt
False rumors that there was run on the Bay Ridge Savings Bank in Brooklyn today started an actual run on the bank, and by noon hundreds of depositors had rushed in to draw out their money.
Source
newspapers
Newspaper Articles (19)
1.August 15, 1929East OregonianPendleton, OR
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Give Life Saving Work Life saving instruction, sponsored by the Pendleton Chapter of the American Red Cross. has been given at a week-long course held at Milton. Out of 17 who signed up for the course. 5 boys and girls successfully passed the final test. Harold Hatton. the Inhas visited Helix and Pilot Rock, but was unable to hold classes there because of the lack to of swimming facilities. However those interested in those two Transportation from the two cities will be provided by Peterson Brothers, local Oldsmobile dealers. Hatton will spend the TOmainder of this week at Echo where he is to give swimming instruction and life saving work. This is the second year that the Pendleton Chapter, American Red Cross, has sponsored this work in the county
Music Soothes "Bulls" Charles Jackson. 19, Alabama negro, can testify that music soothes not only the savage beast, but also the hardboiled temperament of a deputy sheriff. Jackson was arrested this morning by George Pierce, special agent for the Union Pacific when he attempted to board a passenger train. Charged with vagrancy, he was taken to the county jail. As the officers were going through his clothing before they placed him in the bastile, they chanced to come upon five French harps. "Whatcha got these things for?" the officer queried. "Bo lemme jus' show youal, Jackson replied. Taking one of the instruments he began to play it. His music won him watermelon and officers also decided to let him work about the court house as al trusty until he has finished his tenday sentence.
Mess Sergeant Praised Jack Milliorn, mess sergeant for Company Oregon National Guard. is complimented in a personal letter from General George White, commander of the Oregon National Guard. Geenral White, according to Captain James Alger Fee, commander of the local company, praises Sergeant Milliorn upon the efficiency of operation of the company's kitchen during the summer guard encampment at Camp Clatsop this year.
Washington Officials Here Garfield Davis, chairman of the parole board of the state of Washington of Seattle and Pat Mahonew of Walla Walla, secretary of the Washington State Penitentiary and secretary of the parole board, came to Pendleton today to visit with Sheriff Tom Gurdane.
Magazine Representatives C. C. Walsh and C. J. Ashenbremmer, representatives of the Northwest Police Journal for seven states in the west, are in Pendleton today meeting with city and county law officers.
Charles Stephens Better Charles Stephens of Echo, who suffered serious skull fractures some two weeks ago when hit by train at Echo, is better. The report from St. Anthony's hospital says that he is improving daily.
Funeral To Be Held Funeral services for the late Mrs. G. W. Horn will be held at 2 p.m. Saturday from the First Christian church with Rev. G. L. Dril! offi-
George Fell III George Fell is ill at St. Anthony's hospital. Mrs. Frank James of Umatilla has left the hospital. Mrs. William Parks of Athena is a new patient.
RUN ON BANK
NEW YORK, Aug. 15.-(A. P.) False rumors that there was run on the Bay Ridge Savings Bank in Brooklyn today started an actual run on the bank, and by noon hundreds of depositors had rushed in to draw out their money. Warned in advance by the false rureors, officials had time to prepare. In big armored truck they brought over $1,000,000 in cash they had had in the vault of the Brooklyn Trust company and they hired nine extra tellers, making total of 17, to take care of the crowd. The 17 tellers handed out money as fast as they could. The amount that was paid out could not be determined, bank officials said, until the bank closed for the day.
HELPS IN RUIN SOCORRO, N. M., Aug. 15.(AP) Wading knee deep in mud and water, R. C. Dillon today joined relief workers at San Acacia to make personal inspection of the devastation wrought by flood waters of the Rio Grande which wiped out the villages of San Acacia and San Antonio and swept away nearly all of the town of San Marcial.
A Mighty Carbuncle, This! Starts Brooklyn Bank Run; Depositors Sheepishly Return
August carbuncle the back the Presineck helped to start the Bay Ridge Savings Bank in Brooklyn. Two thousand depositors rushed the place, and before they had quieted before number them, rather sheepishly, had gone back and reopened their they had drawn out $2,000,000. Several days Dr. Maurice Lewis, President, went hospital Connecticut have carbuncle removed from the back his neck. False rumors circulated that dead and that his death had caused the bank. Rumors started actual run. addition, officials of the bank had tried borrow $16,000 only $10,000 collateral went speakeasy and he had unable obtain any money because the bank short of funds. Heads of the bank heard about the rumors several days head they summoned Lewis back by and appealed Joseph Broderick, State SuperintendBanks. Broderick wrote letter, in which he Bank Examiners had found the institution in excellent and bank officials posted the letter the entrance, excited depositors rushed Being warned. the bank's officials about methodical to the rush. They hired extra tellers, making total They stationed attendants the door hand out withdrawal slips positors. And they brought from the Brooklyn Trust Company armored truck that they had in reserve there. Police were summoned keep the milling crowd order. Everything went smoothly. Nobody worried delayed in taining money, and from time time Dr. Lewis read the crowd assuring statements that the money that there danger that the bank perfectly willto let them close their accounts they desired. By of the tellclosing had been transferred from window receiving window. While the run its height other banks in the vicinity refused for deposit money that had accept been drawn out of the Bay Ridge Bank.
At time, officials the there danger of the losing their The positors bank's total $31,000,000 surplus.
3.August 16, 1929Leader-TribuneMarion, IN
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People Let Carbuncle on Banker's Neck Worry Them the Bay Ridge Savings bank on Two thousand depositors rushed in to the before they had place quieted before some of rather sheepishly, had gone back and reopened their accountsthey had drawn out Several days ago Dr. Maurice president, went hospital in have carbuncle removed from the back of his neck. False rumors were circulated that dead and that his death had caused on the bank. Rumors of started the actual run. Man Turned Down In officials of the bank today. man had tried to borrow on only collateral went to nearby speakeasy and said he had been unable to any money because the bank short funds. The heads of the bank heard about the rumors of several in Brooklyn. ago. To head it off. they moned Dr. Lewis back by wire and appealed Joseph Broderick, state superintendent of banks. Broderick wrote letter. in which stated that bank examiners had found the institution to be in excel lent and the bank officials posted the entrance, but ex cited depositors rushed right past Being warned, bank's officials set about methodical way take care of the rush. They stationattendants at the door to hand out slips the depositors. And brought over from the Brooklyn Trust Company in an armored truck that they had reserve there. Police summoned to keep the milling crowd order. Everything went off smoothly, nobody worried or delayed in (Continued on Page
4.August 16, 1929Daily SentinelRome, NY
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Brooklyn Bank Depositors Return With Their Money the Bay Ridge Savings Bank Brooklyn, who became yesterday rumors that there on the bank and thereupon today to put their money By o'clock, 174 old depositors returned, bringing back $9,000 the nearly withdrawn yesterday. They continued coming back throughout
5.August 16, 1929Wilkes-Barre Times LeaderWilkes-Barre, PA
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DEPOSITORS PUT MONEY BACK IN BROOKLYN BANK
New York. Aug. 16.-Depositors in the Bay Ridge Savings Bank of Brooklyn, who became excited yesterday over rumors that there was run on the bank and started an actual run, began today to put their money back. Although bank officials opened the place at 7:30 today, with extra tellers all prepared to continue paying out, only 20 depositors were on hand to withdraw their money. By m. 174 old depositors had returned, bringing back $9,000 of the nearly $2,000,000 withdrawn yesterday. They continued coming back throughout banking hours.
6.August 16, 1929News-PressFort Myers, FL
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Depositors Rush To Put Money Back In Brooklyn Bank
Associated Press) NEW YORK Aug. tors in the Bay Ridge Savings bank of Brooklyn, who got excited yesterday after rumors that there was on the bank and started an actual run, began today to put their money back. Although bank officials opened the place today, with extra tellers prepared to continue paying only 20 depositors on hand to withdraw their were By 174 old depositors had returned, bringing back the nearly withdrawn yesterday. They continued coming throughout banking hours. Rumors run on the bank, believed have been started by man disgruntled because he was refused loan. were enlarged by report that Dr. Maurice president, was dead. It developed that Dr. Lewis was Connecticut hospital having removed from his neck.
7.August 16, 1929The Evening SunHanover, PA
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CARBUNCLE CAUSE OF RUN ON BANK
It Happens To Be On Neck of President And False Report of His Death Resulted In Withdrawals
NEW YORK Aug 16 carbunc on the back of the president's neck indirectly helped to start run yesterday on the Bay Ridge Savings Bank of Brooklyn. Two thousand depositors rushed into the place and, before they had quited down and before some of them had gone back and reopened their accounts-they had drawn out $2,000,000. Several days ago Dr. Maurice T Lewis, president, went to a hospital in Connecticut to have carbuncle removed from the back of his neck False rumors were circulated that he was dead and that his death had caused run. Rumors of run started the actual run. In addition, bank officials said a man who had tried to borrow $16,000 on $10,000 collateral went to nearby speakeasy and said he had been unable to get any money because the bank was short of funds The hads of the bank heard about the rumors of run several days ago. To head it off they summoned Dr Lewis back by wire and appealed to Joseph A. Broderick, State superin tendent of banks. Broderick wrote a letter. in which he stated that bank had found the institution to be in excel lent condition and officials posted it But excited depositors rushed right past it. Being warned. bank officials set about in methodical way to take care of the rush. They hired nine extra tellers. The stationed attendants at the door to hand out withdrawal slips to the depositors. and they brought over from the Brooklyn Trust Company in an armored truck $14,000,000 that they had in reserve there. Police were summoned to keep the milling crowd in order Everything went off smoothly and from time to time Dr. Lewis read statements that the money was there that there was no danger, and that the bank was perfectly willing to let them close their accounts if they desired. By closing time. one of the seventeen tellers had been transferred from a paying window to a receiving window While the run was at its height other banks in the vicinity refused to accept for deposit money that been
8.August 16, 1929The Winona Daily NewsWinona, MN
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Carbuncle Starts Run on Bank in Brooklyn
New carbuncle on the neck of President M. T. Lewis start. ed a run on the Bay Ridge Savings bank in Brooklyn, Lewis' visit to hospital brought rumors of his death and $2,000,000 was withdrawn before depositors were reassured.
9.August 16, 1929The Brooklyn Daily TimesBrooklyn, NY
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more than 1,500 of the bank's withdrew their counts. Early estimates between $4,000,000 and $5,000,000 had been withdrawn today and the total estimated at almost 000. Detectives under direction of Capt. John Ryan of the 10th Inspection District and ten private detectives tracing the originators of the false reports. Other Banks Help In the meantime, each of the 25 savings banks in Group V. comprising the Long Island and Staten Isldistrict, pledged full confidence in the Bay Ridge institution, while $3,000,000 in cash was delivered to the bank yesterday from other institutions, more, due the Bay Ridge Savings Bank. ready in other institutions to be rushed to the bank needed. The peak of the run was reached yesterday at noon when 1,200 persons were line. Appearance of Maurice Lewis, president. falsely reported dead: the pleas of to their money remain in the sight millions carted into the institution: the of Joseph Broderick, State Superintendent of Banks, giving assurance of solvency: had the proper effect and at closing time there were fewer than 200 in line. Many Reopen Accounts Many who had withdrawn their savings returned before the day was and reopened their accounts. One man and his wife, who with. drew their deposits just o'clock, experienced change of mind before they left the building and asked the paying teller they might redeposit the money. They were told to turn after o'clock today. Although not confirmed, there report the original rumors based statement disgruntied man attempted to get loan of $16,000 on his home valued at $10,000. He said to have gone into nearby speakeasy and passed the afternoon in drinking and talking, declaring the bank unsound, that no money loan on good curity and that Dr. Lewis dead. Dr. Lewis at Lake resting after minor operation for removal of carbuncle. When the report of his death came his ears, Dr. Lewis returned. arriving late Wednesday. He was his desk early yesterday seeing the crowds about the doors, ordered the bank to open hour and quarter before the usual time. James president of the Fort Hamilton Savings Bank, business rival, visited the Bay Ridge yesterday at the height of the and opened personal account $1,000. At his bank. former customers of the Bay Ridge bank were told to put their money back their institution. Prospective customers of department National Bank, which branch street the Bank, were treated president Lewis deposit disposal bank said another $100,000 available him the sufficient cash available for all mands.
Takes Hand The Carol Norwegian lobby and made alone. comnight affair. against interest
MAID HELD IN KILLING colored the
10.August 16, 1929The Brooklyn Daily TimesBrooklyn, NY
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REDEPOSITS ON BANK than the bank's more depositors withdrew their counts. Early estimates between and had been were corrected today and withdrawn the total estimated almost under direction of Capt John Ryan of the 10th Inspection District and ten private detectives tracing the originators of false reports. Other Banks Help In the each of the banks in Group comprising the Long Island and Isl. and district. pledged full confidence the Bay Ridge Instituwhile in cash was delivered the bank yesterday from other institutions. $11,000,000 due the Bay Ridge Savings Bank. other Institutions to be rushed to the bank needed. The peak of the run was yesterday noon when perwere line. Appearance Maurice Lewis, president falsely reported dead: the pleas merchants let their money remain in the sight millions being carted into the Institution: the letter of Joseph Banks, giving assurance solvency all had the proper effect and closing time there were than 200 line. Many Reopen Accounts Many had withdrawn their savings returned before the day was reopened their accounts. One man and his wife, who withdrew their deposits just experienced change mind before they left the building and asked paying teller they might redeposit the money. They told to after o'clock today. Although confirmed, report original rumors were statement loan his home valued He said gone into and passed the nearby drinking talking the bank that money loan on good that Dr. Lewis was dead Lewis Lake Placid resting after minor removal the report his death came to his Lewis arriving Wednesday He at his desk early seeing crowds about doors, bank to hour and quarter before the time James president Hamilton Savings rival. visited the Bay Ridge the height of opened personal account his former the Bay Ridge their money back institution Prospective customers of the department National Bank Duffy. president masons another available for
Clergyman Takes Hand Peterson lobby and begged largely made their money Broderick resulting in depositors
MAID HELD KILLING
11.August 16, 1929Blackwell Journal-TribuneBlackwell, OK
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BOIL ON NECK CAUSE OF RUN
Depositors Get $2,000,000 But Precaution Saves Big Institutions
NEW YORK Aug. 15- P-A the day the Bay Ridge Savings bank in depositors rushed the place before they had quieted sheepishly had gone and reopened they had $2,000,000 In Hospital Several Maurice T to have carbunck the back neck False rumors were circulated that dead and that run the bank. Rumors In addition of the bank said man who had tried $16,000 on only $10,000 and money because heads of the The head moned Dr. Broderick wrote in bank found (Continued on Page
12.August 16, 1929Appeal-DemocratMarysville, CA
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GOSSIP CAUSES 1200 TO JOIN RUN ON BANK
BROOKLYN, N. Y., Aug. 16. disgruntled Norwegian whose gossip in a speakeasy caused 1200 epositors to storm the doors of Bay Ridge Savings bank for their money yesterday, was sought by police and bank detectives today. Refused a $16,000 loan on a $1000 house, he is said to have told riends in a speakeasy that the Bay Ridge Bank was unsound. A report that the bank's president Maurice Lewis, had died also was irculated widely. The Bay Ridge institution which as built up deposits of 31,000,000 nostly with a Scandinavian clienele, was the scene of a great run hen the gossip spead. All receivng tellers switched to paying ages as depositors crowded into he institution. Armored trucks rought $3,000,000 cash from othbanks. Twenty-six banks pubshed notices advising depositors ot to withdraw their funds from he Bay Ridge institution. Leaders the neighborhood mounted tales in the bank and advised deositors to leave their money here it was drawing interest. Finally the crowd left, and toay business at the bank was reorted "as usual."
Carbuncle On Neck Starts Run On Brooklyn Bank, But Tide Stemmed
NEW YORK, Aug. 16.-A carbuncle on the back of the president's neck in directly helped to start a run on the Bay Ridge Savings bank in Brooklyn. Two thousand depositors rushed into the place and, before they had quieted down-and before some of them, rather sheepishly had gone back and reopened their accountsthey had drawn out $2.000,000. Went to Hospital Several days ago Dr. Maurice T Lewis, president, went to a hospital in Connecticut to have a carbuncle removed from the back of his neck. False rumors were circulated that he was dead and that his death had caused run on the bank. Rumors of run started the actual run In addition, bank officials said, a man who had tried to borrow $16,- yielded eight blows. Lloyd Waner collected both the safeties off the Boston hurler. Frank O'Doul's 23rd homer with two on base, enabled the Phillies to win from the Reds by 5 to 4, and the Giants outlasted the Cardinals, 9 to Ott hit his 31st homer.
000 on only $10,000 collateral went to a nearby speakeasy and said he had been unable to get any money because the bank was short of funds.
Asked Aid by State The heads of the bank heard about the rumors of a run several days ago To head it off, they summoned Dr. Lewis back by wire and appealed to Joseph Broderick, state superintendent of banks. The bank's officials set about in a methodical way to take care of the rush. They hired nine extra tellers, making a total of 17. They stationed attendants at the door to hand out withdrawal slips to the depositors. And they brought over from the Brooklyn Trust company in an armored truck $14,000,000 they had in reserve there. Police were summoned to keep the milling crowd in order. Everything went off smoothly, notody was worried or delayed in getting his money, and from time to time Dr. Lewis read to the crowd reassuring statements that the money was there, that there was no danger.
14.August 16, 1929The Stuart NewsStuart, FL
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All Crazy People Are Not in Asylums
NEW YORK, Aug. 16. carbuncle on the back of the president's neck indirectly helped to start a run Thursday on the Bay Ridge Savings Bank in Brooklyn. Two thousand depositors rushed into the place and, before they had quieted down-and before some of them had gone back and reopened their accounts-they had drawn out $2,000,000. Several days ago Dr. Maurice T. Lewis, president, went to a hospital
15.August 16, 1929The Valdosta Daily TimesValdosta, GA
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farm prayer and thing than an of Byrd the his for after Byrd Wiregrass Farmer at Ashburn to The celebration is going be one of the big events of the year in Cordele and Valdosta is going to be well represented.
REDEPOSIT CASH New York. Aug. 16. positors in the Bay Ridge Savings bank of Brooklyn. who got excited yesterday over rumors that there run on the bank to and thereupon started an actual run, began today to put their money back Although bank officials opened the place at 7:30 a. m. today, with extra tellers prepared to continue paying out, only 20 depositors were on hand to with draw their money By 9 m. 174 old depositors had returned. bringing back $9.000 of the nearly $2,000,000 withdrawn yesterday.
16.August 16, 1929Press of Atlantic CityAtlantic City, NJ
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Carbuncle Stirs $2,000,000 Bank Run But $14,000,000 Awaits Depositors
False Rumor President of Institution Died Starts 2000 Clamoring for Their Money
NEW Aug. buncle the back of the president's neck helped start Bay Ridge Savings bank depositors rushed place and, before they quieted before them, rather reopened drawn out Several days Dr. Maurice Lewis, hospital Connecticut have carbuncle removed from the back his neck. False rumors were circulated was dead and that his death had caused on the bank. Rumors started the actual run. In addition, officials bank today. had tried borrow $16,000 only $10,000 lateral went nearby speakeasy and said had been unable money because the bank was short funds. The heads the bank heard they and appealed Joseph Broderick, state tendent banks. Broderick wrote which that bank found excellent officials posted at the But excited positors rushed right past Being officials about methodical take of rush. They hired tellers, making total stationed attendants the door hand out slips the depositors. brought Brooklyn Trust truck they Police to keep milling were crowd in order.
17.August 17, 1929Drumright Weekly DerrickDrumright, OK
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DEPOSITORS RETURN AFTER RUN ON BANK
Begin Putting Money Back In Brooklyn Institution As Rumor Is Discredited
NEW YORK, Aug. 17 Depositors in the Bay Ridge Savings bank of Brooklyn, who became excited yesterday over rumors that there was a run on the bank and thereupon started an actual run. began today to put their money back.
Although bank officials opened the place today prepared to continue paying out money only 20 depositors were on hand to make withdrawals. Within an hour and a half 17 old depositors had returned, bringing back $9,000 of the nearly $2,000,000 withdrawn yesterday. They continued coming back throughout morning hours.
Rumors of a run on the bank, be lieved to have been started by a man disgruntled because he was refused a $16.000 loan on $10,000 collateral. were enlarged by a report that Dr. Maurice T. Lewis, president, was dead. It developed that Doctor Lewis had been in a Connecticut hospital having a carbuncle removed from his neck.
18.August 17, 1929Brooklyn EagleBrooklyn, NY
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PROBE TO FIND BAY RIDGE BANK RUN GOSSIPER
Depositors Are Summoned in Quest for Rigid Prosecution Pledged.
District Attorney Charles S. Dodd today that had summoned number depositors of the Bay Ridge Bank to appear morning and tell what they can the rumors that led the recent on the bank. Dodd said he hopes to trace dow! the author the rumor in this way and obtain evidence of criminal act which will lay before the Grand Jury. Definite ending of the "run" was indicated the bank opened for business this Officers said that only two persons waiting the Much of the money withdrawn Thursday came back yesterday. but officers the amount could definitely fixed, since was impossible segregate redeposits from regular business Apparently the only loss resulting the of interest the those who withdrew part their deposits. They will lose the interest three months what timated drawals. Dodd's follows: spread false and baseless that especially cruel cause the wrong did upright, hard-working people. Bay Ridge Savings the financial well sufferers this rumor the their money, the interest which they worked accumulate. for the covered by for which Nothing will be left reveal rise found will to the limit of the
19.August 23, 1929Daily NewsNew York, NY
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DODD SPEEDS UP INQUIRY INTO RUN ON SAVINGS BANK
District Attorney Charles J. Dodd, in Brooklyn, yesterday continued questioning depositors of the Bay Ridge Savings bank in his quest for the person or persons who started reports responsible for the run last week. Eight depositors were at Dodd's office yesterday. Dodd said he would not complete his inquiry until next week and would have no comment to make until then.
Seeking advice la affairs of the heart? Read Doris Blake's daily
Bank runs are almost always and everywhere a deterioration of bank fundamentals.
But not for you.
You are the measure-zero exception: great fundamentals, solid bank, and yet the Diamond Dybvig fairy spread its rumor. Depositors woke up. Your collateral was not prepositioned. The Clearinghouse had it for you.
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